Tubingen

Tubinga (in German): Tübingen, pronunciation: /хty felt like the (?·i)) is a university town rich in traditions, located on the banks of the river Neckar, and almost 40 km south of Stuttgart, in the German federated state of Baden-Wurtemberg. The city is the administrative headquarters of the Tubinga district and the government district of the same name and was the capital of Württemberg-Hohenzollern from 1947 to 1952. It belongs to the Neckar-Alb region and the European metropolitan region of Stuttgart. Together with the neighboring city of Reutlingen, it forms one of the 14 regional centres in the country.

After the end of World War II, part of the French occupation army was stationed in the city until 1990.

Life in the city is dominated by its 22,219 students (summer semester 2007), of whom approximately 15,000 lived in the city. Hence Tübingen is the city with the lowest average age in Germany. In addition, in a classification carried out in 1995 by Focus magazine, Tübingen was ranked as the German city with the best quality of life.

History

The prestigious University of Tübingen, where Johannes Kepler studied, was founded in 1477.

In 1946, after the end of World War II in Europe, the French occupation forces made Tübingen the capital of Württemberg-Hohenzollern, until in 1949 it became part of the new state of Baden-Württemberg. Tübingen remained a French garrison town until the 1990s. French soldiers helped shape the urban landscape. In addition to the three Tübingen barracks, the French garrison used numerous residential buildings, particularly in the southern part of the city.

Despite not being strategically bombed during World War II, living conditions in Tübingen were difficult in the months after the conflict.

Politics

In the municipal elections of October 22, 2006, with a participation of 51.6%, Boris Palmer (Alliance 90/Los Verdes) was elected as the new mayor with 50.4% of the votes in the first vote. He took office on January 11, 2007. In the October 19, 2014 election, Palmer was confirmed in office with 61.7% of the vote on the first ballot with a 55.0% turnout. Challenger Beatrice Soltys, supported by the Christian Democratic Union of Germany and the Free Democratic Party, achieved 33.2%.

Geography

Tübingen lies in the middle of the Neckar Valley, between the Black Forest and the Swabian Alb. At Tubunga, the Goldersbach river flows into the Ammer, which flows into the Neckar just like the Steinlach river. In the center of the city are the Schlossberg and Österberg mountains, on the outskirts are other mountains such as the Schnarrenberg and the 475 m high Spitzberg. The lowest point of the Tubunga city area is 307 meters above sea level.

Demographics

In the Middle Ages and early modern times, Tübingen had a few thousand inhabitants. The population grew slowly and decreased again and again due to numerous wars, epidemics, and famines. So, plague epidemics in 1348 and during the Thirty Years' War in 1634 and 1635 killed many people. It was only with the onset of industrialization in the 19th century that population growth accelerated. In 1818 there were only &&&&&&&&&&&07500.&&&&&07500 people in the city, in 1900 there were already &&&&&&&&&&015000.&&&&&015,000. By 1939 the population had doubled to &&&&&&&&&&030000.&&&&&030,000. Due to the addition of eight smaller neighboring communities in the early 1970s, the population grew from &&&&&&&&&&055000.&&&&&055,000 in 1970 to &&&&&&&&&&070000.&&&&&070,000 in 1973. In 2007, The &&&&&&&&&&085344.&&&&&085,344 inhabitants were on average just 38.3 years old, making Tübingen the youngest city in Germany.

Economy

Tübingen, like the rest of the region, enjoys the benefits of the highly industrialized state and especially its capital Stuttgart. This sector of Germany has one of the most vigorous economies in the European Union (EU).

Tübingen's economy is shaped by public service. The largest employers are the university and the clinic.

Transportation

In Tübingen, an offer of free public transport has been experimented with. In 2019 the free use was only valid on Saturdays.

Research

Since 2010, Tübingen has the first center for the treatment and research of rare diseases in Germany. Based at the Baden-Württemberg University Clinic in Tübingen, the center aims to offer medical treatment and intensive care of those affected.

Education

Culture

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The old streets of Tübingen are home to medieval half-timbered houses of different colors. Various houses from the 15th century and XVI surround the Tübingen market square, where the oldest building is the town hall, built in 1435.

The Gothic-style collegiate church is located in the historic center. Its tower seems too short, since it was probably not completed. Inside is the tomb of the rulers of Wurtemberg.

Hohentübingen Castle is home to the 'Old Cultures' Museum, whose most notable exhibit is a wild horse up close to &&&&&;&&&&&040000.&&&&&040,000 years old made of mammoth ivory. It is one of the oldest works of art of humanity, being declared a World Heritage Site by Unesco in 2017. The castle, located 372 meters high, is part of the university and from there you can see a general view of the city: the surrounding vegetation, its red roofs and the river.

The Hölderin Tower, with its characteristic yellow color, is located on the banks of the Neckar river and was for several years and, until his death, the place of residence of the romantic poet Friedrich Hölderlin, for which reason it houses a museum dedicated to his memory.

Religion

In Tübingen in 2000, a total of 44.0% of the inhabitants were Protestants, 25.9% Catholics, and 30.1% belonged to another religious community or were non-denominational. 18 years later (as of December 31, 2018), a total 30,658 or 33.8% of the population in Tübingen were Protestants, 20,398 or 22.5% Catholic, and the largest group at 39,534 (43.6%) belonged to another religious community or were non-denominational.

Links with Latin America

This student city has numerous contacts with the Latin American region. Several of its faculties have specializations in this region (such as Geography, Political Science and Economics). There are also a large number of Latin American students thanks to the numerous agreements and exchange programs with other universities. This also materializes in numerous social, cultural and political activities related to Latin American countries. Tübingen was until 2004 the headquarters of the famous Open Air "Viva Afro-Brasil", the largest festival of its kind in Europe (due to organizational problems, since 2005 it has been held in Stuttgart). The Latino Film Festival is also held annually.

Sports

The city is home to Tigers Tübingen, a professional basketball club that plays in the ProA (Basketball Bundesliga), the second division of German basketball. It plays its matches at the Paul Horn-Arena, with capacity for &&&&&&&&&&&03132.&&&&&03132 viewers.