Portal:Trees

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In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. In wider definitions, the taller palms, tree ferns, bananas, and bamboos are also trees.

Trees are not a monophyletic taxonomic group but consist of a wide variety of plant species that have independently evolved a trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. The majority of tree species are angiosperms or hardwoods; of the rest, many are gymnosperms or softwoods. Trees tend to be long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old. Trees evolved around 370 million years ago, and it is estimated that there are around three trillion mature trees in the world currently.

A tree typically has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground by the trunk, which typically contains woody tissue for strength, and vascular tissue to carry materials from one part of the tree to another. For most trees the trunk is surrounded by a layer of bark which serves as a protective barrier. Below the ground, the roots branch and spread out widely; they serve to anchor the tree and extract moisture and nutrients from the soil. Above ground, the branches divide into smaller branches and shoots. The shoots typically bear leaves, which capture light energy and convert it into sugars by photosynthesis, providing the food for the tree's growth and development.

Trees usually reproduce using seeds. Flowers and fruit may be present, but some trees, such as conifers, instead have pollen cones and seed cones. Palms, bananas, and bamboos also produce seeds, but tree ferns produce spores instead.

Trees play a significant role in reducing erosion and moderating the climate. They remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store large quantities of carbon in their tissues. Trees and forests provide a habitat for many species of animals and plants. Tropical rainforests are among the most biodiverse habitats in the world. Trees provide shade and shelter, timber for construction, fuel for cooking and heating, and fruit for food as well as having many other uses. In much of the world, forests are shrinking as trees are cleared to increase the amount of land available for agriculture. Because of their longevity and usefulness, trees have always been revered, with sacred groves in various cultures, and they play a role in many of the world's mythologies. (Full article...)

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Brachychiton rupestris (commonly known as the narrow-leaved bottle tree or Queensland bottle tree) is a tree in the family Malvaceae, endemic to Queensland, Australia. Described by Sir Thomas Mitchell and John Lindley in 1848, it earned its name from its bulbous trunk, which can be up to 3.5 metres (11 ft) in diameter at breast height (DBH). Reaching around 10–25 m (33–82 ft) high, the Queensland bottle tree is deciduous, losing its leaves seasonally, between September and December. The leaves are simple or divided, with one or more narrow leaf blades up to 11 centimetres (4 in) long and 2 cm (0.8 in) wide. Cream-coloured flowers appear from September to November, and are followed by woody, boat-shaped follicles that ripen from November to May. No subspecies are recognised.

As a drought deciduous succulent tree, much like the baobab (Adansonia) of Madagascar, B. rupestris adapts readily to cultivation, and is quite tolerant of a range of soils and temperatures. It is a key component and emergent tree in the endangered central semi-evergreen vine thickets (also known as bottletree scrub) of the Queensland Brigalow Belt. Remnant trees are often left by farmers on cleared land for their value as shade and fodder trees, and as homes for various birds and animals. (Full article...)

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... that the Top 10 New Species of the past year include a 40 foot (12 m) tall tree (pictured), a crustacean that looks like a skeleton, a protist that acts like a sponge, and a fungus named after the King of the Netherlands?
... that the Pass Christian Light was deactivated in part because neighboring property owners refused to trim their trees?
... that Cossinia trifoliata trees endemic to New Caledonia have become vulnerable to extinction, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature's 1998 assessment?
... that the Hanlon Expressway is named after Felix Hanlon, who helped cut the first tree to inaugurate Guelph, Ontario?
... that British architect Richard Feilden was killed by a falling tree whilst creating a woodland memorial for his recently deceased father?
... that according to tradition the Church of the Holy Archangels, Rogoz was built from two huge elm trees?
... that the oak tree under which Goethe allegedly wrote Faust's Walpurgis Night scene stood inside Buchenwald concentration camp and was sketched by French Volontaires de la Liberté member and camp inmate Léon Delarbre?

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Mahogany is a straight-grained, reddish-brown timber of three tropical hardwood species of the genus Swietenia, indigenous to the Americas and part of the pantropical chinaberry family, Meliaceae. Mahogany is used commercially for a wide variety of goods, due to its coloring and durable nature. It is naturally found within the Americas, but has also been imported to plantations across Asia and Oceania. The mahogany trade may have begun as early as the 16th century and flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries. In certain countries, mahogany is considered an invasive species.

Mahogany is wood from any of three tree species: Honduran or big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), West Indian or Cuban mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni), and Swietenia humilis. Honduran mahogany is the most widespread and the only genuine mahogany species commercially grown today. Mahogany is a valuable lumber used for paneling, furniture, boats, musical instruments, and other items. The United States is the leading importer of mahogany, while Peru is the largest exporter. Mahogany is the national tree of the Dominican Republic and Belize. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various tree-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Lepidodendron, an extinct lycophyte tree (from Tree)
Image 2Buds, leaves, flowers and fruit of oak (Quercus robur) (from Tree)
Image 3Temperate rainforest in Tasmania's Hellyer Gorge (from Forest)
Image 4Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), a deciduous broad-leaved (angiosperm) tree (from Tree)
Image 5A young red pine (Pinus resinosa) with spread of roots visible, as a result of soil erosion (from Tree)
Image 6Proportion of forest in protected areas, by region, 2020 (from Forest)
Image 7Wind dispersed seed of elm (Ulmus), ash (Fraxinus) and maple (Acer) (from Tree)
Image 8Tall herbaceous monocotyledonous plants such as banana lack secondary growth, but are trees under the broadest definition. (from Tree)
Image 9Northern beech (Fagus sylvatica) trunk in autumn (from Tree)
Image 10Latvian Pine Forest in Ķegums Municipality (from Forest)
Image 11Fraxinus excelsior (from List of trees of Great Britain and Ireland)
Image 12Neem tree at Sant Nenuram Ashram (from Trees of Pakistan)
Image 13Share of forest area in total land area, top countries (2021) (from Forest)
Image 14Buttress roots of the kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra) (from Tree)
Image 15Forest in the Scottish Highlands (from Forest)
Image 16Cracked thorny skin of a Aesculus tree seed (from Tree)
Image 17Priest River winding through Whitetail Butte with lots of forestry to the east—these lot patterns have existed since the mid-19th century. The white patches reflect areas with younger, smaller trees, where winter snow cover shows up brightly to the astronauts. Dark green-brown squares are parcels (from Forest)
Image 18Garibaldi Provincial Park, British Columbia (from Forest)
Image 19Rowan tree in Wicklow, Ireland (from List of trees of Great Britain and Ireland)
Image 20Recently stripped cork oak (Quercus suber) (from Tree)
Image 21Form, leaves and reproductive structures of queen sago (Cycas circinalis) (from Tree)
Image 22Since the 13th century, the Niepołomice Forest in Poland has had special use and protection. In this view from space, different coloration can indicate different functions. (from Forest)
Image 23Yggdrasil, the World Ash of Norse mythology (from Tree)
Image 24Share of land that is covered by forest (from Forest)
Image 25Redwood tree in northern California redwood forest, where many redwood trees are managed for preservation and longevity, rather than being harvested for wood production (from Forest)
Image 26The Daintree Rainforest (from Tree)
Image 27Burned forest on Thasos (from Forest)
Image 28Proportion and distribution of global forest area by climatic domain, 2020 (from Forest)
Image 29Latex collecting from a rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) (from Tree)
Image 30Broadleaf forest in Bhutan (from Forest)
Image 31The Amazon rainforest alongside the Solimões River, a tropical rainforest. These forests are the most biodiverse and productive ecosystems in the world. (from Forest)
Image 32Buds, leaves and reproductive structures of white fir (Abies alba) (from Tree)
Image 33The General Sherman Tree, thought to be the world's largest by volume (from Tree)
Image 34Dormant Magnolia bud (from Tree)
Image 35European larch (Larix decidua), a coniferous tree which is also deciduous (from Tree)
Image 36Palms and cycads as they might have appeared in the middle Tertiary (from Tree)
Image 37Trees in art: Weeping Willow, Claude Monet, 1918 (from Tree)
Image 38Selling firewood at a market (from Tree)
Image 39Even, dense old-growth stand of beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) prepared to be regenerated by their saplings in the understory, in the Brussels part of the Sonian Forest. (from Forest)
Image 40Informal upright style of bonsai on a juniper tree (from Tree)
Image 414000 years old Cypress of Abarqu is the oldest tree in Iran and the second oldest tree in the world. (from List of trees of Iran)
Image 42A forest near Vinitsa, North Macedonia (from Forest)
Image 43People trees, by Pooktre (from Tree)
Image 44Conifers in the Swabian alps (from Tree)
Image 45Olive trees in Pakistan (from Trees of Pakistan)
Image 46Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) tapped to collect sap for maple syrup (from Tree)
Image 47A section of yew (Taxus baccata) showing 27 annual growth rings, pale sapwood and dark heartwood (from Tree)
Image 48Alleé of London plane trees (Platanus × acerifolia) in garden (from Tree)
Image 49Diagram of secondary growth in a eudicot or coniferous tree showing idealised vertical and horizontal sections. A new layer of wood is added in each growing season, thickening the stem, existing branches and roots. (from Tree)
Image 50Roof trusses made from softwood (from Tree)
Image 51World production of selected forest products (from Forest)
Image 52Malus sylvestris (from List of trees of Great Britain and Ireland)
Image 53Spiny forest at Ifaty, Madagascar, featuring various Adansonia (baobab) species, Alluaudia procera (Madagascar ocotillo) and other vegetation (from Forest)
Image 54Alnus glutinosa (from List of trees of Great Britain and Ireland)