Trick (Grenada)

Baza is a Spanish city and municipality located in the south-central part of the region of the same name, in the province of Granada, autonomous community of Andalusia. It limits with the Granada municipalities of Caniles, Cúllar, Benamaurel, Cortes de Baza, Zújar, Freila, Guadix —through the Bácor enclave—, Gor and Dólar —through the El Raposo enclave—, and with the Almeria municipalities of Alcóntar, Gérgal, Birth, The Three Villas, Abla and Fiñana. The Guardal and Gallego rivers run through its municipal area.

The Bastetano municipality is the largest in all of Granada, and includes the population centers of Baza —municipal, regional capital, of the entire Granada Altiplano and seat of its own judicial district—, Baúl, La Jamula, Río de Baza and Benacebada.

Toponymy

Baza comes from the name that the Romans gave the city, Basti, apparently a continuation of the name by which it was known in Iberian times, since it was the capital of the ancient region called "Bastetania" or "Bastitania". In Visigothic Hispania, it was the episcopal seat of the Catholic Church, a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Toledo, which included the ancient Roman province of Carthaginense in the Diocese of Hispania.

The Arabs transformed the name into medina Bastha or Batza as written by Abd-el-Aziz by including Basti among the conquered cities.

Symbols

Shield of Baza extracted from the work heroic trophy (1860) by Francisco Piferrer

Baza has a shield and flag officially adopted on January 17, 2018 and March 24, 2017 respectively. The current shield is a version of the one granted by the Catholic Monarchs on August 28, 1494. The The flag is red in memory of the Nasrid and Royal banners of Castilla, loaded with the coat of arms of the city that presides over the old House of Cabildos.

Shield

Its heraldic description is as follows:

Spanish shielded at the tip, of a single Gules (red) barracks, in its center a golden castle (yellow), surrounded by another sixteen smaller castles also of gold. The shield is on a sign like a yellow scroll. At the tip of the sign-pergamino crosses a tape that carries the slogan "Very Noble, Muy Leal and Excelentísima Ciudad de Baza". Being the coated royal crown coated shield, from which a few lambrequins hang.

Flag

The banner of the municipality has the following description:

Red rectangular flag. In the center, the medina or urban centre of Bazah, surrounded by its wall and on top its alcazaba. Surrounded by two pits, two bridges, and two water courses or branches, surrounded by sixteen towers. Being the furniture or figures of yellow, cleared of blue, as well as of blue also the two water courses. Not being cleared of blue the furniture—constructions of the interior of the wall—but cleared of red.

History

Ajuar de la grave 155 de la necrópolis bastetana del Santuario de Baza (Museo Arqueológico Nacional)

During the Chalcolithic and the Bronze Age, the area was highly populated due to the use of metals, mainly copper, fertile soils irrigated by streams for the development of agriculture and ease of defense. The historical area where Baza is located was called by the Greco-Latin authors as Bastetania. The most important population of the vast territory of the Bastetanos would be found in Basti, located in the archaeological complex of Cerro Cepero, in the vicinity of Baza.

In imperial Roman times, metallurgical activity resumed with the mining of copper, iron, gold, silver and lead. With the reorganization of the provinces carried out by Augustus, the rich mining territory of Cástulo fell within Tarragona, in such a way that in the I century, Baza is located on the Roman road that connected Cástulo with the port of Carthago-Nova, by Acci. There is no consensus on the name of via augusta for this route, since some works have indicated that, among other considerations, the milestones lack the name of that route.

Estatua de la Dama de Baza located at the roundabout of the Murcia Road

During the time of al-Andalus, irrigation systems were developed using ditches, cisterns and water mills for the best use of water. In 1324 King Ismail I of Granada, taking advantage of the existing anarchy in Castile due to the minority of King Alfonso XI of Castile, recovered the towns of Huéscar, Orce, Galera and Baza in a quick campaign.

After the War of Granada Baza ended, Guadix and Almería capitulated, in such a way that the settlers did not have to abandon Baza. At this time the distributions of the lands of the wealthy Muslims took place, who had abandoned their properties, giving rise to large estates such as 1355 ha. of farmland that Enrique Enríquez de Quiñones received as a manor, called State and House of Baza. Hernando de Santa Olalla, who had participated in the Siege of Baza under the orders of Enríquez, would receive the position of alderman for life and other favors in 1507, giving rise to one of the families of the local oligarchy of the century XVI. XVI in Baza small and medium-sized owners coexist on irrigated land, the municipality owns a significant extension of land and the large estates are located in the sierra. jurisdiction over the towns of Macael and Laroya. In 1649 Zújar was exempted from the jurisdiction of Baza.

In the 18th century the party of Baza, whose function is the collection of rents and extraordinary rights for the Crown, It was the second largest in the Kingdom of Granada and its constituency included the cities of Baza, Mojácar, Purchena and Vera, all of them royal, and Huéscar (señorío del duchy of Alba), in addition to fifty towns among which were the populous Huércal-Overa, Cuevas del Almanzora or Vélez-Rubio. According to the Floridablanca Census of 1787, the population of Baza was 7,740 inhabitants. From the ecclesiastical point of view, the Diocese of Guadix included the Abbey of Baza or Collegiate Church of Our Lady Santa María de la Encarnación. The rest of the towns in the Baza district that did not depend on the Baza Abbey belonged to the Diocese of Almería. From the XVIIIth century the Castilian system of exploitation of irrigation, rainfed cereals or almond trees in the slope areas and extensive livestock farming in the Sierra de Baza was consolidated. The importance of cereals is attested to by the proliferation of flour mills such as the Molino de Tablas or the Molino de la Solana, threshing floors and other constructions. The arrival of families from Palencia such as the Gómez de Cos, from Cervera del Río Pisuerga or Melgar Gil de Palacios from Monzón de Campos took place. The largest owner of the Baza region is the Roman count Juan Evangelista Giraldeli, an Italian banker located in the Court of Madrid, who took the position of Alderman of Baza in 1744, with more than 3000 ha. between crops and uncultivated land in the region.

The Negratín reservoir, north of the Bastetano municipality

In 1894 the railway arrived in Baza, after the completion of the works on the Lorca-Baza line. Years later, in 1907, a second line would be inaugurated that linked Baza and Guadix, which allowed the link of the region with Granada and Murcia. The municipality came to have its own station, which had extensive railway facilities. In 1917 the Bulletin of the Royal Academy of History points out the lead, iron and copper mines, as well as marble quarries. During the century XX, the Bastetan population almost doubled, which began at 12,749 people. The important migratory flow from rural areas gave rise to the development of cave houses, both in Baza and in Guadix. During the 30s of the XX century, land was purchased for the construction of the Negratín reservoir. In the middle of the XX century the rural exodus took place, in such a way that many emigrated to industrial populations of the Levant and Catalonia mainly, while others did temporary jobs in France, Germany and Switzerland, or to work in hotels in the Balearic Islands, Alicante and Catalonia, places where some ended up staying. At this time, most of the cave houses are uninhabited.

In 2003, the Historical Complex of Baza was classified as an Asset of Cultural Interest (BIC) for the conservation of the medieval urban layout around the old medina and its suburbs built outside the walls. However, up to fourteen historical buildings in Baza, such as the Palacio de los Enríquez, the Monastery of San Jerónimo or the Alcazaba de Baza are in a poor state of conservation and included on the red list of heritage., the area between Granada, Murcia and Almería where Baza is located, there is a notable demographic vacuum.

Geography

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Interactive map — Baza and her municipality

Situation

Integrated in the region of Baza, it is located 109 kilometers from the provincial capital, 174 from Almería and 182 from Murcia. The municipal term is crossed by the A-92N motorway, which connects Granada with the Region of Murcia.

Northwest: Guadix and Freila	North: Zújar, Cortes de Baza and Benamaurel	Northeast: Benamaurel and Cúllar
West: Gor and Dollar		This: Cúllar, Caniles and Alcóntar (AL)
Southwest: Fiñana (AL)	South: Abla (AL), Las Tres Villas (AL) and Birth (AL)	Sureste: Gérgal (AL)

Climate

According to the Köppen classification, it presents a typical warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa). The climate is continental Mediterranean with an average annual temperature of around 13.9 °C and wide thermal oscillations between day and night.

The presence of the Hoya de Baza, which is a flat land at a high altitude of more than 1000 meters on average, in front of the Sierra de Baza and Los Filabres mountains produce the effect of a climatic island with significant winter colds and mild summers. In addition, we must take into account the Föhn effect, or rain shadow that causes the rain to discharge in the northern area of the Sierra de Baza and causing semi-aridity due to the absence of rain in some areas of La Hoya or the southern part and west of the Sierra de Baza.

Average climatic parameters of Baza in the period 1961-2010
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Average temperature (°C)	10.4	11.6	15.1	17.7	21.8	27.5	32	31.7	27.1	20.6	14.7	11.1	20.1
Average temperature (°C)	5.4	6.2	9	11.7	15.8	20.7	24.1	24	20.5	15.1	9.3	6.1	13.9
Temp. medium (°C)	0.4	0.7	2.8	5.6	9.7	13.8	16.1	16.3	13.9	9.5	3.8	1	7.8
Total precipitation (mm)	44	37	39	46	41	18	7	9	24	42	37	38	382
Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Food and the Environment. Precipitation data for the period 1961-2010 and temperature for the period 1961-2010 in Baza (4178).

Administrative division

The municipality of Baza has four districts: Baúl, La Jamula, Río de Baza and Benacebada. There are also several scattered within the municipal area, but most have been losing many inhabitants. You can mention places like Salazar, Cuevas del Cerro, Bailén, Baíco, El Tesorero, La Molinera, Las Balsillas, Tablas, Los Mellizos or Los Rodeos, many of them on Sierra de Baza land.

Neighborhoods

Among its neighborhoods are Huerta del Pinorrio; that of Miguel de Cervantes, with caves—; de las Cuevas, a neighborhood with steep streets in the upper area of the city; that of Francisco de Velasco, also with caves); that of Pablo Picasso, popularly known as Las Malvinas, next to the convent of the Dominicas; that of Rabalía, an Arab neighborhood built outside the walls of the medieval city, with whitewashed houses built in narrow streets that are one of the best examples of the hamlet; that of La Merced, where the convent and church of the same name are built and the image of the Virgen de la Piedad, co-patron saint of the city along with Santa Bárbara, is kept; that of La Tamasca, an area of expansion in the 70s; the neighborhood of San José de Calasanz, an area of expansion in the 50s popularly known as the Tabique neighborhood; El Carmen, an area of expansion in the 50s; that of San Juan, with its homonymous church; that of Santiago, the old suburb of Marzuela, where the streets are narrow and the Jewish imprint is still very present; the Juan Ramón Jiménez neighborhood; that of Los Solares; that of the Sierras; the one in Los Angeles; the Swan neighborhood; the one in Los Angeles; that of Jidalmeni, by the Parque de la Constitución, which is a very popular area; that of Alcrebite, an area of expansion and new constructions between the Murcia highway and the Benamaurel highway where the Prados park is located; the Romero Alpuente neighborhood; that of Razalof; that of La Paz, with caves; the Llano del Ángel neighborhood, with caves, where the Santo Ángel Church is located on Ángel street; the Mártires de la Cruzada de Ronda neighborhood, which limits to the northeast with what is now Ronda de Baza, a ring road in its day known as the Ronda highway; and Cuevas del Cerrico neighborhood.

Nature

60% of the Sierra de Baza natural park is located in the municipality of Baza. The park is located in an area of medium and low Mediterranean mountains on the Sierra de Baza, which presents notable V-shaped slopes and valleys. This mountainous landscape stands out for presenting a contrast to the flat terrain of Hoya de Baza. In the sierrecilla de Narváez is the Narváez Interpretation Center, for knowledge through exhibition areas of the resources of the natural park. The Baza summit is made up of the Calar de Santa Bárbara at 2271 meters above sea level. Also, point out the Pinarillo recreational area.

Natural park of the Sierra de Baza

The tail of the Negratín reservoir is a wetland that constitutes a habitat for endangered fauna and for endemic Iberian or North African species. Some of the threatened fauna species that nest, winter or are present in migratory passages are the Black Sandgrouse, the Squacco Heron, the Kentish Plover or the Western Marsh Harrier. Some of these endemisms are the common frog, the blind shingles, the Iberian lizard or the red-necked nightjar. The tail of the Negratín reservoir is of geomorphological interest due to the formations of badlands on the clays and marls characteristic of the Hoya de Baza.

In addition, you can appreciate the Geological Interest Site (LIG) of the Barranco Gallego or Falla de Baza, included in the territory included in the Geopark of Granada.

Demographics

According to the National Institute of Statistics of Spain, in 2020 Baza had 20,430 registered inhabitants, which are distributed as follows:

Evolution of the population

Graphic of demographic evolution of Baza between 1900 and 2020

Data according to the nomenclator published by the INE.

Politics

City Council of Baza

The results in Baza of the last municipal elections, held in May 2019, are:

Mayors

Economy

José de Mora Avenue in Baza

The Bastetan economy is based mostly on the service sector with a significant number of shops and catering establishments. On Wednesdays the weekly market is held, which is one of the main ones in the province of Granada, with a large influx of customers from the entire Baza region. The road transport sector related to the fruit and vegetable production of the Almeria towns of Pulpí, Cuevas del Almanzora and El Ejido stands out, as well as the Murcian town of Águilas. Regarding rural tourism, note the four hotel establishments in Baza, as well as as other complementary accommodation, with the recent enhancement of the cave houses for their adaptation to the demands of rural tourism.

Another pillar of Bastetan's economy is agriculture. The main irrigated crop is lettuce, highlighting the company Agrupapulpí. Olive oil production is within the D.O.P Montes de Granada, to which Olibaza and SCA Santa Bárbara belong. Other crops include barley and almond trees. Recently, an incipient network of medium-sized companies dedicated to the meat industries has begun to be implemented, which come to have small volumes of production dedicated to export. Among the products of these industries are the roscas de Baza —bagels of bread and cut sausage, packaged—, cured hams from the cellar and other products derived from pork.

Evolution of outstanding municipal debt

Graphic of evolution of living debt of the City of Baza between 2008 and 2019

Living debt of the City of Baza in thousands of euros according to data of the Ministry of Finance and Ad. Public.

Communications

Baza is located on the A-342 or A-92 N that connects with Murcia via Lorca and with Granada via Guadix. To the south, under construction, is the A-334 to the Autovía del Mediterráneo through Huércal-Overa. To the north is the A-315 that reaches Torreperogil through Pozo Alcón.

It is located 66 minutes from Granada Airport and 88 minutes from Almería Airport.

View of the Baza Station in the 1920s

It is located 30 minutes from the Guadix Station and 75 minutes from the Lorca-Sutullena Station. The Almanzora railway ran through the city, closed to rail traffic in 1985 by the Junta de Andalucía, which connected the cities of Granada and Murcia, crossing the Almanzora Valley transversally, thus ending rail communications between Eastern Andalusia and the Levant. There is a reopening study pending approval by the administration since 2006. In 2012 the possibility of including a branch to the Mediterranean Corridor that would run through the Almanzora Valley and connect with Guadix, passing through Baza, was presented. But due to the economic crisis, the Central Government refused to include this branch in the Development plans. But this fact led to the recovery of the population's dormant longing for the railway, in such a way that a movement that brings together the majority of the political parties in the north of the province of Granada, Almería and eastern Jaén is growing in pursuit of recover such a line, whose central engine is the Baza City Council, with the support of FERRMED.

Infrastructures and equipment

Health

In Baza is the Regional Hospital of Baza. It has a heliport that allows to attend the health services that require this transport. In addition to the Baza health center, there are medical offices in the Santiago neighborhood, the Cuevas de Baza office and the one in the town of Baúl.

Education

It is equipped with the Ciudad de Baza, Francisco de Velasco, Jabalcón and José de Calassanz Early Childhood and Primary Education centers, as well as the Divino Maestro and Presentación de Nuestra Señora private centers. It has three institutes of higher education, Alcrebite, Pedro Jiménez Montoya, José de Mora. The educational offer is completed by the Municipal School of Music and the José Salinas Professional Music Conservatory, the Official School of Languages Ibn al-Qaysi al-Basti and the María de Luna school for adults.

Heritage

The Lady of Baza

Assets of Cultural Interest

The following are Assets of Cultural Interest:

• The Iberian city of Basti: just three kilometres from the current Bazah is Cepero hill, the site of the Iberian city of Basti. This was one of the major Iberian fortified cities throughout the country, to the point of giving name to an extensive region, the Bastetania. In it was found in 1971 the most famous Lady of Baza, one of the best examples of the Iberian funeral and Iberian art.
• The defensive towers of Torre de Baúl, Torre de la Luna, Torre de la Atalaya, Torre de la Maja de la Torre, Torre de Alqueria Capel, Torre Santiso and Torre Garbín.
• The fortresses of Benzalema Castle, Baoul Castle and the Wall of the Sierra de Baza. The Castle of Benzalema is located in the setting of the Negratin reservoir, facing the confluence of the Castril and Guardal rivers. Its location allowed the monitoring of the passage to Bazah of the armies from the Kingdom of Jaen through the valley of the Guadiana Menor River.
• The Historical Set of Baza, including traditional typology housing and urban layout of the districts of Rabalía, San Juan or Santiago
• The Walled Recinto of La Alcazaba. Although at present only some sections of walls and remains of several towers are preserved, the Bazah alcazaba was in its time an almost unexpugnable fortress. Its walls present three constructive phases: a first of centuries XI-XIIanother Nazari and one last, already Christian of the centuryXVI. It is located in the heart of the historic center of the city, dominating the old medina. It's in the process of restoration.
• The Parish Church of Santiago. Built on the mosque of the Marzuela Basil at the beginning of the XVI, although with important reforms in the XVII, it is the best example of the Mudejar church of Baza. It's from three ships and high choir at your feet.
• The Baths of La Judería, this example of urban bath is one of the oldest in the peninsula.^{[chuckles]required]} They were discovered at the end of the centuryXIX in the semi-basement of a house by the Gate of Solomon. They were believed to be related to a nearby mosque that had to be located at the current location of the church in Santiago. The first mention of this bathroom was made by Gómez Moreno in 1891, but it was disappeared until his 'rediscovery' in 1975, when he was declared a National Monument and restored. After several years of restoration, it was inaugurated in 2008, receiving the National Prize for Archaeology.

View of Church Major of the Incarnation from the Alcazaba of Baza

• the Palace of Los Enríquez or Abrantes, a Renaissance palace conceived as a country villa in Italian mode, making it a unique example in Granada. He was commanded to build by Enrique Enríquez de Quiñones (the carnal of King Fernando the Catholic) and his wife María de Luna. From its initial construction in 1506, it underwent several modifications to its current state, in almost ruinous state although it has been inhabited until today. Inside it keeps Mudejar potters profusely decorated with Renaissance motifs. Currently, it is part of the City Council’s property, after its acquisition was approved in a plenary in February 2017.
• The Old Monastery of Saint Jerome
• The Greater Church of Our Lady Saint Mary of the Incarnation. It has rank of concatedral of the diocese of Guadix-Baza. It was built as a schoolgirl on the remains of the Muslim Aljama mosque. In 1529 it began its construction in Gothic style but a terrible earthquake that devastated the city in 1531, it fell mostly, reconstructing the damaged parts with a Renaissance project of Alonso de Covarrubias. It consists of three floors covered by crossboves and spinal cord. The bell tower consists of four square-floor bodies, the last two, dedicated to bell tower. These bodies are made of brick and date from the centuryXVII and it is a reconstruction because the top of the tower was destroyed by another earthquake.

Other places of interest

• Natural park of the Sierra de Baza: declared a natural park in 1989, occupies almost half of the extension of the municipality. Its spelling is very steep and its very high average altitude, with several peaks above 2000 meters, being the Calar de Santa Barbara its highest peak, with 2271 meters above sea level. It has rural accommodation, accessible from the A-92N motorway, called Narváez.

Archaeological Museum of Baza

• The Archaeological Museum of Baza: Old Town Hall, which houses an exact copy of the Lady of Baza and other works of archaeological value. After being restored, an old building and the old museum have been assembled.
• The Baza Archaeological Foundation Interpretation Centre (CIYAB): located at the Cepero hill, has been proposed as a centre for the dissemination, research and better understanding of the social, cultural, economic and religious processes of the Iberian culture from the origin of the Basti settlement to its abandonment, with a 3D video, and virtual reality.
• The monumental ensemble of the Plaza Mayor: where we can find the Higher Church of Baza, which occupies the place of the old mosque and dates back to the centuryXVI. We also place the building of the old prison, of the centuryXVIIIToday's town hall. Next to this is a century buildingXVII that was former minor seminary and also old College of the Divine Master, foundational house of the religious order of the same name, which shows many typical elements of the Mudejar era. In the Plaza Mayor it is also remarkable the Municipal Museum, formerly the town hall, a building built between 1530 and 1590 that is accessed by a porch of three arches of half point, two columns of composite order and two pillars of Tuscans, where there are four of the bombardments used during the Baza site by the Catholic Kings. Complete the building of the Casino Bastetano, built at the end of the centuryXIX with an architectural aspect that fits perfectly into the whole of the Plaza Mayor. Nearby, on the street bearing its name, is the building of the Alhóndiga, built in the centuryXVI, in which stands out its porticodo courtyard, waiting to be annexed to the Municipal Museum, to expand the dependencies of this and the tourist office.
• El Arco de la Magdalena: square located a few meters from the Plaza Mayor, whose name comes from being next to the entrance of the Magdalena, one of them possessed the wall that surrounded the old medieval city. At present it houses several unique buildings: the former Casino of Artisans, a neoclassical building with Mudejar elements, today dedicated to Casa de la Cultura, and right in front, the building of the former Audiencia dedicated much of the last years, of its most recent period, to the tasks of ambulatory, today it is dedicated to house the Bastetana delegation of the Spanish Association of the Fight against Cancer and soon the public management. We also find the Cervantes building, which currently houses the Municipal Rehabilitation Office.

The Dorados (sixth century)XVII)

• The Dorados Caños: it is a pylon with four crates located next to the old door of the medina called Puerta del Peso and when it was built in the centuryXVII served as an abbreviator for travelers who traveled the route from Granada to Murcia, where it is located. At present, it is part of a point of interest, where flag is sworn, of the well-known festival of International Tourist Interest Cascamorras.
• Las Balconadas de Palo: located in two Mudejar houses, built in the centuryXVI in the bounds of the Algedid's raft that became known as the Moreria after the Christian conquest. They are balconies run from wood on canes with right feet and jealousy.
• The House of the old Butchers: it is an example of Mudejar architecture, retaining as more significant elements of the same a wooden balcony with a gallery of feet rights over canes and a Algorfa dumped on the street supported by a marble column and a right foot.
• Palacio Espinosa-Páez (s.XVI): It has a facade of chairs with a few vain which gives it a very massive look, highlighting in it its silver decoration and the herald of the owner. Erroneously calling the Palace of the Infantado, a lineage with which there is no relation.
• The Ideal Cinema: the only element of the original construction is its facade, with modernist elements, dating from the beginning of the last century.

The historic Dengra Theatre, located in the Plaza Santo Domingo de Baza

• The Dengra Theatre is one of the historical theaters in the province of Granada. Currently in restoration.
• El Real Pósito: was built in 1762, during the reign of Carlos III. Keep a beautiful patio with galleries.
• The Bullring: it was inaugurated in 1903 and has the singularity that most of its blond and its rue are settled on an artificial hillside of a partially dismantled hill, as a Greek theater. At the end of the Civil War, the Francoist troops used it as a prisoner concentration camp during, at least, April and May 1939.
• The placeta of the Moorish or "the boobs": singular square of the neighborhood of San Juan, with an almost triangular composition, where is the building popularly known as Casa de las Tetas, house of Mudejar style whose facade has some curious decorative elements that recall the figure of female breasts.
• Cave houses: troglodyte dwellings excavated in the land. The same temperature is maintained throughout the year (18-20 °C). Baza has several accommodation complexes of this type for rural tourism for which they have been provided with all kinds of amenities. They can also offer other services such as Arab baths, theory, regional and international cuisine, adventure sports, etc.
• The Farm: century palaceXVI, located in the environment of the Negratin reservoir. It was the property of the monastery of San Jerónimo, next to the baths of Zújar or baths of Benzalema. It is also known as "the house of the Prodigal", in reference to the homonymous novel by Pedro Antonio de Alarcón, whose action seems to be in this place. It currently belongs to the Guadalquivir Hydrographic Confederation, and is being rehabilitated as the Water Interpretation Center to make known the territory that forms the Guadiana Menor basin.
• The Cerro del Puntal: located next to the baths of Zújar and right on the border between the municipal terms of Baza and Zújar, is a prehistoric settlement formed by caves. Geological formations of travertines can be observed.

Religious architecture

Portico de entrada a la Iglesia de los Dolores

• Cloister of the old convent of San Francisco. Part of the cloister of the convent of San FranciscoXVI), currently disappeared, in the early eighties of the last century, moved to its current location in the alcazaba compound.
• Chapel of San Marcos or Humilladero. It is one of the few hermitages that are preserved from the various built after the Christian conquest although strongly modified. Baroque style, it stands out for the two half-orange domes of its cover.
• Chapel of Santa Rita.
• Hermitage of San Sebastian.
• Church and convent of Santo Domingo. Although very transformed and partly destroyed, both the church and the convent after its demolition, there are still important elements of this conventual ensemble erected at the beginning of the century.XVII (the church is built between 1608 and 1617). The whole group highlights its cloister with two orders of arches on Tuscan columns. Also remarkable are the monumental staircase from which you access the interior of the old convent, covered by a dome, and the cover and pottery of the sotocoro of the church.
• Church and convent of San Antón. It was built on an ancient hermitage founded by the Catholic Kings. It was finished in 1663, forming part of the Franciscan convent of recoletos that was established in the same place since 1609. It is of three ships, covered with barrel vault and high choir on the feet. Remains of polychrome are preserved inside. Privately owned, it is closed to the cult.
• Church and convent of Merced. The church was built at the beginning of the centuryXVIprobably on a Mozárabe hermitage destroyed in Almohad era. Its plant is made of three naves with larger chapel covered by crossbove and high choir at the feet, where it opens its cover built at the end of the centuryXVIII in gray marble. In its head, it houses a baroque camarín where the image of the Virgin of Piedad, co-sponsor of Bazah is guarded. The convent remained occupied by a Franciscan congregation until September 2008.
• Church and convent of the Presentation. Among its most striking aspects, stands out a wooden handicraft, decorated with polychrome in one of its dependencies and the cloister attached to its church.
• Church of the Dolores (former oratory of San Felipe Neri). It's the only baroque church in the city. Built in 1702, the episcopal palace was built in 1775. It is of Latin cross plant with half-orange vault on the cruise and three naves, greater the center with half barrel vault and light. Its cover is made up of two bodies, with salomonic columns the lower and semicolumnas corinthias the superior. In its header there is a wood-sized rocococa bed lined with plasterwork.
• Church of Saint John. Built on the mosque that stood in this same place, next to the gate of Armesto, in the centuryXVI, responds to the Mudejar model so common in the city and region. It has three naves, the highest central.
• Monastery of Our Lady of Mercy. Pertenecent to the Jerome, it was built at the request and under the patronage of the Enríquez-Luna family next to its palace, from which they could attend the religious offices through a cobblestone or elevated passageway that accessed directly to the main chapel. The church was completed in 1690 although the first works both in it and in the monastery began in 1502. From the monastery, which was of great importance throughout the region between the centuries XVI and XIX, few remains are preserved integrated into a private housing.
• Church of the Holy Angel This area of the city of Baza belonged to the parish of San Juan. There was a physical limit corresponding to the railway line Guadix-Almendricos. There was therefore a need to create a new parish of the train road up. It was built in 1968, expanding as much as possible, according to the economy of those who participated in the project. It was built on the ground of a hillside, with the help of a workshop school in which they were learning the different trades of the cooperatives that were created in the Baza Social Plan. It is a ship of 900 square meters, with the roof of uralite and beams of iron seen, with numerous crystals and where we can find the size of the Christ of Charity.

Parks and fountains

The Alameda de Cervantes, in the center of Baza

• Source of the Alcrebite.
• Source of the Dorados Falls.
• Source of San Juan.
• Teja Fountain.
• Alcazaba Park.
• Alameda Park.
• Parque de la Cruz de los Caídos
• Constitutional Park.
• Parque Los Prados.
• Razalof Park.
• San Pedro Mártir Park.
• Teresa Díaz Hernández Park.
• Stop the Seven Sources.
• Plaza San Marcos Park.

Municipal Museum

The Baza Museum was created by the city council on November 4, 1988. Most of the collections that make it up are of an archaeological nature, although objects and elements from the recent past of the city of Baza are also present in it. Asset, given that it intends to fulfill mainly the function of "Museum of the City", from its origins and its region to the present moment, as a reflection of its historical evolution understood as a continuous and complex process.

Currently, pending the necessary expansion of its facilities with the adjoining building of the old Alhóndiga (s. XVI ), the museum has four permanent exhibition halls, which have been structured into four major cultural chronological periods: room 1, Prehistory; room 2, Iberian culture; Room 3, Roman Period, and Room 4, Medieval and Modern Periods.

Culture

Statue of the Cascamorras, in the Plaza de las Eras de Baza

Squabble

The Big Fair is held the second week of September, which begins with the appearance of the Cascamorras, a centuries-old custom classified as of International Tourist Interest. The Cascamorras leaves Guadix to try to take the Virgen de la Piedad, which is located in the Bastetan convent of La Merced, and paints and dyes are thrown at her all along the way to prevent her from arriving clean and taking the image.

Popular festivals

• Cruces de Mayo, on 1, 2 and 3 May, party in which various groups and associations dress a cross and adorn the place where it is installed. There is a competition established at the municipal level that rewards the best.
• Feast of San Juan, June 24, hoses are made in the Fountain of San Juan on the night of June 23.
• Fiesta del Bastetano Ausente: in the month of August. Dedicated to remember the emigrant bastetanos. Cultural week dedicated to the Lady of Baza, where you can find the International Festival of Coros and Danzas.
• Santa Barbara: is celebrated on December 4. This party commemorates the entrance to the city of the Catholic Kings and the expulsion of the Moors. From the balcony of the town hall is the Royal Pendon with the traditional "Bazaqué". During the days close to this date, on the occasion of this festival of the co-sponsorship of the city, a series of acts are organized among which the Culture Market and the wine tasting of the country stands out.
• Day of Saint Lucia, fires are made between the night of 12-13 December.

In addition, between June and August the neighborhoods begin their festivals or cultural weeks, of which the neighborhoods of Santiago, Salazar and Ángel stand out.

Cultural events

Since 1985 the Dama de Baza Local Painting Contest has been held and since 1987 the Dama de Baza Photography Contest, which are awarded during the Cascamorras Festival. Since 2012, the Antón García Abril de Baza International Chamber Music Competition has been held.

Gastronomy

Among Bastetan gastronomy, the gachas tortas, the gurupina —made with flour, cod, potatoes, dried pepper, onion and poplar mushrooms or chanterelles from the area—, the testuz —based on dried cooked beans stand out, white beans, bacon, black pudding, mask, pig's ear, potatoes, garlic, dried pepper and tomato—, gurullos with partridge or hare, babolla and migas. In confectionery, bienmesabe and Christmas sweets stand out.

Sports

In Baza there is an athletics stadium, several tennis clubs, two municipal swimming pools (one of them covered) together with a covered pavilion for playing indoor soccer, volleyball and basketball. And we also find several soccer fields, highlighting the Constantino Navarro municipal one, the C.D. Baza, and the La Alameda soccer field, with artificial turf, where the lower categories of Baza play.

As for football, in the 2015/2016 season Club Deportivo Baza disappeared, in such a way that it is currently C.D. Ciudad de Baza Club Polideportivo 2017 which competes in senior and lower categories.

In basketball, note the CD Baloncesto Baza, created in the season (08/09), which competes in group C of the N1 National League (20/21).

In Baza is the Sierra de Baza hunting reserve.

Bastetanos famous

Twinning

• Edchera, Western Sahara
• Galera, Grenada