Transportation from Venezuela
Venezuela has transportation routes to which is added a network of highways that cover the national territory, used by bus lines, private vehicles, and cargo that connect the entire country. Highway density is high in the north-central area, in the Capital District and in the states of Miranda, Aragua, Lara, Zulia, Anzoátegui, Monagas, Yaracuy, Falcón and Carabobo; These extend into a system of highways into the interior of the country, connecting urban centers with remote rural areas, in addition to having airports, among which international ones such as Maiquetía, Valencia, Punto Fijo, Porlamar, Maracaibo, Barcelona, Barquisimeto stand out., San Cristóbal, Ciudad Guayana, Maturín, Cumaná and San Antonio del Táchira. It also has Mass Transportation Systems such as the Caracas Metro, Maracaibo Metro, Valencia Metro, Los Teques Metro, Trolebús, TransMaracay, Transbarca, TransCarabobo, TransFalcón, TransAnzoátegui and the plans for the Guarenas-Guatire Metro and the System National Railway (Venezuela). In the last 2 years, approximately 3000 Yutong brand buses assembled in Venezuela have been incorporated in the main cities of the country.
Highways and roads
According to official figures, as of November 2017, Venezuela had 96,155 kilometers of roads, of which 32,000 are paved. Part of the 64,000 km. The remaining bordered roads were built during the government of Juan Vicente Gómez (5,000 km.), the democratic period (71,200 km.) and during the period of the Bolivarian revolution (4,500 km.). Official data reports 80,399 deaths on public roads between 2000 and 2012 and some 6,200 deaths per year, although data from insurers estimate more than 9,000 deaths; 39% are from motorcyclists, compared to 28% globally. According to figures from 2010, the rate of deaths in traffic accidents was 37.2 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, possibly being the highest in Latin America. The vehicle fleet in Venezuela had 5,350,000 units in 2008 and 4,196,335 units in 2014, representing a decrease of 21%.
The Caracas - La Guaira Highway is a highway in Venezuela that connects the capital Caracas with the second port in importance and traffic in the country, as well as the main Venezuelan airport (Simón Bolívar International Airport), located in La Guaira and in Maiquetía respectively in the state of Vargas, it was projected and built by the government of General Marcos Pérez Jiménez and the Military Government Junta that preceded it, the works began in 1950 and took almost 4 years to be completed, being inaugurated by the end of 1953. Viaduct No. 1 of the Caracas - La Guaira Highway is the first of the three bridges that crossed the valley of the Tacagua ravine. In March 2006, the viaduct collapsed, with no human casualties or material damage, except for the bridge itself, but in June 2007 the New Viaduct No. 1 was inaugurated, longer than its predecessor. The first viaduct, which since the earthquake in Caracas of 1967 had suffered great deformations due to the displacement of the Gramoven hill and the Tacagua Fault, it was without a doubt a masterpiece of engineering and, consequently, a pride of Venezuela. It was designed and built by the French firm Campenon Bernard, under the design and advice of the eminent professor Eugène Freyssinet.
The Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho Highway or also called the Antonio José de Sucre Highway in honor of that outstanding hero of American independence (previously called the Rómulo Betancourt Highway), is a road artery that connects the city of Caracas with sectors of Miranda state, although the project hopes to extend it by 2008 to Sucre state when it will have 271 kilometers, currently 106 kilometers are in operation between the sections Caracas-Guatire and Guatire-Chuspita, in addition on November 24, 2007 it was inaugurated The Chuspita-Aragüita 11-kilometer and Caucagua-Higuerote 42.4-kilometer sections are officially officially signed by the Miranda Governor's Office and the Ministry of Infrastructure (MINFRA), and the Unare - Píritu section in the Anzoátegui state of 30 kilometers completed in November 2007, and another section that would reach Cumaná in the Sucre state of 21 kilometers, all these sections are in charge of the respective governments of those states and the aforementioned Ministry. This motorway is not yet fully completed, as some sections are under construction and others are still in the works.
The Autopista Regional del Centro or Autopista Caracas-Valencia is the most important road artery in Venezuela, it joins the cities of Caracas, Maracay and Valencia as well as other smaller cities. The highway is used daily by about 70,000 cars, as well as transport trucks and buses. The highway was built during the 50s and 60s, one of its main promoters being General Marcos Pérez Jiménez.
The José Antonio Páez Highway, also called the Los Llanos Highway, is an important road artery in Venezuela, connecting the states of Barinas, Carabobo, Cojedes and Portuguesa. The motorway is still under construction, however several sections of it have already been opened. It has its beginning in the city of Valencia reaching the city of Barinas. The highway owes its name in honor of the Venezuelan hero José Antonio Páez.
The Centro Occidental Highway or Autopista Cimarrón Andresote (previously called Rafael Caldera Highway) is an important road artery located in the Central West of Venezuela, in the Yaracuy State, crossing the entire Yaracuy state starting from the vial from Palma Sola, Carabobo State (the latter completed in 2013 after almost 25 years of paralysis) to the Veragacha Distributor, Lara State, has 129 km. Approximately, its construction began in the 70s during the presidential term of Dr. Rafael Caldera, a native of Yaracuy, in his first constitutional exercise. Characterized by its Trinidadian and surrounding trees, it has a roadway 7.20 m wide and 3.60 m wide. Some 45,000 vehicles circulate daily towards the Center and West of the country.
The Circunvalación Norte Highway (Barquisimeto) is a road artery located in the center west of Venezuela, in the State of Lara, about 25.5 kilometers long, which had been paralyzed in its construction since the 1980s, and which was resumed in 2005 by the government of Lara state and by the Ministry of Infrastructure (Minfra), it will be connected to the Autopista Regional del Centro and it is expected that in the future it will be linked to the Acarigua-Barquisimeto toll road, which would improve considerably the road flow in that part of the country. It was inaugurated at the beginning of 2007.
Highways and avenues of Caracas, these bring together one of the largest highway networks in Venezuela, almost all built in the second half of the 20th century in the governments of Marcos Pérez Jiménez, Rómulo Betancourt and Raúl Leoni. The highways of the country and the great avenues of the city are not designated with a coding or numbering system, but with the names of prominent historical figures. In addition, in Caracas, distributors or connections between highways also often have peculiar names, for example, after animals: the octopus, the spider and centipede Caracas is connected internally and abroad by highways, with other towns, cities and cities, such as La Guaira, El Junquito, Colonia Tovar, Los Teques, El Hatillo, Los Valles del Tuy (Charallave and Santa Lucía), Guarenas and Guatire, as well as the rest of the country. The highway that crosses the city from east to west, and its respective branches, is called Francisco Fajardo Highway, which goes from Petare (Boyacá Distributor) where it connects with the Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho highway (Petare-Guarenas section) to the southwest of Caracas passing through the La Paz urbanization and ending in Las Adjuntas and Macarao; It has a subbranch that goes to Caricuao.
The kennels consist of private vehicles such as dump trucks, dig trucks, debris transport trucks generally used to move livestock or heavy objects such as industrial parts, food or garbage that are not suitable for transporting people. They were originally nicknamed that way decades ago in rural and indigenous areas, where they were common transportation in the countryside and people boarded them to move with sacks of bananas. However, during the presidency of Nicolás Maduro, Venezuela began to experience a crisis of public transport never seen before in modern times, affected by the increase in cost and shortage of spare parts, as well as by the lack of investment by the State, which forced users to take long walks and take kennels to the cities to cover the lack of vehicles.
According to Gustavo Chourio, an expert in urban planning at the University of Zulia, around 30 percent of Venezuelans used to have their own vehicle, the highest average in Latin America, a proportion that has decreased drastically today because few people have resources enough to buy spare parts such as tires or batteries. The repair of buses and other public transport vehicles has become more and more difficult due to the shortage of spare parts. By 2018, according to the Committee of Public Transport Users in Caracas, 95% of cars, buses, and taxis were disabled, while the number of kennels, operated by anyone with the means to drive a vehicle, had increased. 25%. Luis Alberto Salazar, president of the committee and its main spokesman, has affirmed that in Venezuela there are at least 150,000 kennels. Oscar Gutiérrez, driver and union leader of the state of Miranda, has declared that for the same year only 10% of the 12,000 buses remained that was in the state, and according to the Interunion Transport Command at least 90% of the 300,000 units that covered the various routes of the country were in technical unemployment due to the lack of spare parts.
Rail transport
Caracas Subway
The Caracas Metro is one of the public transport systems that serves the city of Caracas, being the largest and oldest of those built in Venezuela. It was inaugurated on January 2, 1983, with 6.7 km. The metro is combined with the Metrobús routes, a bus system that departs from the stations and complements the service, making it possible to reach sectors where the metro does not have direct coverage. This pairing is known as the Metro-Metrobús System.
The Caracas Metro connects to the city of Los Teques, through the transfer at the common station of Las Adjuntas. At the La Rinconada station, belonging to Line 3 of the system, passengers can access the Caracas Libertador Simón Bolívar station of the Central Railway System, which makes trips to the commuter cities of Charallave and cua. Also a new IFE train line will connect La Rinconada with the Simón Bolívar International Airport, in Maiquetía, and the La Guaira Seaport. The Caracas Metro system offers other services to the public user:
- Metrobus Network, which is an integrated subway bus service that runs a total of 24 routes, in order to transfer users to other popular sectors and points of interest that are not close to a station. Routes include dormitory cities, close to the capital city.
- Telepheric system integrated into the metro system that serves popular sectors that are difficult to access by topography and low planning.
Valencia Metro
The Valencia Metro, an industrial city of Venezuela and capital of the Carabobo State, is an underground mass transit system that began operations in the pre-operational phase on November 18, 2006, with 4.7 km. of the 7 km. planned. Its commercial operation began a year later, on November 18, 2007, the date on which the stations also began operating: Las Ferias, Michelena, Santa Rosa and Lara.
The first stage of its tour begins in the south of the city, near the Plaza de Toros Monumental de Valencia and reaches the center of the city, on Avenida Cedeño. When it is completed, the project aims to draw up a network that crosses the length of the city of Valencia (from the south of the homonymous municipality, until reaching the other end of the Naguanagua Municipality), where at its northernmost end there will be an interconnection with the railway station that connects Valencia with the main maritime port of the country, Puerto Cabello, as with La Encrucijada of the Aragua State. This interconnection station is located right at the University of Carabobo, one of the universities in the center of the country.
A Metro Line 2 is also planned, which will cover the Zona Industrial-La Florida route and will interconnect with the second railway station in the state, located in the San Diego Municipality of the same city.
The Valencia metro is basically designed to form two lines, adding a total of 31 stations. Other system expansions are not ruled out. The construction process of the stations consists of the execution of cast walls to later proceed with the construction of the support infrastructure of the station in reinforced concrete. Each station has six escalators, two to give access from the street level to the Mezzanine level and the remaining four to access the platform level. The German company Siemens supplied the electrical equipment (signaling, telecommunication and electrification) and 12 vehicles.
Maracaibo Subway
The Maracaibo Metro, also called Metro del Sol Amado (by the nickname given to the city) or MetroMara (by the diminutive of "Maracaibo"), is a mass transportation system, located in the city of Maracaibo, Zulia State, Venezuela. It was inaugurated, with two stations, in a pre-operational way on November 25, 2006. Subsequently, the other four stations of the first stage of line 1 of the system would be put into operation. The German company Siemens was responsible for the automation, signaling, electrification and telecommunication systems; in addition to supplying the first 7 vehicles, based on the Prague metro model, which consists of three wagons, each with a length of 60 meters, a weight of 84 tons and a capacity of 200 people per vehicle. The train is green and silver in color; green refers to the ecological aspect, since they use electricity as a source of energy and silver refers to state-of-the-art technology. The wagons have AC, security glass, lighting systems, highly sensitive smoke detectors and alarms for emergencies; In addition to having a special area for the disabled. The architecture of the stations is inspired by the design of the bridge over the Lake, all with characteristics of a lakeside city. Initially, the system mobilized more than 150,000 people, while increasing tourism and the productive sector in the Zulia region.
Los Teques Subway
The Los Teques Metro is a suburban metro system that connects the city of Caracas with Los Teques, capital of Miranda State, in Venezuela, on its first line. It belongs to the Venezuelan State and has as shareholders the Miranda State Government, the C.A. Metro de Caracas and the Mayor's Office of Guaicaipuro of Miranda State. It was partially inaugurated on November 3, 2006. Its first section leaves the Las Adjuntas station of the Caracas Metro and ends at the Alí Primera station, formerly known as El Tambor, which is the name of the same sector of the city where the station is located, in Los Teques.
On October 22, 2007, the Ministry of Infrastructure inaugurated the second track of the first line of the Los Teques Metro, which was expected to reduce the waiting time on the platform, from 35 to 17 minutes, and to At the beginning of December, once the necessary tests and signaling were completed, and with the incorporation of new trains, it was projected that the waiting time would be reduced to just 5 minutes, in addition to the fact that the metro works on a regular schedule (it only worked on regular hours). run Saturdays and Sundays). As of November 19, 2007, the Los Teques Metro began operating as scheduled, operating on a regular schedule, transferring more than 31,000 users daily.
Transfer
The Integral Mass Transportation System of Barquisimeto or Transbarca, is a trolleybus system that serves the city of Barquisimeto and its metropolitan area in Venezuela. The project has two lines that run throughout the city, through the main road corridors, and two central terminals located to the east and west of the city, called header terminals. They are Units designed with high technology, to solve the congestion of public transport in Barquisimeto. The trolleybuses are manufactured according to the recommendations of German regulations for the assembly of urban buses with low platforms and without emission of pollutants. The articulated trolleybus, model neoplan N6321 electroliner, has a total capacity of approximately 160 passengers.
Trollmerid
The Mérida Trolleybus Mass Transportation System or Trolmérida, is a mass transportation system that consists of two Trolleybus lines that connect the cities of Mérida and Ejido, belonging to the Mérida metropolitan area, in the Los Andes Region Venezuelans. To this is added a third line of the funicular system, similar to the San Agustín Metrocable in Caracas, called Funicular del Chama and/or Trolcable, which connects the city of Mérida with the town of San Jacinto, allowing greater access and connection to the populations of the so-called Cuenca del Chama, made up of the towns of Chama, Chamita, Urb. Carabobo, El Arenal, Santa Catalina, Don Perucho, La Fría and El Conscripto; all these suburbs of the City of Merida.
TransCarabobo
The Carabobo Mass Transportation System or simply TransCarabobo, is a mass transportation system of the Carabobo State, in Venezuela, especially in the cities of Valencia, Guacara, Puerto Cabello and Naguanagua. It is of the BRT type and was inaugurated on July 11, 2014, in the hands of the Government of President Nicolás Maduro, as part of the Transportation Mission. It began operating the same day, with two routes only in the Valencia city. Later, new routes were added in the cities of Guacara, Puerto Cabello and Naguanagua.
TransCarabobo has a central station, located adjacent to the South Recreational Park, where the units and workshops patio is located, from where two trunk lines also leave. By April 2015, new routes would be activated in the municipalities of Carlos Arvelo, Los Guayos, Diego Ibarra and Libertador.
Metrocable
The Caracas Metrocable is a cable car system integrated into the Caracas Metro, designed so that the inhabitants of the neighborhoods of Caracas, usually located in mountainous areas, can be transported more quickly and safely to the center of the city. It functions as a metrobus-style feeder route.
TransMaracay
It is a mass transportation system, located in the city of Maracay, it was inaugurated in April 2015 with an initial stretch of 8.1 kilometers and 11 stations that run through some of the most popular sectors of this city. TransMaracay has two central stations, adjacent to the San Jacinto and Tapa-Tapa fairgrounds, where the patios of the units and workshops are located, from where the trunk line also leaves. This began operating with Chinese buses, brand Yutong, with a 30-minute journey and 3-minute wait between stations. The first stage has 30 buses, with a capacity for 180 people and a cost of 480 thousand dollars each. These are articulated buses that work in an exclusive channel and with diesel. The units have security cameras, air conditioning and preferential areas.
Cabletrain
It is an Automated People Mover system, built within the guidelines of the Government of Venezuela for social integration. It is part of the state anonymous company Metro de Caracas and was built by the Brazilian construction company Norberto Odebrecht and the Austrian company Doppelmayr Cable Car.
Oil and gas pipelines
- Crude oil. 6.370 km
- Oil derivatives. 480 km
- Natural gas. 4.010 km
Ports
Venezuela's ports all face the Caribbean Sea, with the exception of Puerto Ordaz, Palua and Matanzas, which are in Ciudad Guayana at the mouth of the Caroní River in the Orinoco; the construction of a port to the Atlantic Ocean in the Orinoco Delta and a port belonging to Venezuela in the Colombian Pacific for oil products is proposed.
The main ports of Venezuela are Amuay, Bajo Grande, El Tablazo, La Guaira, La Salina, Maracaibo, Matanzas (Guayana City), Palúa (Guayana City), Puerto Cabello, Puerto La Cruz, Puerto Ordaz (Guayana City), La Ceiba, La Vela, Puerto Cumarebo, Puerto Sucre, Guanta International Port, Punta Cardón and Punta de Piedras.
Airports
By 1999, Venezuela had approximately 366 airports.
Airports with paved runways
total: 122
over 3,047 m: 5
between 2,438 and 3,047 m: 10
between 1,524 and 2,437 m: 32
between 914 and 1,523 m: 58
less than 914 m:17 (1999 est.)
Airports with a dirt runway
total: 244
between 1,524 and 2,437 m: 10
between 914 and 1,523 m: 93
less than 914 m: 141 (1999 est.)
Heliports
+ of 1 (1999 est.)
Under construction
- Maracaibo: TransMaracaibo
- Bolivar City: TransBolivar
- Caracas - Guarenas - Guatire: Metro de Guarenas-Guatire