University of Uppsala
The Uppsala University (Swedish: Uppsala universitet) is a university located in the city of Uppsala, Sweden, and is the oldest university in Scandinavia., having been founded in 1477. It is consistently ranked among the best universities in Northern Europe, and is generally regarded as one of the most prestigious higher education institutions in the old continent.
The university achieved a prominent role during the development of the Swedish Empire in the late 16th century, later gaining some stability from a large donation from King Gustav II in the early 17th century century. Uppsala also represents an important historical site for Swedish culture and national identity, and even for the emergence of the current nation, be it in terms of historiography, literature, politics, and music. Many aspects of the country's academic culture originated in Uppsala, such as the white cap.
Uppsala University belongs to the Coimbra Group of European universities. This institution has 9 faculties distributed in three "disciplinary domains": the first corresponds to humanities and social sciences; the second to the areas of medicine and pharmacy; and finally, the last one covers the science and technology sectors. It has about 20,000 full-time students, and about 2,000 PhD students. On the other hand, it has an academic staff of 3,600 professors and researchers, out of a total of 5,500 employees.
Its annual budget is around 4.3 billion Swedish crowns on average, which would be equivalent to approximately 715 million dollars, of which about 60% goes to undergraduate studies and research.
In terms of architecture, Uppsala University has traditionally had a strong presence in the area surrounding the city's cathedral, on the west side of the Fyris River. Despite the development of more modern buildings and constructions far from the center, the historical center of the city is still dominated by the presence of the university.
History
Origins, crisis and restoration (1477-1600)
Uppsala University was founded in 1477, becoming the first Scandinavian university. The initiative in the matter is attributed to the Archbishop of the Swedish Catholic Church, Jakob Ulvsson. The new house of studies was small, having a maximum of 50 students and several teachers. The university began to decline in the first decade of the 16th century due to the political conflicts of the time.
Between 1520 and 1530, the new Swedish monarch Gustav I carried out the Lutheran reform, which meant that the university, dependent on the Catholic Church, lost its economic and ideological base.
However, this situation changed at the end of the 16th century, when the Protestant clergy had gained a solid hold on the teaching religion and felt the need to focus on studies from a more academic approach, to counteract the Catholic reform. This is why in 1593, in the synod of the Lutheran Church, it was decided to restore the privileges of the institution. The new decree was signed on March 15, 1595.
The 17th century
During the reign of Gustav II Adolf, which lasted from 1611 to 1632, Sweden established itself as a leading military power in Northern Europe, and also developed as an advanced bureaucratic state; therefore, the kingdom needed competent officials. Together with his main adviser, Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna, Gustavo II provided many subsidies to the university, both financially and administratively. In particular, he made a donation of more than 300 rooms to the house of studies, which are still managed by this institution. Professors from abroad came to the university, and the number of students increased. During this time, the system of university nations was imported from the medieval universities of the continent, which meant that students from the same region came together to collaborate and help each other, and also to have a social life. This system persists to this day in this house of studies.
Between the 1660s and 1670s, the institution was dominated by Olaus Rudbeck, a Swedish scientist and writer, who was also a professor of medicine at the university. Rudbeck was a highly versatile scholar, and he was a person who enjoyed experimenting. Among his achievements we can find the extraordinary anatomical theater, which he erected on top of the new university building called the Gustavianum, which today is a museum dedicated to the history of science and ideas.
The age of freedom, the 18th century
Carlos Linnaeus, a leading Swedish scientist, naturalist, botanist and zoologist, who became a professor at the university in 1741 after studying in his home country and the Netherlands, is the name that dominates the century XVIII. Thanks to him, many students from all over Europe emigrated to study in Uppsala. Linnaeus sent his own students on research expeditions to different parts of the world, such as Japan, South Africa, and Australia. Thus, already in the middle of the century, there was a flowering of the natural sciences in the university. In addition, also deserving mention besides Linnaeus we can find scholars like Anders Berch, Swedish economist; Anders Celsius, the astronomer who designed the world's most widely used temperature measurement scale; or Torbern Bergman, chemist and former professor at the university.
At the end of the century, King Gustav III (1771-1792) took an energetic interest in this house of studies. One of the ways in which he demonstrated this interest was the donation of an extensive garden belonging to the Royal Castle of Uppsala. Since then, this extension of land has been known as the botanical garden of the university, which was erected in memory of Linnaeus and in honor of Gustav III.
The period of romanticism (1800-1877)
The 19th century has been called "the century of students" in Uppsala. Previously, the students had been a rather anonymous group, but under the doctrines of the French Revolution and with the growing importance, independence, and self-esteem of the educated upper-middle class, the students gradually became more involved in political affairs, and also counted for more. in public opinion. In the middle of the century, Scandinavian nationalist tendencies also had a strong influence on the students, which was felt both in Uppsala and in other university cities.
If the 18th century was that of the natural sciences, the 19th century was the age of historians, literary scholars, and writers; so much so that a statue was built in front of the main building in honor of the most outstanding of these illustrators, the historian Erik Gustaf Geijer. Many changes occurred in the middle of the century, which reformed the organization of the university, and updated the examination system.
The transition to the New Age (1877-1945)
Uppsala University solemnly celebrated its fortieth anniversary in the year 1877. As a gift from the Swedish state, on this occasion, the university received a new building, which is still in use, although it was officially inaugurated ten years later in the year 1887.
Women were allowed to study at the University beginning in the 1870s. However, it was a long and arduous struggle for women studying in Uppsala to gain equal recognition in their studies and academic careers. The first woman in Scandinavia to receive a doctoral degree in research was historian Ellen Fries, who received her degree from Uppsala University in 1833.
During this period, the university was home to many prominent scholars, some of whom were Nobel Prize laureates. Alfred Nobel even received an honorary doctorate degree from the university in 1893.
Expansion at the end of the 20th century
This period is characterized by a series of changes including sweeping educational reforms and the radical expansion of student numbers. In the 1950s, the university had around 5,000 students, growing dramatically over the next ten years to 20,000 students in total. In the 1990s a new expansion took place, with more than 30,000 undergraduate students in total enrolled in the house of studies.
The vigorous growth of the university has implied a need for new premises for education and research. While in the 1950s the university activities were concentrated in the central house, located near the cathedral, today the institution spreads over vast areas, with multi and interdisciplinary campuses.
At the same time, external financing has also gained ground. Intensive contact with the surrounding world, both nationally and internationally, broaden the role of the university in the global academic community.
Campus
The buildings and location of the university are listed below. Some of the University's historic buildings in the center of Uppsala have had to change as their historical protection status makes it impossible to carry out the modifications and refurbishment necessary for disabled access.
University Park and Cathedral area
- Gustavianum
- Old Consistory Building
- University Hall
- Home Ekerman
- Julinsköld Palace
- Skytteanum
- Casa Oxenstierna House (Juridicum)
- Regnellianum
- Carolina Rediviva
West of Uppsala City Center
- Centre for Humanities (Includes Language Studies Center)
- Evolutionary Biology Centre and Evolution Centre for Evolutionary Biology (EBC) including the Museum of Evolution
- Botanic Garden of the University of Uppsala
Others located in the center of Uppsala
- Theatrum Oeconomicum and Gamla Torget ("The Old Forum")
- Observatory Park
- Economic Sciences Centre (Ekonomikum)
- Linnaeus Garden
- House and observatory of Anders Celsius
South of central Uppsala
- University Hospital of Uppsala
- Laboratory Rudbeck
- Uppsala Biomedical Center (BMC)
- Geo Centre
- Technological Information Centre (ITC) Pollax
- Laboratory Ångström
The university in international rankings
Uppsala University is consistently regarded as one of the most prestigious universities in Europe and the country. The academic classification of world universities developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University places the university at the second national level, after the Karolinska Institute medical university, ranking 66th worldwide and eighteenth at the continental level.
The British magazine Times Higher Education University Rankings ranks the university second nationally and ranks it 71-80 globally.
Featured Characters
Teachers and researchers
- Olaus Rudbeck (1630–1702), anatomist.
- Anders Celsius (1701–1744), astronomer.
- Carlos Linneo (1707-1778), botanist, doctor and zoologist.
- Erik Gustaf Geijer (1783–1847), historian and writer.
- Anders Jonas Ångström (1814-1874), physical and astronomer
- Allvar Gullstrand (1862–1930), ophthalmologist and researcher.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1911. - Erik Axel Karlfeldt (1864–1931), poet. Nobel Prize in Literature, 1931.
- Nathan Söderblom (1866–1931), clergyman and Archbishop of Upsala. Nobel Peace Prize, 1930.
- Axel Hägerström (1868–1939), philosopher and jurist.
- Ernst Trygger (1857–1943), jurist, professor, conservative politician and prime minister of Sweden.
- Robert Bárány (1876–1936), doctor. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1914.
- Theodor Svedberg (1884–1971), chemical. Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1926.
- Manne Siegbahn (1886–1978), physical. Nobel Prize in Physics, 1924.
- Alva Myrdal (1902–1986), politics and sociologist. Nobel Peace Prize, 1982.
- Arne Tiselius (1902–1971), biochemical and professor. Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1948.
- Hugo Theorell (1903–1982), doctor and scientist. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1955.
- Kai Siegbahn (1918–2007), physical. Nobel Prize in Physics, 1981.
Alumni
- Carl Michael Bellman (1740–1795), poet, singer, and troubadour.
- Carl Jonas Love Almqvist (1793–1866), poet and composer.
- Lars Levi Læstadius (1800–1861), priest, writer and botanist.
- August Strindberg (1849–1912), playwright, novelist and writer.
- Svante August Arrhenius (1859–1927), scientific, physical and chemical. Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1903.
- Hjalmar Branting (1860–1925), a politician and prime minister of Sweden. Nobel Peace Prize, 1921.
- Gustaf Fröding (1860–1911), outstanding Swedish writer and poet.
- Pär Fabien Lagerkvist (1891–1974), writer. Nobel Prize in Literature, 1951.
- Karin Boye (1900–1941), poet and novelist.
- Dag Hammarskjöld (1905–1961), diplomat, economist and writer. Nobel Peace Prize, 1961.
- Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995), electrical and physical engineer. Nobel Prize in Physics, 1970.
Gallery
Carlos Linneo, founder of modern taxonomy and one of the parents of ecology.
Anders Celsius, physical and astronomer creator of the Celsius grade.
Olaus Rudbeck, one of the discoverers of the lymph system.
Allvar Gullstrand, contributor to clinical and surgical ophthalmology.
Robert Bárány, pioneer in treating bullet wounds in the brain during World War I.
Svante Arrhenius, recognized as one of the physicochemical parents.
Carl Michael Bellman, Swedish poet and songwriter, of great influence in national literature.
Arne Tiselius, biochemical and researcher of the nature of blood plasma.
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