Trochilinae
The troquilinos (Trochilinae) are a subfamily of apodiform birds of the family Trochilidae, commonly known as hummingbirds, hummingbirds, quinchas, quindes, tucusitos, chupamirtos, chuparrosas, huitzitzilin (in Nahuatl), mainumby (in Guarani) or guanumby . Together with the hermitages, which belong to the Phaethornithinae subfamily, they make up the Trochilidae family which, in Charles Sibley's systematics, is classified in its own order: Trochiliformes, independent of the swifts of the Apodiformes order. The Trochilinae subfamily includes more than 100 genera comprising a total of 330 to 340 species.
These birds are native to the American continent. They were once killed by the thousands to decorate women's hats, possibly leading to the extermination of several species.
Hummingbirds are among the smallest birds that exist. The smallest species is the zunzuncito hummingbird or elf of bees (Mellisuga helenae), which with its beak and tail measures just a few 5.5 centimeters, exclusive to Cuba. The largest species, the so-called giant hummingbird (Patagona gigas), measures about 25 cm. Most hummingbirds have very colorful plumage, usually metallic green. The male's neck is often bright red, blue, or emerald green. A special feature of hummingbirds is the beak, which almost always varies from species to species. The sword-billed hummingbird (Ensifera ensifera), for example, has a bill almost as long as its body, about 10 cm in length.
The Ramphomicron microrhynchum has a beak of just 5 mm. The eagle-billed hummingbird (Eutoxeres) has a sharply downward-curving bill, while the Avocettula recurvirostris hummingbird has an upward-curving bill. Each beak represents a specialization to a specific type of flower that allows the hummingbird in question to occupy its particular ecological niche and thus avoid fighting with other species.
Its tongue is long, can be extended greatly, is split at the tip, and is trunk-shaped, which allows it to suck nectar easily.
Typical hummingbirds (subfamily Trochilinae) differ from hermit hummingbirds (subfamily Phaethornithinae) because the latter have the three front toes joined at the base and possess extremely elongated tail feathers. On the other hand, those of the Trochilinae subfamily have separated fingers and their direction fins are not elongated.
Distribution and habitat
Hummingbirds live in the Americas, from Alaska to the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. There is great diversity in almost the entire Central American isthmus, Colombia, and Venezuela. The country with the greatest diversity of this species is Ecuador, which has 132 species, equivalent to 40% of the world total; however, the country with the highest number of these is Colombia, with up to 165 species throughout its territory.
Its habitats are various, among which we can mention are the páramos, the mangroves, the savannahs; but most live in rainforests.
Food
Hummingbirds feed mainly on flower nectar to obtain the calories that allow them to fly, in this way they also help in the pollination of plants, distributing their pollen from flower to flower; proteins are obtained from small insects and spiders. This diet, rich in energy because it is made of simple sugars, is what enables its high-energy consumption style of flight. Hummingbirds are especially attracted to bright red or orange flowers.
Although hummingbirds feed mainly on flower nectar, they supplement their diet with small insects and spiders that they catch when they visit the flower.
Hummingbirds and the plants they feed on have a close coevolutionary association, generally known as the plant-bird mutualistic system. These birds show a high specialization and modularity, especially in communities with high species richness. These associations are also observed when hummingbirds of closely related taxa, for example two species of the same genus, visit different sets of flower species. Similar associations can also be observed in host-parasite networks.
Playback
To arouse the female's interest, the male performs a dance. After the females have been fertilized, they build a small nest lined with spider webs, cotton, lichen or moss. The nest is often built in a low bush. The female lays two eggs in a two-day period and incubates them for 14-19 days. While incubating, they are aggressively territorial and prevent the snooping of other birds, even of the same species, in the vicinity of the nest. The hummingbirds then feed their young for about three to four weeks. The female goes to the nest at this time up to 140 times a day to feed her young.
Predators
Predators include praying mantises, tarantulas, hawks, great roadrunners, and occasionally cats and bats.
Type of hummingbird
- Subfamily Trochilinae; then genders and species
- Abeillia
- Abeillia abeilleiAbeillé hummingbird
- Adelomyia
- Adelomyia melanogenys, humming jasper
- Aglaeactis
- Aglaeactis aliciae, Alicia hummingbird
- Aglaeactis castelnaudii, hummingbird decorated
- Aglaeactis coupripennis, humming cobrizo
- Aglaeactis pamela, hummingbird black
- Aglaiocercus
- Aglaiocercus coelestis, celestial silf
- Aglaiocercus berlepschiBerlepsch silfo
- Aglaiocercus kingiKing's silhouette
- Agyrtria
- Agyrtria candidaAmazilia Candida
- Agyrtria cyanocephalaAmazilia Coroniazul
- Agyrtria brevirostrisAmazilia pechiblanca
- Agyrtria franciae, Andean Amazon
- Agyrtria leucogaster, amazilia ventriblanca
- Agyrtria rondoniaeAmazilia de Rondonia
- Agyrtria versicolor, amazilia versicolor
- Agyrtria violicepsAmazilia coroniviolet
- Agyrtria viridifrons, amazilia frentiverde
Collibrian chicken (Bogotá, Colombia).
- Amazilia
- Amazilia alticolaLoja Amazilia
- Amazilia AmaziliaCoastal Amazon
- Amazilia castaneiventris, amazilia ventricstaña
- Amazilia luciae, emerald hummingbird of Honduras
- Amazilia rutilaAmazilia Cinnamon
- Amazilia tzacatlAmazilia tzacatl
- Amazilia yucatanensisAmazilia yucateca
- Androdon
- Androdon aequatorialis, piquident hummingbird
- Anthocephala
- Anthocephala floriceps, flower hummingbird
- Anthracothorax
- Anthracothorax dominicus, mango antillano
- Anthracothorax mangoJamaican mango
- Anthracothorax nigricollis, mango gorginegro
- Anthracothorax prevostii, mango pechiverde
- Anthracothorax recurvirostris, mango picolezna
- Anthracothorax veraguensis, mango de Veragua
- Anthracothorax viridigula, mango gorgiverde
- Anthracothorax viridisPorto Rican mango
- Archilochus
- Archilochus alexandri, hummingbird gorginegro
- Archilochus colubris, hummingbird gorgirrubí
- Atthis
- Atthis ellioti, Elliot hummingbird
- Atthis heloisa, hummingbird of Eloísa
- Augastes
- Augastes geoffroyi, hummingbird
- Augastes lumachella, hummingbird lumaquela
- Augastes scutatus, humming coloceleste
- Basilinna
- Basilinna leucotis, hummingbird
- Basilinna xantusii, Xantus hummingbird
- Boissonneaua
- Boissonneaua flavescens, colibrí colihabano
- Boissonneaua gardeni, humming seven colors
- Boissonneaua matthewsii, hummingbird
- Calliphlox
- Calliphlox amethystina, amethyst hummingbird
- Calliphlox bryantae, humming magenta
- Calliphlox evelynae, Bahamas hummingbird
- Calliphlox mitchelliiMitchell's hummingbird
- Calothorax
- Calothorax lucifer, hummingbird
- Calothorax pulcher, beautiful hummingbird
- Calypte
- Calypte anna, hummingbird of Ana
- Calypte costae, hummingbird from Costa
- Campylopterus
- Campylopterus cirrochloris, hummingbird off
- Campylopterus curvipennis, hummingbird
- Campylopterus cuvierii, Cuvier hummingbird
- Campylopterus duidae, Duida hummingbird
- Campylopterus ensipennis, hummingbird
- Campylopterus falcatus, humming lazulita
- Campylopterus hemileucurus, purple hummingbird
- Campylopterus hyperythrus, hummingbird Venezuelan reddish
- Campylopterus largipennis, hummingbirds
- Campylopterus macrourus, hummingbird swallow
- Campylopterus phainopeplus, hummingbird of Santa Marta
- Campylopterus rufusMexican reddish hummingbird
- Campylopterus villaviscensio, Napo hummingbird
- Chaetocercus
- Chaetocercus astreans, astral hummingbird
- Chaetocercus berlepschi, emerald hummingbird
- Chaetocercus bombus, humming beejorro
- Chaetocercus heliodor, hummingbird Heliodoro
- Chaetocercus jourdanii, hummingbird of Jourdan
- Chaetocercus mulsant, hummingbird of Mulsant
- Chalcostigma
- Chalcostigma herrani, hummingbird of Herran
- Chalcostigma heteropogon, humming picoespina
- Chalcostigma oliveceum, hummingbird oliváceo
- Chalcostigma ruficeps, hummingbird capirrufo
- Chalcostigma stanleyiStanley hummingbird
- Chalybura
- Chalybura buffoniiBuffon hummingbird
- Chalybura urochrysia, hummingbird
- Chlorostilbon
- Chlorostilbon alice, emerald coliverde
- Chlorostilbon aureoventris, ventridored emerald
- Chlorostilbon bracei †
- Chlorostilbon elegans †
- Chlorostilbon maugaeus, emerald portorriqueña
- Chlorostilbon mellisugus, emerald coliazul
- Chlorostilbon notatus, emerald gorgiazul
- Chlorostilbon oliveresi, emerald of Chiribiquete
- Chlorostilbon poortmani, emerald humming
- Chlorostilbon ricordii, emerald zunzún
- Chlorostilbon russatus, tanned emerald
- Chlorostilbon stenurus, emerald colifin
- Chlorostilbon swainsonii, Esmeralda de La Española
- Chrysolampis
- Chrysolampis mosquitus, humming ruby
- Chrysuronia
- Chrysuronia oenoneHummingbird sapphire
- Coeligena
- Coeligena bonaparteiInca ventridorado
- Coeligena coeligenaInca tan
- Coeligena eosInca alirrufo
- Coeligena heliantheaInca ventrivioleta
- Inca coelgenInca de Gould
- Coeligena iris, inca rainbow
- Coeligena lutetiaeInca alihabano
- Coeligena phalerata, inca coliblanco
- Coeligena prunellei, black inca
- Coeligena torquata, inca padding
- Coeligena wilsoniInca pardo
- Coeligena violifer, inca gorgimor
- Colibri
- Colibri coruscans, hummingbird
- Colibri delphinae, hummingbird
- Colibri serrirostris, hummingbird orejimorado
- Colibri thalassinus, hummingbird greenmar
- Clytolaema
- Clytolaema rubricauda, hummingbird
- Cyanophaia
- Cyanophaia bicolor, hummingbird bicolor
- Cynanthus
- Cynanthus latirostris, hummingbird
- Cynanthus sordidus, hummingbird prieto
- Damophila
- Damophila julieJulia hummingbird
- Discosure
- Discosura conversii, green chubby
- Discosura langsdorffi, rabudito ventrinegro
- Discosura letitiae, lubby cobrizo
- Longicauda Discosura, racket rabble
- Discosura popelairii, chubby crested
- Doricha
- Doricha eliza, elisa hummingbird
- Doricha enicura, hummingbird
- Doryfera
- Doryfera johannae, hummingbird smaller spike
- Doryfera ludovicae, hummingbird peak
- Elvira
- Elvira chionuraEmerald Elvira
- Elvira cupreiceps, emerald capirotada
- Ensifera
- Ensifera ensifera, humming it up
- Eriocnemis
- Eriocnemis alinae, bald pechiblanco
- Eriocnemis cupreoventrisOh, my God.
- Eriocnemis derbyiFucking skating.
- Eriocnemis glaucopoides, fried bald.
- Eriocnemis godiniYou fucking turquoise.
- Eriocnemis isabellaediscovered in 2005 in the jungles of Chocó (Colombia)
- Eriocnemis luciani, bald northern hummingbird
- Eriocnemis mirabilisOh, my God.
- Eriocnemis mosquera, Mosquera's ass
- Eriocnemis nigrivestis, sorcery pechinegro
- Eriocnemis sapphiropygia, bald Southern hull.
- Eriocnemis vestitus, shiny bald
- Eugenes
- Eugenes fulgens, magnificent hummingbird
- Eulampis
- Eulampis holosericeus, Caribbean hummingbird gorgiverde
- Eulampis jugularis, Caribbean hummingbird gorgimorado
- Eupherusa
- Eupherusa cyanophrys, hummingbird
- Eupherusa exempts, hummingbird
- Eupherusa nigriventris, hummingbird ventrinegro
- Eupherusa poliocerca, Guerrero hummingbird
- Florisuga
- Florisuga fusca, black hummingbird
- Florisuga mellivora, hummingbird
- Goethalsia
- Beautiful Goethalsia, hummingbird of the Pirre
- Goldmania julie
- Goldmania violicepsGoldman hummingbird
- Haplophaedia
- Haplophaedia assimilis, slick Southern greenish
- Haplophaedia aureliae, bald greenish greenish
- Haplophaedia lugens- Oh, my God.
- Heliactin
- Heliactin bilopha, hummingbird cornudito
- Heliangelus
- Heliangelus amethysticollis, hummingbird gorgiamatist
- Heliangelus clarisse, Clarissa hummingbird
- Heliangelus exortis, humming turmalin
- Heliangelus mavorsMars hummingbird
- Heliangelus micraster, hummingbird lucero
- Heliangelus royalis, royal hummingbird
- Heliangelus strophianus, pectoral hummingbird
- Heliangelus rapes, violet hummingbird
- Heliodoxa
- Heliodoxa aurescens, shiny hairy
- Heliodoxa branickii, shiny alican
- Heliodoxa gularis, shiny chubby
- Heliodoxa imperatrix, brilliant emperor
- Heliodoxa jacula, brilliant choirniverde
- Heliodoxa leadbeateri, brilliant frentiviolet
- Heliodoxa rubinoid, brilliant pechigamuza
- Heliodoxa schreibersii, brilliant vetrinegro
- Heliodoxa xanthogonys, shiny tepui
- Heliomaster
- Heliomaster constantii, humming pochotero
- Heliomaster furciferBarbijo hummingbird
- Heliomaster longirostris, hummingbird
- Heliomaster squamosus, squamous hummingbird
- Heliothryx
- Heliothryx aurita, hummingbird oriental fairy
- Heliothryx clayti, hummingbird Western fairy
- Hylocharis
- Hylocharis chrysuraBronze sapphire
- Hylocharis cyanus, sapphire gorgiblanco
- Hylocharis eliciae, Elicia sapphire
- Hylocharis grayiSapphire sapphire
- Hylocharis sapphirina, sapphire gorgirrojo
- Hylonympha
- Hylonympha macrocerca, hummingbird tijereta
- Klais
- Klais guimeti, colibrí cabeciazul
- Lafresnaya
- Lafresnaya lafresnayi, hummingbird velvet
- Lampornis
- Lampornis amethystinus, hummingbird
- Lampornis castaneoventris, variable hummingbird
- Lampornis clemenciae, hummingbird gorgiazul
- Lampornis hemileucus, humming gurgiviolet
- Lampornis sybillaeSibila hummingbird
- Lampornis viridipallens, hummingbird gorgiescamoso
- Lamprolaima
- Lamprolaima rhamiI humming alicastaño.
- Lepidopyga
- Lepidopyga coeruleogularis, hummingbird gorgizafiro
- Lepidopyga goudotiGoudot hummingbird
- Lepidopyga lilliae, hummingbird ventrizafiro
- Lesbia
- Lesbia nuna, hummingbird minor
- Lesbia Victoriae, hummingbird major
- Leucippus
- Leucippus baeri, Tumbes hummingbird
- Leucippus chionogaster, hummingbird
- Leucippus chlorocercus, hummingbird whiteioliva
- Leucippus fallaxI humming before
- Leucippus hypostictus, hummingbird mote
- Leucippus taczanowskiiTaczanowski hummingbird
- Leucippus viridicauda, hummingbird whiteiverde
- Leucochloris
- Leucochloris albicollis, hummingbird
- Loddigesia
- Loddigesia mirabilisadmirable hummingbird
- Lophornis
- Lophornis adorbilisLovely coquette
- Lophornis brachylophus, coqueta de Guerrero
- Lophornis chalybeus, green coquette
- Lophornis delattrei, coquette crestirrufa
- Lophornis gouldii, carpeted
- Lophornis helenae, crestinegra ball
- Lophornis magnificus, magnificent coquette
- Lophornis ornatus, decorated coquette
- Lophornis tuninus, turkey coquette
- Lophornis stictolophus, crowned coquette
- Mellisuga
- Mellisuga helenae, humming zunzuncito
- Minimum Mellisuga, hummingbird
- Metallura
- Metallura aeneocauda, squamous metalura
- Metallura baroniAzuay metalura
- Metallura eupogon, fireball metalura
- Metallura iracunda, iron metalura
- Metallura odomae, Chinguela metalura
- Metallura phoebe, black metal
- Metallura theresiae, Teresa's metalura
- Metallura tyrianthina, tiry metalura
- Metallura williami, green metalura
- Microchera
- Microchera albocoronata, colibrí coroniblanco
- Microstilbon
- Microstilbon burmeisteri, Burmeister hummingbird
- Myrmia
- Myrmia micrura, hummingbird hummingbird
- Myrtis
- Myrtis fanny, hummingbird Myrtis
- Myrtis yarrellii, hummingbird of Arica
- Ocreatus
- Ocreatus underwoodii, racket hummingbird
- Opisthoprora
- Opisthoprora euryptera, humming picolezna
- Oreonympha
- Oreonympha nobilis, noble hummingbird
- Oreotrochilus
- Oreotrochilus adelaCochabamba hummingbird
- Oreotrochilus chimborazo, Chimborazo hummingbird
- Oreotrochilus estella, colibrí puneño
- Oreotrochilus leucopleurus, humming mountain range
- Oreotrochilus melanogaster, hummingbird pechinegro
- Oreotrochilus stolzmanniStolzman hummingbird
- Orthorhyncus
- Orthorhyncus cristatus, crested hummingbird
- Oxypogon
- Oxypogon guerinii, humming chivito
- Panterpe
- Panterpe insignis, hummingbird
- Patagona
- Patagona gigasgiant hummingbird
- Phlogophilus
- Phlogophilus harterti, hummingbird Peruvian
- Phlogophilus hemileucurus, hummingbird Ecuadorian hummingbird
- Polyerata
- Polyerata amabilis, friendly amazilia
- Polyerata boucardiMangrove Amazon
- Polyerata fimbriataAmazilia ready
- Polyerata lacteaSapphire Amazon
- Polyerata luciaeHonduran amazilia
- Polyerata rosenbergiRosenberg Amazilia
- Polyonymus
- Polyonymus caroli, hummingbird humming
- Polytmus
- Polytmus guainumbi, humming guainumbí
- Polytmus milleri, tepui hummingbird
- Polytmus theresiae, hummingbird of Teresa
- Pterophanes
- Pterophanes cyanopterus, humming allyzul
- Ramphomicron
- Ramphomicron dorsale, colibrí piquicorto dorsinegro
- Ramphomicron microrhynchum, collibi piquicorto common
- Rhodopis
- Rhodopis vesper, hummingbird of Atacama
- Sappho
- Sappho sparganura, hummingbird kite
- Saucerottia
- Saucerottia beryllinaAmazilia berilina
- Saucerottia cupreicaudaAmazilia colicbriza
- Saucerottia cyanifronsAmazilia capiazul
- Saucerottia cyanura, amazilia coliazul
- Saucerottia edwardEdward's Amazon
- Saucerottia willowrrotteiAmazilia verdiazul
- Saucerottia tobaci, amazilia de Tobago
- Saucerottia viridigasterAmazilia colimorated
- Selasphorus
- Selasphorus ardens, hummingbird fiery
- Selasphorus flammula, flying hummingbird
- Selasphorus platycercus, humming coliancho
- Selasphorus rufus, hummingbird rufo
- Selasphorus sasinAllen hummingbird
- Selasphorus scintilla, scintillating hummingbird
- Sephanoides
- Sephanoides fernandensis, hummingbird of Juan Fernández
- Sephanoides sephaniodes, I humming austral
- Stellula
- Stellula calliope, hummingbird
- Stephanoxis
- Stephanoxis lalandi, humming copeton
- Sternoclyta
- Sternoclyta cyanopectus, humming pechiazul
- Taphrolesbia
- Taphrolesbia griseiventris, hummingbirds
- Thalurania
- Thalurania colombicaSapphire Coroniazul
- Thalurania fannyiSapphire choirniverde
- Thalurania furcata, sapphire golondrina
- Thalurania glaucopis, safiro capirotado
- Thalurania ridgwayiMexican sapphire
- Thalurania watertonii, hummingbird sapphire
- Thaumastura
- Thaumastura cora, humming cora
- Tilmatura
- Tilmatura dupontiiDupont hummingbird
- Topaz
- Peel top, hummingbird topacio
- Trochilus
- Trochilus polytmus, humming portacintas piquirrojo
- Trochilus scitulus, humming portacintas piquinegro
- Urochroa
- Urochroa bougueri, hummingbird of Bouguer
- Urosticte
- Urosticte benjamini, hummingbird western
- Urosticte ruficrissa, hummingbird oriental
- Abeillia
Contenido relacionado
Apidae
Nymphaeaceae
Clinical neurophysiology