Vladimir Arsenyev

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Vladímir Klávdievich Arseniev (Russian: Владимир Клавдиевич Арсеньев; St. Petersburg, August 29^July/ September 10, 1872^greg. - Vladivostok, September 4, 1930) was a Russian and Soviet explorer, naturalist, cartographer and writer, whose main works They were developed in the Russian Far East.

Biography

Vladímir was the second of nine brothers: Anatoliy (Анатолий) (1870—1938); Vladimir (Владимир) (1872—1930); Klavdiy (Клавдий) (1873—1918); Rufina (Руфина) (1876—1956); Vera (Вера) (1877—1964); Olga (Ольга) (1879—1918); Lydia (Лидия) (1881—1918); Alexander (Александр) (1883—1962); Maria (Мария) (1889—1981), who were joined by an orphaned relative, Kapitolina Kokina (Капитолина Кокина). His father, Klavdiy (Клавдий), an illegitimate son who bore the surname of his godfather, came from a humble family of peasant serfs in the province of Tver (Тверская губерния), but became, not without great efforts, Head of the District of Moscow of Russian Railways.

In 1892, Vladimir enrolled in the School of Infantry Cadets of St. Petersburg (санкт-петерброе пехотное юнкерское чилище). There he had as a teacher Mikhail Efímovich Grumm-Grzhimaylo, brother of the famous Russian traveler and entomologist Grigory E. Grumm-Grzhimaylo (Григорий Ефимович Грумм-Гржимайло), who perhaps sparked the interest of the young Vladí. I looked for geographical research and the Far East. After his graduation, in 1895, he was assigned to Poland and, in 1900, transferred, at his own request, to Vladivostok where, from the first moment, he began to study the surroundings of the city and the archaeological remains of the surrounding areas. That same year he was named captain of the detachment. Later, in 1905, he was assigned to Khabarovsk.

Arsenyev's life in the Russian Far East is marked by the numerous expeditions he carried out throughout the Primorye region (Приморский край). During one of these expeditions, Arseniev met Dersú Uzalá (Дерсу Узала), an old hunter of the Gold or Hezhen ethnic group, called nanaitsi (нанайцы) in Russian. The great and intimate friendship that united them marked the explorer for life, as was reflected in his books For the territory of Ussuri and Dersú Uzalá. The latter had great relevance on everything in Russia and the defunct Soviet Union, and turned Arsenyev into a hero. The book was made into a movie twice. The first dates back to 1961 and was directed by the Armenian-Soviet director Agasi Babayan (Агаси Бабаян, Armenian: Աղասի Բաբայան). The second, winner of the Oscar award for best foreign film in 1976, was directed by Japanese director Akira Kurosawa. In it, the role of Captain Arseniev was played by the Soviet actor Yuri Solomin (Юри Соломин), while the role of Dersú Uzalá was played by the Russian actor Maksim Munzuk (Максим Мунзук).

During the Russian Civil War (1917-1923), although it was initially mobilized to the front, the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Geographical Society asked the provisional government to return to Khabarovsk to continue its research work. He was then appointed Commissar of the Provisional Government for Ethnic Affairs of the Amur Region and subsequently retired from military service to be appointed Counselor of Education. From then on, and until his death, he held various positions in the Administration, almost always related to Nature (hunting, fishing and conservation), Colonists or Ethnography, positions that he combined, not only with his geographical, naturalistic and ethnographic, but also with teaching activity at the Khabarovsk Polytechnic and the Far Eastern National University of Vladivostok.

Throughout his life in the Far East, he became a member of numerous scientific associations (for example, Russian Geographical Society; Association of Friends of Natural Sciences, Anthropology and Ethnography of Moscow University; Society of Oriental Studies; Society of Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Kazan University; Scientific-Pedagogical Association of the Far Eastern National University; Pan-Russian Society for Nature Conservation), in some of which he holds relevant positions, while in others he is named an honorary member (for example, Society of Russian Orientalists; National Geographic Society; Royal Geographical Society), for his notable contributions to the knowledge of that part of the world. He is also appointed member of scientific institutions such as the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, or scientific consultant for the film expeditions of the Soviet production company 'SovKino'. (Совкино).

Other of his important contributions to the development of the Russian Far East have to do with nature conservation, since Arseniev was the promoter of the promulgation of regulations related to the preservation of natural resources (fur or fishing exploitation, for example), as well as the creation of natural reserves that still exist today:

Kamchatka Natural Reserve (шно-Камчатский заказник им. Т.
Nature Reserve Komandorski (Командорский заповедник)
National Park of the upper course of the river Aniui (AÃюйский Национальный парк)

He married twice. The first, with Anna Konstantinovna Kadashevich (Анна Константиновна Кадашевич), in 1897. As a result of this union, two sons were born: Vladimir Vladimirovich Arseniev, in 1900 and Oleg Vladimirovich Arseniev, in 19 02, who died of meningitis at two years of age. The second was with Margarita Nikolaievna Solovieva (Маргарита Николаевна Соловьева) in 1919, after his union with Anna Konstantinovna was declared void. From this marriage his daughter Natalia Vladimirovna Arsenieva was born.

Arseniev's family home in Vladivostok, now converted into a museum that bears his name, displays personal and other objects related to his expeditions.

Arseniev died, at the age of 57, at 3:15 p.m. on September 4, 1930.

His widow, Margarita Nikolaevna Arsenyeva, was arrested in 1934 by the Soviet secret police and later, in 1937, accused of belonging to an organization of spies and saboteurs led by her husband. Her case was tried by a military court (August 21, 1938) that took only ten minutes to sentence her to death. The sentence was carried out immediately. Arsenyev's daughter, Natalia, was also arrested in April 1941 and sentenced to the Gulag.

Works

Most of Arsenyev's works were essays or articles. However, the best known are the books that make up the trilogy about the Ussuri region: For the Ussuri region, Dersú Uzalá and In the mountains of the Sijoté-Alín. They have been edited on numerous occasions and in formats, seeing his texts combined or separated and published under different titles. For this reason, it is difficult to make a single compilation of his writings.

Books (stories)

By Ussuri (По рссссурийскому краю), 1921;
Dersú Uzalá (Denouncer) 1923;

In the mountains of the Sijote-Alin (В горах Сихотэ-Алиня), first published in 1937;

Winter walk through the river Jungari (Zymnia, published for the first time in 1949;
Life and adventures in the taiga (English) published by deliveries between 1908 and 1913, under the title From the travel diary (as in the newspaper Priamurie, published in 1957;

Essays and reports

Five-year report on the activities of the Vladivostok Hunter Society, 1901-1905 (Отчет о деятельности Владивостокского общества любителей охоты за 5 лет с 1901 по 1905 г. включительно), 1906 - This report contains a lot of information about nature in the Primorie;
Short military geographical and statistical testing of the Ussuri region. Years 1900 - 1910 (Кратком военно-герафическом и военно-статическом очерке рсссурийского края. 1900 - 1910 гг.), 1912. Data and conclusions of their years of studies in the Primorie and the development of road maps;
Cybeline marta and its methods of capture in the Ussuri region (Couple и способы охоты на него в срийском крае), 1922 - It is a brief report on the biology of the species and the methods used by the local population to hunt it;
Traditional methods of capturing the cybeline hat and skin trade (Tystams are spelt out of the past, 1922 - Commercial statistical report;
Dear predator. The Hunting of the Cybeline Mart in the Ussuri Region (DUDGOTCHING) Охота на соболя в рийссском крае), 1925 - Describe the species, its habitat and how to hunt and fish. It also details the methods used in its capture;
Get some skeletons. Fur dealers in the Far East (Za солями. Скупщики пушнины на дальнем Востоке), 1925 - Describes the methods used to desolate skewed hats and store their skins, and the history of hunting and trade of the species by the Chinese and the local population;
Gingsen search engines in the Ussuri region (скатели пеньшеня в рссссурийском крае), 1925 - Describes the root of the gingsen, its uses as medicine and the characteristics of its seekers;
The people of the forest, the Udejé (LEARS люди - удехейцы), 1926 - Essay on the appearance, life, social structure and conception of the world of the Udejé;
Pacific Moorish (Tyrhokokokonskoi мор), 1927 - A detailed description of the morsa of the peaceful (Odobenus rosmarus divergens), their habitats and their hunting;

Articles and presentations

Observations on the salmon of the Transussuri region (North-year-old, published in the "Anuary of the Zoological Museum of the Academy of Sciences"
Life and adventures in the taiga (English) published by deliveries between 1908 and 1913, under the title From the travel diary (as in the newspaper Priamurie, published in 1957;
The Orochi-Udejé (Орочи-удэхе), paper made at the headquarters of the Russian Geographical Society, published in the magazine "Antigüedad Viva" in 1911. Brief description of the living conditions of the local population.

Materials for the study of the ancient history of the Ussuri region (Most of the world)
Extinction of natives of the Amur region (Вымирание инородцев Амурского края). Acts of 1.♪ Amur Territory Medical Congress, 23-28 August 1913 in Jabárovsk. — "Materials for the study of the region of Amur" (Mâtrerилы по изучению Приамурского края), 1914 - Describes the characteristics of the daily life of the native population of the Primorie and the causes of its extinction;
The Chinese in the Ussuri region. Historical-Ethnographic Test (Китайцы в рсссурийском Крае. Очерк историко-этнографический, published in "Notes of the Section of the Amur of the Russian Geographic Society" (Ziapiscí Примурского отдела РГО), 1914 - With detailed physical-geographic and historical data, it offers a characterization;
Short physical-geographic testing of the Amur River Basin (Краткий физико-геграфический очерк басссейна р. Амура), published in "Asian Bulletin" (Вестник Азииии), 1916 - Physical-geographic description of the territory, detailing the characteristics of the river Amur;
Our Americans (Наши американоиды), published in "Boletín de Asia" (Вестник Азиии), 1916 - Describes ethnographic research in the Primorie;
Chamanism of the native Siberians and their animistic conception of nature (" S ") (" S ") (" S ") (" S ") (" S ") ", 1916;
Ancient monuments in the Ussuri and Manchuria region (Памятники старины в рссссурийском крае и и в Маньчурии), published in "Boletín de Asia" (Вестник Азиии), 1916 - Collect all the author's knowledge about the ancient monuments in these areas;
Archaeology and archaeology census of the Ussuri region (English translation)
Dolphin fishing (Deletion of the Far East), published in "Economic Life of the Far East" (Execution of the Beluga), 1925 - Brief description of the beluga (report of the Far East).Delphinapterus leucasof its habitat and method used for its hunting;
The Tazi and the Udejé (Trâs и удэхе), published in "Statistic bulletin of the Statistical Office of the Far East" (Santiago of the Far East) (Santiago of the Chinese influence)
The North Coast concerning its colonization (Published in the magazine "Economy and Life of the Far East" (Economy and Life of the Far East), 1926 - Description
Geographic and natural data on the colonization of the Far East (successfully)
Zoning of the Far East for the priority of studies in the departments of the Russian Geographic Society (Районирование Рльнего Востока для преимущественноо изучения тем или иным ом РГмустенром Рстустом
Travel through the Silence Mountains (Путешествие на Молчаливые горы), published in the newspaper "Estrella del Pacífico" (Тихоокеанская звезда), 1927 - Brief description of small trips of the author by the region of Priamurie;
The Shaman tree (Symānschuo дерево), published in the newspaper "Estrella del Pacífico" (Tyrikaokonsкая звезда), 1928 - Description of the vision and religious rites of the local population;
The Bird Market (Птичий базар), published in the magazine "El Cazador" (Охотник), 1928 - Brief description of the birds of the Primorie, their habitats and the hunting of some of them;
The age of ice and the native population of the East Siberia (Light of the Russian Geographical Society) published in "Notes of the Amur of the Russian Geographical Society"

Expeditions

Between 1901 and 1903It carries out different expeditions of recognition by various rivers near Vladivostok, where it studies the local population and archaeological sites.
In 1902 the expedition in which the meeting with Dersú Uzalá takes place. Expedition by the rivers Tsimujé (Constructions) and Lefu (Life). The aim of this expedition was to explore the region of Shkotovo (Skokotko), the ports of the mountain chain Da-Dian-Shan (Dera-Denja-Sara) [currently mountains of Przhevalskiy (Greats Превальскогого)], and the paths around Lake Janka.
In 1906 Its first expedition to the mountain range of Sijoté-Alín (Сихотэ-Алинь): rivers Ulajé (рлахэ), Lifudsin (Lифудзин), Noto (Ното), Tetiuje (Tетюхе), Mutujé (MÃтухэ), Sanjobe (Санхобе),
In 1907It organizes, as a continuation of 1906, a new expedition to the mountain range of Sijoté-Alin, through the rivers Sanjobe, Belembe (елембе), Takemá (Такема), Amagú (Aмагу), Kusún (Кусун), Najtojú (Нахтоху), Bikín (ику). This same year it carries out archeological excavations between the bay of Terna (Tyrani) and the river Kusun (Кусун). Also in the mountains next to the Gulf of Plastun (supplied by the river Takema; in the banks of the river Yodzhijé (oosыхе) and in its delta, near the gulf Djiguit (supplied by the river) vid above).
In 1908, year in which Dersú Uzalá dies, begins a new expedition through the Sijoté-Alín, which lasts until January 1910.
In 1911It organizes an expedition beyond the river Ussuri, along the coast, from the river Samarguí (Самарги) to the river Kumujú (Кумуху), while in 1912 it makes a new expedition through the mountain range of Sijoté-Alín.
Between 1912 and 1916 In the province of the West,
In 1917, he travels to the region of the mouth of the river Amur (Aмур) to check the situation of the local peoples, as well as the expedition Olgón - Gorínskaya (Олгон-Горинская).
In 1918 he makes an expedition to Kamchatka.
In 1921 carries out archaeological excavations near Vladivostok.
In 1922 It carries out an expedition to the region of Guizhiguinskiy (Gyzhiguinskiy), of the Ojotsko-Kamchatka Region (Охотско-Камчатский край).
In 1923 travels to the Commander Islands and Kamchatka. It also performs archaeological explorations on the northwestern shore of Lake Kultuchnoye (Култучное озеро).
In 1926 is part of the expedition to the Far East of the National Commissioner of Agriculture for the exploration and colonization of lands of the valleys of the tributaries of the Amur right margin.
In 1927 He conducts an expedition between Sovietski-Gavan (School-German) and Jabárovsk as head of the group of Colonos de la Primorie.
In 1928 is part of the expedition to the Primorie of the Regional Directorate for Migration Affairs
In 1930 organizes and directs 9 expeditionary detachments for the exploration of the districts where new railway lines will take place. On July 19 of that year, part of Vladivostok towards the low course of the Amur to inspect the expeditionary detachments, journey of which he returns on August 26, sick of a bronconeumony that will cause him death on September 4.

Film adaptations

It was directed by the Armenian-Soviet director Agasi Babayan (Agghanistan, Bosnian, Armenian, Armenian:).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).).). 。
Dersu Uzala Directed by Akira Kurosawa in 1976. Oscar Award winner to the best foreign film.

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