Trent

Trento (Italian: Trento; German: Trient; Latin: < i lang="la">Tridentum) is an Italian city located in the Trentino-Alto Adige region. It is the capital of the region and of the autonomous province of Trento. The city, known internationally for the Council of Trent, was Austrian territory until the First World War. It is located in the deep valley of the Adige.

Etymology

Drawing from the Roman camp that originated Trent.

Tridentum is already named in a document dated in the year 222 BC. C. The origin of the name is derived from "trident", three teeth. Historians have not agreed on what these "teeth" are: they can be either the mountains that surround the city (Doss Trento or Verouca, Santa Aghata and San Roque) or the three rivers that cross it (three arms of the river Adige). The Cenomanians of this region were known as Tridentinus, which is why this site is known as Tridentum.

The Latin tradition, which is the most remembered, indicates that it comes from the inscription Montes argentum mihi dant nomenque Tridentum (the mountains give me the silver and the name of tridentum), made by Fray Bartolomeo da Trento and located in the Historic Center of the city.

History

It was originally a Celtic city, definitively annexed to the Roman Republic in the I century BC. C.. It became municipium after the Lex Roscia of 49 BC. C., its inhabitants were added to the Roman gens Papiria and the emperor Augustus included it in the Regio X Venetia et Histria of Roman Italy. the territories beyond the Alps, through the Resia and Brenner passes. But above all Trento became famous for the council that supported the Counter-Reformation (1545-1563). The adjective Tridentine literally means belonging to Trent, but because of the Tridentine Council, it can also refer to this specific event.

According to some theories, Trento (Tridentum) would have developed on a Rhaetian settlement at the bottom of a valley. It is also possible the presence of an ancient Rhaetian castelliere (fortified village) on the Doss Trento hill, probably also used by the Romans after the conquest; This was one of the first urban centers of the city. It is logical to think that the Adige valley, as a major North-South communication channel, made possible frequent cultural exchanges with other pre-Roman populations, such as the Venetians, Etruscans and Cisalpine Gauls.

Map of the century XVIII from Trento.

It became important and rich in sumptuous palaces with the Romans. Destroyed by invasions by the Goths and Lombards, it regained importance in the VIII-IX, benefiting from its status as a forced passage along the Via Brenner; precisely to secure an ally here, the emperors gave temporary power over the region to the bishops of Trent, instituting the series of prince-bishops. The most important of them, both of the XVI, were Bernardo Clesio and Cristoforo Madruzzo, who participated in the sessions of the Council. After the death of the last of the Madruzzo in 1658 the decline of the Trentino began.

In the following centuries the city declined politically and economically. Napoleon, who occupied the city in 1796, abolished the figure of the prince-bishop, who was never restored. He annexed the city to the kingdom of Italy, which was a puppet government of the French. At the Congress of Vienna, in 1815, it was decided to incorporate the city and province into the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which became effective from 1816 as part of the Principality of Tyrol.

The Italian army entered Trento on November 3, 1918, during the First World War.

From 1870, political movements developed in Trento that tried to defend the Italian character of the city and defend it from the attempts of Germanization led by the most nationalist sectors of German Tyrol. It was occupied by the Italian army on November 3, 1918 (see Italian Front (World War I)) after the end of World War I and was definitively incorporated into Italy in 1919 when the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed.

In World War II, when Mussolini was deposed in 1943 and later released with the help of the Nazis, he returned to fighting in the north of the country against the allies and founded the Italian Social Republic, although that meant the annexation of the city to the Third Reich until its total defeat in 1945. Starting in the 1950s, the city and the region began to grow economically and prosper thanks in part to the special statute of autonomy granted by the Italian state.

On November 4, 1966, Trento experienced the biggest flood in its recent history: a good part of the city and about 5,000 hectares of countryside were submerged under about 2 m of water. In 1971 the special statute was modified, which caused an extension of the autonomy of Trento and Bolzano, a unique case in the entire administrative system of the Italian State.

Today Trento is a cosmopolitan city, highly developed and with modern social services. It often ranks extremely very high among the 103 Italian cities in terms of quality of life and standard of living, as well as business and employment opportunities, ranking 1st, 6th and 2nd, respectively. It is also one of the safest cities in the country. The province of Trento is one of the richest in Italy, and Trento is one of the most expensive cities in Italy along with Milan, Rome and Venice.

Climate and Geography

The torrent Fersina flows into the river Fiume

It is surrounded by mountains (Dolomites and southern Alps) and 200 meters above sea level in a deep valley crossed by the Adige river and the Fersina stream. It is also close to the many lakes in the area, among which Lake Garda stands out. It limits with the following communes:

Northwest: Terlago	North: Lavis	Northeast: Giovo, Albiense
West: Vezzano, Padergnone		This: Civezzano, Pergine Valsugana, Calavino
Southwest: Lasino, Cavedine, Cimone	South: Aldeno, Besenello, Garniga Terme	Sureste: Vigolo Vattaro

As for the climate, it has temperate and variable summers and cold and snowy winters. According to data obtained between 1961 and 1990, the average temperature of the coldest month, January, was 1.6 °C; and that of the warmest month, July, was 22.4 °C. Average annual rainfall exceeds 900 mm distributed over 88 days, with a peak in spring and another in autumn.

Economy

Trent illuminated at night.

Trento Airport.

It has become an almost obligatory step for people who want to go skiing in the Alps and this, together with the fact that it still preserves a large number of medieval and Renaissance buildings, has caused a great boost in the tourism sector. Famous are its dairy products (milk, yoghurts and cheeses), apples and wines with designation of origin.

Culture

In the XIX century, remains of the Roman amphitheater were found, and the city museum preserves the so-called & #34;clesian table", discovered in 1869 in the fields of Cles in Val di Non, and in which an edict of Emperor Claudius dating from 46 AD is reproduced in bronze. C. that mentions Trento, qualifying it as a "splendid municipality". Another of the Roman vestiges of Trento is the Torre Mirana. In it you can see the remains of the pipes that carried the wastewater from the houses to the Adige river. The Cathedral of San Vigilio (also called Duomo) along with the Buonconsiglio castle are perhaps the two most recognizable buildings in the city.

Education

	University	Foundation	Acronym	Type
	University of Trento	1962	UNITN	Public

Trento has many of the main educational, scientific, financial and political centers of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and northern Italy in general. The University of Trento began operating in 1962, becoming not only one of the best in Italy, but also the best in Law and Sociology and one of the best in Economics (in fact, the famous Festival of Economics is held every year). In the ranking of world universities "World University Rankings 2009", the University of Trento is one of the few Italian universities to be found and is placed between places 401-500.

Heritage

Piazza Duomo

Cathedral of San Vigilio

Piazza Duomo, located in the center of the city, is so named because the Cathedral of San Vigilio ("Cattedrale di San Vigilio") better known as "Duomo" 3. 4; or "Cattedrale di Trento". It is adorned with the 17th century Neptune fountain, dedicated to San Vigilio, patron saint of the city. It is an imposing Romanesque-Gothic building built between the XII-XIII. It is accompanied by a bell tower erected in the XVI century. There are funerary monuments and remains of frescoes from the XII and XV in the arms of the transept. In the crypt there are remains of the early Christian basilica from the VI century and subsequent restructuring over the centuries IX and XII.

Buonconsiglio Castle

Castle of Trento

The castle of Buonconsiglio (Good Council), was the residence of the prince-bishops. It has a nucleus originating from the XIII century and attached to it is the Torre Grande. It was refitted in 1475 with Venetian Gothic forms. It is currently a museum that has archaeological, artistic (paintings, coins, codices, statues, codices, sacred objects...) and ethnological material. There are also the cells of soldiers who fought for Italy in the First World War and were shot in the castle moat. The frescoes entitled "Twelve Months" International Gothic style of the 15th century century.

Other areas of interest

Piazza Duomo.

The most beautiful street is Via Belezani, which starts from piazza Duomo. It has Venetian-style Renaissance palaces with frescoes on the façade, which is one of the symbols of this city. There are lots of churches and palaces in the city. In Piazza Battisti you can visit the only Roman remains in the city, dating from the I century BC. C. up to the VI century d. c.

The Church of Santa Maria la Maggiore is important, the place where some sessions of the Council of Trent were held (others were held in the cathedral of San Vigilio).

Near the San Lorenzo bridge, there is a cable car from which you can see the whole city as it ascends from Trento (194 meters) to the Belvedere di Sardagna (595 meters). A little further north, on Mount Doss Trento, is the monument to Cesare Battisti, which consists of a wide circle of columns.

Sports

Equipment	Sport	Competition	Stadium	Creation
Trento Calcio 1921	Football	D series	Stadio Briamasco	1921
Trentino Volley	Volleyball	SuperLega	PalaTrento	2000
Aquila Basket Trento	Basketball	Series A	PalaTrento	1995

Demographics

The city in 2009 had 115,511 inhabitants. The province comprises 6,207 km²; and a population of 524,826 (12/31/2009). The population lives in a province that is completely mountainous.

Trento's demographic evolution figure between 1871 and 2015

Source ISTAT - Wikipedia graphics

Festivities and traditions

The most famous are the so-called "Fiestas Vigilianas" that are celebrated between June 22 and 26. It is a historical-folkloric manifestation that takes the name of the patron saint of the city, San Vigilio, and that every year in June evokes the traditions of the city at the time of the renaissance and the Council of Trent (1545-1563). The Fiestas Vigilianas constitute the most important tradition of urban festivals in Trentino, offering a great and suggestive representation of the reality of the XVI century. The origin of the festival dates back to that century, when the prince bishop Cristoforo Madruzzo played a central role in the historical and political episodes of the Italian peninsula. There are duels in period costumes between "Ciusi and Gobj", fighting for the conquest of a polenta; processions parade in period costumes; the Lung'Adige, where the city neighborhoods give life to the "Palio de la Oca" which consists of a series of skill tests, faced with teams that compete on rafts; and Dos Trento, which hosts the so-called "Benedictine Dinner". The Renaissance spectacle of parades and duels is evoked thanks to the city's architectural structure and thanks to the customs of the time, which mobilize a large international audience every year. Finally there is a fireworks display over the Adige, which closes the celebrations. Another traditional event in Trento is the historic Christmas Market.

Notable people

Twinned cities

Trento is twinned with the following cities: