X century

The century X d. C. (10th century AD) or X century and. c. (tenth century of the Common Era) began on January 1, 901 and ended on December 31, 1000. It is called the “Iron Age”.

Global map (except America) around 900.

Global map (except America) at the end of the centuryX.

The X century is a period where the end of the Dark Ages is in sight, culture flourishes above all in the Arab world, especially in Al-Andalus, where its capital, Córdoba, becomes one of the most influential and important in the world, in Europe, the Byzantine Empire and the First Bulgarian Empire are fighting for the territories in the Balkans.

In China, a period of political anarchy occurs in which its empire is divided into various states. However, it was a period of various scientific and technological advances, and the beginning of the use of gunpowder as a weapon is even dated.

Relevant events

Wars and Politics

• 899-907: There are incursions of the magic cavalry in Western Europe.
• 907: Collapses the Great Moravia, giving birth to the Great Principality of Hungary.
• 907: Collapse of Tang Dynasty and beginning of the Journal of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
• 909: The Fatimid Caliphate settles in eastern Algeria.
• 911: The Normans settle in Normandy.
• 917: The Bulgarians of Simeon I defeat the Byzantine Empire in the battle of Himoo.
• 918: Goryeo Dynasty begins in Korea.
• 927: The Kingdom of England is founded after the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
• 928: Ziyárida dynasty sits in northern Iran.
• 929: Abderramán III is proclaimed caliph, the Caliphate of Córdoba is born.
• 937: Battle of Brunanburh in which Æðelstān defeats the Vikings of Dublin and the Celts of Scotland and Strathclyde.
• 939: The Battle of Simancas becomes an important victory of Christians against Muslims.
• 950: The Tui Tonga Empire is established in Oceania.
• 962: The Holy Roman-German Empire is born, the first German Reich
• 979: Reunification of China under the Song Dynasty
• 982: A military campaign of Oton II on Italy fails.
• 985: Greenland is discovered by the Vikings.
• 987: Hugo Capeto is crowned king of France, starting the Capetos dynasty. His descendants will rule France until the French Revolution. Other branches of the Capetos survive in the form of the monarchy of Spain and Luxembourg.
• 999: The Samanids are conquered by the Gaznávida Empire.

Science and technology

• 919: First record of the use of firearms (Batalla Langshan Jiang, China).

Disasters

• The reindeer is extinguished in Scotland.

Religion

• 966: Miecislaus I, Duke of Poland, becomes Christianity.
• 988: Vladimir I of Kiev, prince of Novgorod and Kiev, becomes Christianity.

Culture

• The rise of the Toltec culture in Mesoamerica occurs.
• 909: The monastery of Cluny is founded.
• 936: Abderramán III founded the palatial or aulica city of Medina Azahara.
• 975: The university of al-Azhar was founded in Cairo, the oldest in the world.
• 993: An Arabic ship captain arrives at the port of Guangzhou.

Relevant people

Hugo Capeto, king of France.

• Alfonso III (866-910), Rey Asturias, Galicia and Leon Reino de León.
• Abderramán III (891-961), first caliph of the Caliphate of Córdoba.
• Adalbert of Prague (956-997), saint and bishop of Prague.
• Æðelstān (895-939), first king of unified England.
• Al-Farabi (872-950), Arab philosopher.
• Alhacén (965-1040), mathematician, physical and astronomer Arabic.
• Basil II (958-1025), Byzantine emperor, known for re-expanding the empire's borders.
• Erik the Red (950-1003), pirate and viking explorer.
• Ferdousí (935-1020), Persian poet.
• Harald I of Norway (850-933), first king of Norway.
• Hugo Capeto (940-996), king of France, founder of the Capeto dynasty.
• Nicephorus II Focas (912-969), Byzantine emperor.
• Olaf I of Norway (963-969-1000), king of Norway.
• Oton I (912-973), first emperor of the Holy Roman-Germanic Empire.
• Oton II (955-983), second emperor of the Holy Roman-German Empire.
• Sancho III of Navarre. (990/992-1032), king of Navarre.
• Silvestre II (945-1003), Pope of Rome, called "the potato of the year 1000».
• Simeon I the Great (864/865-927), king of the First Bulgarian Empire.
• Taizu de Song (927-976), founder of the Song dynasty.
• Ulrico de Augsburg (890-973), saint, bishop of Augsburg.
• Vladimir I of Kiev (958-1015), prince of Kiev and Novgorod.