V millennium BC c.

The 5th millennium BC. C. began on January 1, 5000 B.C. C. and ended on December 31, 4001 B.C. c.

See the spread of Near Eastern agriculture throughout southern and central Europe. In the urban cultures of Mesopotamia and Anatolia, the wheel is invented. Increasingly common copper ornaments, marking the Chalcolithic period. Livestock farming expands throughout Eurasia, reaching China. Over the millennium the world population grows slightly, perhaps 5 to 7 million people.

Events

The two sister cultures Cucuteni and Tripillia.

Century L a. C

• 5000-4900 B.C.: nomadic groups are established in the Nile River valley (Africa River that is born in Lake Victoria and flows into the Mediterranean Sea). They were grouped in tribes and subsequently in villages.
• In today's Iraq a writing system, possibly ideological.
• In the Vincha (Serbia) culture, the “ Vinča writing” is developed and Tartaria (Romania) tables are written.
• In Southeast Asia, rice cultivation begins. It will later be exported to the valley of the river Ganges (India).
• Agriculture reaches the Atlantic coast of Europe (from the Middle East). The Neolithic on the Iberian peninsula is estimated to start at 5000 a. C.
• In Central America and Mexico the cultivation of corn is being developed.
• On the island of Malta, neolytic farmers — possibly immigrants from the Sicilian region of Agrigento — enter the G).ar Dalam phase (up to 4500 BC).
• The Peron Antigua transgression begins, a warm period that will dominate this entire millennium.
• The protoindo-European language, probably in the culture of Samara in the area of Ukraine (north of the Caspian Sea) or in the Balkans, begins to be spoken.
• In China the culture of Yangshao begins.
• The ancestors of the Phoenician founded Biblos (30 km north of the present Beirut, Lebanon).
• Development of the wheel in Mesopotamia and India.

XLIX century BC. C

• Circular wells are constructed in Eastern Europe (up to 4600 BC).
• 4860 B.C.: in Oregon (USA) the Mazama Mount collapses, forming a boiler that will later be filled with water and become the Lake of the Cráter, the deepest in that region. It is considered to be the eruption in the largest Holocene (force 7) in this mountain range.
• In Tesalia and the west and center of Macedonia the Dimini culture (up to 4000 BC) is spread, gradually replacing the Sesklo culture.
• In the southern part of the current Iraq, Eridu was founded.

Forty-seventh century BC. C

• 4700: In Britain (France), Great Britain and Ireland begins the Stonehenge Stones culture (up to 2000 BC).

Forty-sixth century BC. C

• 4570 BC: in the Nile (Egypt) the Merimde culture begins (up to 4250 BC).
• In Europe the plow is introduced (or invented).
• In China the aquatic buffalo is tamed.
• 4500 BC: on the Iberian peninsula begins the Middle Epicardial Neolithic. Carihuela cave.
• 4500 BC: in Europe the final Neolithic is developed. Trade begins to spread.
• 4500 B.C.: In Turkey the villages of Catal Huyuk, Çayönü Tepesi are founded.

XLV century BC. C

• Mesopotamia and Juzestan (see Sialk) develops the civilization of Susa and Kish (Sumeria).
• On the island of Malta, Neolithic culture passes to the Skorba Red and Grey phases; they produce the oldest examples of figurines of goddess, made with clay cooked (up to 4100 BC).
• In Cyprus, the IA (aceramic) neolytic culture ends and in Chirokitia (south of the island) human settlements begin.
• 4400 to 4100 B.C.: In the archaeological site of the Necropolis of Varna (current province of Varna, Bulgaria) the culture of Varna is developed, leaving the oldest gold works in the world.
• In Cucuteni-Trypillia (Ukraine) culture, the village Tripilia is founded, which will have up to 15,000 inhabitants.

Forty-fourth century BC. C

• In the Nile, the Malariense (predinastic) culture is developed. Up to 4000 a. C.
• 4350 BC: In Egypt the predynatic period begins.

XLIII century BC. C

• The star Theta Bootis becomes the visible star closest to the north-west pole. It will be the closest until 3942 BC, when it will begin to be replaced by Thuban star.
• The first megalithic tombs are built in Western Europe.
• 4250-3750 B.C.: Menec (Carnac, France) is built Menhir alignments.
• 4220 B.C.: in Quiani, near Arica (north of Chile) begins the first human occupation.
• 4200 B.C.: In Naalebinding (Denmark), mesolytic examples are produced that demonstrate the diffusion of technology in northern Europe (according to Bender, 1990).

XLII century B.C. C

• 4121 BC: the Egyptian calendar is written, according to the calculations of Eduard Meyer about the Sothis cycle. This would be the first date recorded in the history of humanity.
• On the island of Malta there is a new wave of immigration from the island of Sicily: Żebbu phases, M screeningarr and stakeholdergantija of temple builders (up to 3500 BC).

XLI century BC. C

• In the villages of Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq), more complex societies begin to form for the first time, with hierarchies of kings and priests.
• The Indo-Europeans of Russia spread westward to (Europe) and south to (Iran).
• 4004 B.C. (22 October): at dusk according to the calculations (based on Genesis Biblical) of the Northern Irish archbishop James Ussher (1581-1656)—the Jewish god Yahweh creates the world.
• 4000 BC: Farmers arrive in Britania.
• Iraq is invaded and populated by the Sumerians. They founded cities that are constituted in independent States. The main one of them was Ur.
• In Iraq the loom is created, a tool that allows the size of the tissues to be expanded.
• The oldest known metal artifacts are manufactured in Egypt: hammered copper needles.

Cultures

• Vinča culture (from the sixth to the third millennium).
• Literature Linear (from the sixth to the fifth millennium).
• Comb Culture of Ceramics (from the sixth to the third millennium).
• Ertebølle culture (from the fifth to the third millennium).
• Cucuteni Culture in Central Europe.
• Ertebölliense culture (fifth to the third millennium).
• Culture Cortaillod.
• Hembury Culture.
• Full Jōmon period in Japan.
• Calcolytic cultures Sredny Stog (Ukraine, North of the Black Sea), Samara and Maikop are candidates for protoindo-European.