Vehicle

The car is a means of locomotive or transport.

The bike is also a vehicle.

The vehicle (from Latin: vehiculum) is a means of locomotion that allows the transfer of people or things from one place to another.

When moving animals or objects it is called a transport vehicle, such as (in order of creation) the ship, the car, the train, the bicycle, the motorcycle, the car, the truck, the plane and the ship, among others.

In the field of communication, different types of vehicles are used for the transmission of information, such as newspapers, television, the Internet, etc.

Vehicles are the means through which a disease can be spread, such as sound or electricity.

Land Vehicles

It is one that transports people, things and animals by land.

Vehicles that move on rails

High-speed train

1. Elevator/lift
2. Truck
3. Metro (transport)
4. Tram
5. Train
6. Truck
7. Locomotivea

Vehicles that move on rails

Electric motor

1. Automobile
2. Truck
3. Bus
4. Bike
5. Lift truck
6. Car
7. Motorcycle
8. Cyclomotor
9. Patinete
10. Remolque
11. Trailer
12. Trolebus
13. Monkey
14. Patents
15. Tricycle
16. Horse

Available data on global automobile production in 2019, in millions of units per year:

Post	Country	Millions of units
1	China	25,72
2	United States	10,88
3	Japan	9.68
4	Germany	4,666
5	India	4.51
6	Mexico	3,98
7	South Korea	3,95
8	Brazil	2.94
9	Spain	2.82
10	France	2,20
28	Argentina	0.31
40	Colombia	0.05

Unconditioned terrain vehicles

All-terrain

1. SUV motor
2. Buggy
3. Quad
4. Tractor
5. Motonieve
6. Sleigh
7. Enduro Motorcycle
8. Mountain bike
9. Tank

Marine vehicles

Within the section on marine vehicles you can find those that move on water and those that do so submerged.

On the water

Transatlantic

1. Balsa
2. Embarkation
3. Canoa
4. Bote
5. Drakkar
6. Galera
7. Junco
8. Carabela
9. Galeon
10. Fragata
11. Urca
12. Ship
13. Water motor
14. Shuttle
15. Catamaran
16. Transatlantic
17. Break it up.

Submerged

1. Submarine
2. Batiscafo

Air Vehicles

Airplane

With motor

• Airplane

Of propellers

1. Helicopter
2. Avioneta

Reaction

• Cohete
• Space cohete

Without engine

Air balloon

It is noteworthy that almost all devices without an engine are capable of operating with an engine, however due to its peculiarity of remaining in the air without the help of an engine, it gives it a particular design that is very careful to take advantage of the lift forces, which ultimately forces them to be framed as their own category.

• Aerostato: An aerostato, montgolfier or aerostatic balloon is an unpropelled aircraft that rises using hot air using the principle of the fluids of Archimedes. It is carried away by air currents, It can control its elevation by means of ballast and warming bags, depending on the type of balloon.

• Directible: They operate with gases lighter than the air, typically helium, although initially they came to work with hydrogen that was replaced by the helium following the accident of the Hindenburg airwriter in which illustrious characters of the time traveled.

• Ala delta: Ingenious apparatus aerodynamically enabled to be directed, carries a harness suspended below the wing where the pilot is properly tied and from which he can navigate. Its structure is very light, and at the same time fragile, are usually made completely and foldable, for easy transport, is commonly used for sports or recreational practice. A photo camera, gives you a little professional touch. It depends largely on the winds, so it is not practicable anywhere. The takeoff takes place from a very high place, like the slope of a mountain. It is not advisable to try to navigate without an instructor guide, since it is necessary to know the characteristics of the winds and the operational management of the apparatus so that its use does not involve an accident. The risk factor is always present. There is another motor version, to avoid the absence of winds, which is usually called mixed, as the engine can also be shut down, if the conditions are favorable. Its shape, as its name indicates, is in delta, a kind of triangle: those that have a motor usually have a winged shape with a large width.

• Parachute: Artefact made from fibers, or fabrics, forming a semicircunference, have some strings that make up the frame of the artifact, which at the same time serve as subjection to the harness of the jumper. The parachute basically does not fly, but it does a slow fall, allows a small directional management, which is not enough, however it serves to navigate it to a specific destination at will. Its construction is extremely light and it kneels over itself in the form of fan fold, before it can be saved for use, in a backpack that is at the same time the harness of the jumper. Its foundation is removed from the aerostatic balloon.

• Paragliding: Small-size parachute type and great handling compared to typical parachute. It allows expert jumpers to achieve a landing precision with good atmospheric conditions of very few meters of error on the target. As with the wing delta, it has been equipped with a small engine, which because of the lower alar dimensions than the wing delta, makes it more suitable for more critical situations. However, this advantage is against the fact that the delta wing is more suitable for flying in the absence of wind, using the engine.

• Planner: It is an apparatus with a figure similar to that of an airplane, an excellent aerodynamic and a great lengthening, which is the one that gives it great support. They can stay for hours in flight, if air currents are not very unfavourable, and travel even thousands of kilometers (if the pilot holds). Its flight is mild, and to fly, it is towed from a plane — called nodriza — to get the required altitude, when it departs from the nodriza plane. They are very light, and are often built with light metal such as aluminum, light woods, and more currently carbon fibers. Its use covers several modalities, from the acrobatic-sport flight, to the taking of photos, the pleasure of heights, or even meteorological measurements, today already in disuse.

Projectiles

• Boomerang: Small Artilugio of manual use with a form of squad (without hypotenuse), and that due to the design of its aerodynamic form and with a proper management style it is achieved to "fly" on a round trip. Originating from Australia's aborigines, their use has been hunting and war, although nowadays their use is more of a sports mode, or recreation than anything else. Its weight is very light, and it is built in wood very resistant to shocks, and modernly in fibers of different types.

• Regilete: It is the typical saggy dart that can be built in a homemade way and whose use is playable for children. Basically it is an elongated cylindrical rod or support of small radius on which end a tip is placed and on the other a loosening system, or wings in the form of a cross (typically 4 wings, although it also works very balanced with three). It is projected with the hand, and following the conditions of the ballistics, therefore following a curved shot, that every child who has played with stones should know (at least their practice, if not their theory).

• Dart: Small long and sharp instrument with 3 or 4 wings formed by feathers (originally) in cultures and by papyrus or animal guts (like the drum) or similar in other cultures. Its function was primarily hunting or war, and was projected with instruments conducive to the final destination. The cerbatana was one of the most common ones, which operated through a strong air current exercised by the soup of the mouth. Often darts were poisoned, (between the Amazonian tribes with healing) so that their effects were deadly, on other occasions it was simply a numbing product. Today the use is sporty and are manufactured in plastic, metallic and fiber materials, and have a somewhat larger size. Its projection must be by a tense shot, so it must reach a great speed at all the time of its journey, limiting its launch distance. Its loosening gives it the desired stability. The spear is not included in this category, because although it is transported through the air, it cannot be considered that it flies, like the regilet, shares a curved shot, but because of its weight it is not considered in this category. The same can be said of the arrow, the javelin and the arrow that would go best in an exclusive section of conventional shells, within an even greater category as the armament.

Space Vehicles

Human Spacecraft

The Command/Service module of Apollo 15 seen from the Lunar Module on August 2, 1971.

Orbital

• Spaceship Apollo
• Gemini spaceship
• International Space Station
• Spaceship Mercury
• Maniobra Tripulada Unit
• Mir
• Salyut
• Burán ferry
• Spaceship Shenzhou
• Skylab
• Spaceship Soyuz
• Space shuttle
• Spaceship Voskhod
• Spaceship Vostok

Suborbital

• SpaceShipOne (commercial) suborbital
• X-15 suborbital

Unmanned Spacecraft

Hubble Space Telescope.

July Verne approaching the International Space Station on Monday, March 31, 2008.

Space shuttle during a smooth landing.

Artistic conception of the Cassini probe in its insertion manoeuvre in orbit around Saturn.

Ground orbit

• Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV)—A European unmanned cargo spacecraft
• Soviet Shuttle (one mission, not reusable)
• Explorer 1—First Satellite of the United States of America
• Progress—Spa spaceship to load USSR/Unmanned Russia
• SCORE—First Communications Satellite
• SOHOAglas of your name in English "Solar and Heliospheric Observatory"
• Sputnik 1—The first artificial satellite in the world
• Sputnik 2—Prime animal in orbit (Laika)
• Sputnik 5—The first capsule recovered from orbit with survivors (Vostok precursor)
• STEREO—Environmental observation of land
• Syncom—First Geosynchronous Communications Satellite

Lunar

• Clementine—Mission of the Navy of the United States of America, orbit the moon, detect hydrogen at the poles
• Moon 1—First Moon Flight
• Moon 2—First contact with the lunar surface
• Moon 3—First Pictures of the Dark Side of the Moon
• Moon 9—Primer Alunizaje
• Moon 10—First stable lunar orbit
• Moon 16—First collection of unmanned lunar surface samples
• Lunar Orbiter—A series of very successful spacecraft that mapped the Moon
• Lunar Prospector—Confirms Hydrogen Detection at Lunar Poles
• SMART-1 ESA — Lunar Impact
• Surveyor—First Alunizaje of the United States of America
• Chandrayaan 1 — India’s first lunar mission

Interplanetary

• Cassini-Huygens— Saturn's first artificial satellite and landing on its moon Titan
• Galileo—Jupiter’s first artificial satellite and probe
• Mariner 4—First approach to Mars, first close images and high resolution of Mars
• Mariner 9—Mars' first artificial satellite
• Mariner 10—First Detailed Photographs of Mercury
• Mars Exploration Rover—A motorized probe in Mars
• Mars Global Surveyor—An Artificial Satellite in Mars
• Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter—An advanced artificial climate monitor satellite, with photographic and underground radar and telecommunications capabilities in Marte
• MESSENGER—First Mercury Satellite (in 2011)
• Mars Pathfinder—A motorized probe in Mars
• New Horizons—First Approach to Pluto (taken in 2015)
• Pioneer 10—First approach and photos of Jupiter's bottled photos
• Pioneer 11—Second approach to Jupiter and first approach to Saturn
• Pioneer Venus—First artificial satellite and Venus surface probe
• Venera 4—First controlled descent to the surface of another planet (Venus)
• Viking 1—First controlled descent to the surface of Mars
• Voyager 2—About Jupiter, Saturn, and First Approach and Detailed Photographs to Neptune and Uranus

Others — Deep Space

• Cluster
• Deep Space 1
• Deep Impact
• Genesis
• Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous
• Stardust
• WMAP

The fastest spacecraft

• Helios Solar probes I and II (252792 km/h)

The most remote spacecraft in the Sun

• Voyager 1 at 135 AU In June 2016, moving away at a speed close to 3.6 UA per year
• Pioneer 10 at 89.7 AU In 2005, moving away at a speed close to 2.6 UA per year
• Voyager 2 at 85.49 AU In July 2008, moving away at a speed close to 3.3 AU a year

The Heaviest Spacecraft

• NASA Space Shuttle (109000 kg/ton)

Animal-drawn vehicles

1. Literature
2. Horse car
3. Car
4. Sleigh
5. Caravan
6. Cuadriga
7. Carromato
8. Carreton
9. Carrio
10. Diligence
11. Truck
12. Carriage
13. Carreta

Category

There is a vehicle classification in the European Union: L, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, M, M1, M2, M3, N, N1, N2, N3, O, O1, O2, O3, O4.

For example:

• Category M: Motor vehicles for transporting people and having at least four wheels.
• Category M1: Vehicles for the transport of people who have, in addition to the driver's seat, eight places sitting maximum.

Regulation

European Union

• Commission Regulation (EC) No. 706/2007 of 21 June 2007 establishing, in accordance with Directive 2006/40/EC of the European Parliament and the Council, administrative arrangements for the certification of type of vehicles and a harmonized test to measure the leaks of certain air conditioning systems.

• Regulation (EC) No. 715/2007 of the European Parliament and the Council of 20 June 2007 on the approval of the type of motor vehicles in terms of emissions from tourism and light commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to information concerning the repair and maintenance of vehicles.

• Commission Directive 2006/119/EC of 27 November 2006 amending the Directive 2001/56/CE of the European Parliament and the Council on the heating systems of motor vehicles and their trailers.

• Commission Directive 2006/120/EC of 27 November 2006 amending and amending Directive 2005/30/EC amending, with a view to adapting them to technical progress, Directives 97/24/EC and 2002/24/EC of the European Parliament and the Council on the approval of two- or three-wheeled motor vehicles.

• Commission Directive 2007/15/CE of 14 March 2007, amending, in order to adapt it to technical progress, annex I to Council Directive 74/483/EEC on the external outgoings of motor vehicles.

• Commission Directive 2007/34/EC of 14 June 2007, amending the Council Directive 70/157/EEC on the admissible sound level and the exhaust device of motor vehicles for adaptation to technical progress.

• Commission Directive 2007/35/EC of 18 June 2007 amending the Council ' s Directive 76/756/EEC on the installation of lighting devices and signalling of motor vehicles and their trailers.

• Commission Directive 2007/37/EC of 21 June 2007, amending Council Directive 70/156/EEC, annexes I and III, on the approximation of the laws of member States on the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.

• Regulation No. 123 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) - Uniform provisions relating to the approval of adaptable front lighting systems (AFS) for automobile vehicles.

• Regulation No. 124 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)- Uniform requirements for the approval of wheels for passenger vehicles and their trailers.

Spain

The homologation of vehicles is regulated in Spain by Royal Decree 2028/1986, of June 6, on the rules for the application of certain EC directives, relating to the homologation of types of motor vehicles, trailers, semi-trailers, motorcycles, mopeds and agricultural vehicles, as well as parts and pieces of said vehicles.

The Spanish regulation (Order ITC/2948/2007, of September 27) transposes the community norms and regulations of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (CEPE/ONU), derived from the Geneva Agreement of March 20 from 1958.

On the other hand, there are two recognized laboratories in Spain in type approval:

• IDIADA in Tarragona.
• INTA in Madrid, under the Ministry of Defence.

In addition, other laboratories recognized in the European Union can be used for SVA (single vehicle approval) tests.