Tlapa de Comonfort

Tlapa de Comonfort (from Nahuatl: tlapalli, tlapaqui 'dye, dyer'< span style="font-color:#2F4F4F">'place of inkwells or where dyeing is done'), known simply as Tlapa, is a Mexican city in the state of Guerrero and its once the head of the homonymous municipality. It is located 342 kilometers from Mexico City and is part of the La Montaña region of said entity.

The city of Tlapa de Comonfort is connected by land by Federal Highway 93, which crosses the city and connects the state capital Chilpancingo with the town of Jilotepec, the latter close to the border with the state of Puebla..

It is the fifth most populated city in the state, accumulating a total of 59,580 inhabitants in 2020, according to the latest official count and delimitation carried out in 2020 jointly by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, the National Population Council and the Ministry of Social Development.

When Tlapa was annexed to the State of Guerrero, an economic turn began in the municipality. Before this date, the peasants of Tlapa who were still part of the state of Puebla continued their past economic activities. In the context shaken by the Wars of Independence, Indian communities strengthened their autonomy and their negotiation capacities with the state and the clergy. In short, they continued an evolution that began in the middle of the 18th century. In 1830, the Caste War took place between the indigenous people and the Spanish. Currently the city of Tlapa is the main commercial, educational and service center in the region. Like the most populated and modern city in the La Montaña region, in addition to concentrating the main public and private establishments.

Toponymy

For some historians the word Tlapa comes from the Nahuatl word: Tlappan or Tluhpan, which means “place where they wash”; There are others who maintain that it means “place of dyers” and finally, others claim that it comes from the Nahuatl word: Tlachichlopa, which means “burnt town.”

The municipality was founded in 1850 when the State of Guerrero was erected. On October 22, 1890, it obtained the addition of “Comonfort”, when its rank was elevated from a town to a city.

The Comonfort addition is in honor of General Ignacio Comonfort, a liberal soldier in the Ayutla Revolution.. The Organic Law of Territorial Division of May 30, 1908, recognizes it as “Ciudad Comonfort”, who as military commander and prefect, made several material and administrative improvements in this city, eventually occupying the Presidency of the Republic. As additional information, Tlapa is read as Tinda'i in Mixtec.

History

On March 20, 1824, by Decree, it was mentioned as a party of the state of Puebla. On May 27, 1837, by Decree, it was a district of the party of the same name in the state of Puebla. On October 27, 1849, it joined the new state of Guerrero. On March 12, 1850, by Decree number 16, the name of the district of Tlapa was changed to the district of Morelos. On October 22, 1880, by Decree number 44, Tlapa received the rank of city and the addition “of Comonfort”, in memory of President Ignacio Comonfort. The municipality was named Tlapa, by mandate of the Territorial Division Law of August 6, 1952 and official letter number 3044 of November 9, 1953, with Alejandro Gómez Maganda being governor of the state.

Geography

Climate

The predominant climates are: semi-warm subhumid and warm subhumid, with an average temperature of 24 °C from April to June. The rainy season occurs in summer, with average precipitation of 772 mm.

Average climate parameters of Tlapa
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Temp. max. abs. (°C)	40.1	43.5	43.5	45.5	46.0	43.5	42.5	40.5	39.5	38.5	41.6	37.1	46.0
Average temperature (°C)	31.0	33.0	35.5	36.7	36.3	33.1	32.0	32.1	31.3	31.7	31.5	30.8	32.9
Average temperature (°C)	21.9	23.6	25.9	27.6	28.0	26.6	25.6	25.6	25.1	24.5	23.1	21.9	25.0
Temp. medium (°C)	12.8	14.1	16.2	18.5	19.8	20.1	19.2	19.2	18.9	17.2	14.7	13.1	17.0
Temp. min. abs. (°C)	2.0	5.0	6.0	11.5	12.0	12.0	12.5	14.5	9.5	7.0	6.3	5.0	2.0
Total precipitation (mm)	6.9	3.7	7.5	23.0	76.3	163.4	137.4	139.9	133.9	61.3	11.4	7.5	772.2
Precipitation days (≥ 1 mm)	0.7	0.6	0.7	2.3	6.8	14.1	14.3	14.6	14.2	6.3	1.3	0.9	76.8
Source: National Meteorological Service

Flora

Deciduous forest is widespread; This is distinguished because it is formed by trees that shed their leaves during the dry season. Due to the orographic heights of the municipality, there are pine and oak forests.

Fauna

The most common species are: rabbit, opossum, deer, iguana, skunk , coyote, badger, fox, snake, buzzard, pigeon, hawk, grackle and scorpion, among others. Some of these animals have been moving away from the population due to the destruction of their habitats such as deer and iguana.

Natural Resources

There are places where minerals such as copper, magnesium and zinc are extracted. Timber resources are exploited to be sold in different parts of the city, either to be used as health remedies or as ornamental plants. The trees are felled, leaving large cleared areas that are not reforested.

Hydrography

The most important river in the municipality is considered to be the Tlapaneco River, which runs down the interior slope of the Sierra Madre del Sur to enter the banks of the city; It is also considered a tributary of the Balsas River, a variety of river fish, insects such as dragonflies and mosquitoes live in the river; as well as toads and frogs. There are also rivers of importance for crop irrigation in the surrounding towns such as: Zapotitlán, Igualita, Chiquito, Grandecomo. The Atlenti and La Montaña streams are temporary runoff that occurs during the rainy season.

Orography

The region is located in the Sierra Madre del Sur, a mountain range located in southern Mexico. This makes most of the surface of the city and the municipality mountainous; Therefore, the city is considered The Heart of the Mountain. The mountainous area represents 70% of the surface; semi-flat areas occupy 20%; and the flat ones 10%. Among the main elevations, the Mazatepec hills or known as the deer hill, El Mirador, stand out, named because one of the faces of the hill resembles the face of a man; De la Cruz, so called because a cross and El Colorado are embedded in the top of the hill; Their heights vary from 1000 to 2000 m s. n. m.

Territory

On March 20, 1824, by Decree, it was mentioned as a party of the state of Puebla. On May 27, 1837, by Decree, it was a district of the party of the same name in the state of Puebla. On October 27, 1849, it joined the new state of Guerrero. On March 12, 1850, by Decree number 16, the name of the district of Tlapa was changed to the district of Morelos. On October 22, 1880, by Decree number 44, Tlapa received the rank of city and the addition “of Comonfort”, in memory of President Ignacio Comonfort. The municipality was named Tlapa, by mandate of the Territorial Division Law of August 6, 1952 and official letter number 3044 of November 9, 1953, with Alejandro Gómez Maganda being governor of the state.

Government

Currently the government of Tlapa de Comonfort is made up of

• Municipal President, represented by Gilberto Solano Arreagaby the coalition "We're going X TLAPA" formed by the PRD Revolutionary Democratic Party and the PRI Institutional Revolution Party for the period 2021-2024.
• Assistant Attorney for Justice
• Secretary-General
• 10 regivers
  • Regidor de Cultura
  • Regidor de Desarrollo Urbano
  • Regidor de Comercio
  • Rural Development Manager
  • Health Regidor
  • Environment
  • Migrant Care Regiver
  • Gender Equity Regiver
  • Indigenous Affairs
  • Regidor de Educación

Legislative representation

For the election of local Deputies to the Congress of the State of Guerrero and of federal Deputies to the Chamber of Deputies of Mexico, Tlapa de Comonfort is integrated into the following electoral districts:

Local

District	Head	Representative	Sections	Party	Ref.
XXVII Local Electoral District of Guerrero	Tlapa de Comonfort	Erika Valencia Cardona	97
XXVIII Local Electoral District of Guerrero	Tlapa de Comonfort	Aristotle Titus Arroyo	102.

Federal

District	Head	Representative	Sections	Party	Ref.
V Distrito Federal de Guerrero	Tlapa de Comonfort	Javier Manzano Salazar	16

Demography

Population

According to the 2020 Population and Housing Census carried out by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) with a census date of March 2, 2020, the city of Tlapa de Comonfort had until that then 59,580 inhabitants. It is the fifth most populated city in the State of Guerrero, behind Acapulco, Chilpancingo, Iguala and Zihuatanejo.

Colonies

It is divided into 39 colonies that are arranged as follows:

1. 5 May
2. Expansion Ejido San Francisco
3. Aviation
4. Benito Juárez
5. Good view
6. Caltitlán
7. Centro Tlapa de Comonfort
8. Constitution
9. Cuba
10. The Dorado
11. The Danger
12. Emiliano Zapata
13. Figueroa
14. Fovissste
15. Garden of Children
16. The Angosture
17. La Palma
18. Tables
19. Lazarus Cárdenas
20. Loma Bonita
21. The Zapotales
22. Mirasol
23. Monte Sinaí
24. New Jerusalem
25. Contlalco Pyramids
26. Rebirth
27. San Antonio
28. San Diego
29. San Francisco
30. San Marcos
31. San Nicolás Vista Hermosa
32. Santa Anita
33. Tepeyac
34. Vicente Guerrero
35. Military zone

Some others are not properly registered but are part of this city.

1. Las Palmas
2. Eagles
3. Reform
4. Nazareth
5. The Water
6. Monte Olivo
7. Military Room Unit
8. Monte Gosen
9. Philadelphia
10. Luis Donaldo Colosio
11. New Paradise
12. Plaza San lucas
13. Xochimilco
14. The Shunning
15. Jerusalem
16. New Jerusalem
17. The Spring

• May 5th entrance to the city coming from Chilpancingo, in turn it is also main entrance that connects part of the mountain (Malina, Acatepec, A. del monte, etc.)

• Center: Most of the businesses and the Margarita Maza de Juárez market are located.
• Aviation: for its great influx of people and the New Horizon market.
• San Francisco: is one of the most extensive and populated, it houses on its grounds the bus terminals and self-service shops.
• Loma Bonita: has its own parish, water tank.
• Santa Anita: it has its own parish and is one of the most extensive.
• Cuba: of the oldest colonies in the city.
• San Diego: the oldest neighborhood in the city.
• San Antonio: The panoramic view of the city is beautiful.
• Pyramides de Contlalco: there is an archaeological site and the main destination of microbuses.
• Military Zone: the infantry battalion, the State Police headquarters and the Women ' s Institute are located.
• Ejido de San Francisco: for having in its territories the Higher Technological Institute of the Mountain and the main agricultural areas.
• El Peligro: adjacent to the center and there are some resorts.
• Benito Juárez: border with the Lazaro Cárdenas, Cuba and San Antonio colonies.
• Lázaro Cárdenas: near the river Jale (cuba), the Benito Juárez colony and rebirth.
• Renaissance: with Lazaro Cárdenas and Cuba.
• Progress: near the river jale, next to the golden side of the Aztec below the tables above the cube.
• La Angostura: adjacent to the Tepeyac colony.
• Las Palmas: in this colony you can get a view of much of the city and you can contemplate a natural vegetation of palms in the "Cerro del Palmar".

Culture

Historical monuments and places of interest

Tlapa de Comonfort has some historical buildings, which are protected in the state by the Public Registry of Monuments and Archaeological Zones of the INAH, according to the Federal Law on Monuments and Archaeological, Artistic and Historical Zones of Mexico.

Civil architecture

• Community Museum in the municipal capital and San Miguel Xoyatlán.
• Kiosko in the center of the city's Zócalo.

Religious architecture

• The Cathedral of St. Augustine dates back to the year of 1500, founded by the Augustinian friars who evangelized the people. A bust of the warlord of Independence, General Vicente Guerrero; an arch, symbol of the war triumphs in the different battles. Both located in the municipal head.

Festivals and Traditions

On October 23, Christ Crucified is venerated, who is known as the Lord of the Niche; The traditional dances of Los Tecuanes and Los Moros participate.

Featured Characters

• Othon Salazar, Revolutionary
• Ignacio Comonfort, President of the Republic, moderate liberal who highlighted in the Revolution of Ayutla
• Elpidio Cortés Piza, revolutionary
• Victorian Maldonado, revolutionary
• Francisco Romano Guillemin (1883-1950), plastic artist
• Natalio Balbuena Parra, written and poet
• Juan Mendiola, defender of the People of Tlapa
• Rafael Basurto Lara, Voice of Los Panchos
• Antonio Gálvez, revolutionary
• Benjamin Fernandez, promoter of culture
• Felipe Pacheco, military
• Jesus Salmerón García, a leading chronicler of the city, recognized for his literary works, was a teacher and director.
• Moses Pacheco, historian
• Angel Salazar, teacher, musician and composer

Economy

The economy of Tlapa is based mainly on economic activities such as agriculture, livestock, industry and commerce.

Nopal crops, one of the main productions in the area.

Agriculture

In agricultural activity, the main products that stand out in production are: corn, cactus, beans, onion, tomato, chili and rice.

Livestock

There are livestock species of both large and small livestock, of which the former include cattle, goats, pigs, horses and sheep. Regarding the latter, there are fattening birds, laying birds and turkeys, as well as beehives.

Industry

Nixtamal mills, tortillerias, partition factories, weaving factories, partition and lattice factories, fine and ordinary palm hat finishing, huaracherías, leather tanners, carpentry shops and the production of ordinary palm.

Trade

In the municipal seat, there is a market and a flea market and rural winery, warehouses of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food, for storage of fertilizers; warehouses of the Fideicomiso de la Palma (FIDEPAL) for the purchase and storage of palm hats, a warehouse promoted by Small Business (IMPECSA), which is responsible for directly supporting private initiative and is dedicated to distributing goods to medium and small merchants and fertilizer warehouse.

Businesses, Stores and Banks

In the city of Tlapa de Comonfort, Guerrero, there are a wide variety of shops, stores, cooperatives and commercial banks, among which are:

• Eco-Cooperative Network
• A BBVA Bank
• A grocery store
• A Chedraui Group Super Chedraui Store
• An Elektra store
• Two shops Neto
• A Telas Parisina shop
• A Banamex Bank
• Two Aztec Banks
• A Welfare Bank
• HSBC Bank
• Share Bank
• House of Change Delgado Travel
• Intermex Exchange House
• Local Business Super Tony, Rocha and Super Juquila
• Three Similar Pharmacies

Tourism

The tourist attractions in the headland are the fruit tree orchards on the banks of the Tlapaneco River and the Augustinian convent from the 16th century. The mines of Contlalco, the Axoxuca waterfall and the archaeological zone of Chiepetlán. In addition, it has a community museum that exhibits archaeological pieces located in the area and fetishes found in different parts of the municipality; It also contains objects of local history, traditions and customs; There is another more modest museum in San Miguel Zoyatlán.

Transportation

Transportation Routes

The city has three important exits, they are:

• The Federal Highway 93, which crosses the city and communicates with the cities of Chilpancingo and Puebla.
• La Carretera Tlapa - Marquelia that communicates the corridor Mountain with the Costa Chica Corridor in the State.
• The Libration of Tlapa that breaks down the road traffic of the city in the peak hour.

Avenues

The main avenues of the city are the following:

• Heroic Military College: Take part of the Federal Highway 93 from the arch and end at Paseo Celeste.
• Hidalgo: Starts from the banks of the Jale River to the "Y".
• Morelos: Starts in the "Y" and ends up the Jale River.
• Guerrero: starts on the banks of the Jale River to the El Tepeyac colony.
• Pyramides de Contlalco: starts at the "Y" until the exit to Puebla.
• Marquelia: begins in the enthrone with H. Military College and ends in the Constitution colony.
• Airport: starts in the entronque with H. Military College and ends in entronque with the Marquelia.

Services

The City Council provides the population with the following services: Public Security, Banks, Electricity, Drinking water and sewage, Parks and Gardens, Transportation, Pantheon, Municipal market.

In the municipal seat, the population has the most necessary means of communication, such as: Postal Agency, a Mexican telephone exchange and home automatic telephone services (LADA), automatic telephone booths (LADA) and Telcel and Movistar mobile telephony. It also has Cablemas and VeTV sky TV services.

Education

The municipal seat has basic, high school and higher education levels in the public and private sphere, of which the following stand out:

• Preschool
• Angel Miranda Basurto, center
• Josefina Castañeda, Colonia Cuba
• Xochconotl, Colonia El Peligro
• Tlachichinolapa, Col Aviación
• Rafael Ramírez - Colonia Tepeyac
• R. Leyva Mancilla - Colonia San Francisco
• Benito Juárez - Colonia Caltitlan
• Yoloxochitl - Lazaro Cárdenas colony
• Azteca - Contlalco colony

Primary Schools

• Adolofo Lopez Mateos - El Tepeyac Colony
• Lazaro Cárdenas - Central colony
• Ignacio Manuel Altamirano - Centre
• Caritino Maldonado - Lazaro Cárdenas colony
• Just Sierra - San Francisco Colony
• Luis Donaldo Colosio - Caltitlán colony
• Rafael Ramírez - Santa Anita colony
• Galileo - Cuban colony
• Nicolás Bravo - Aviación colony
• Ignacio Zaragoza - May 5th Colony
• Vicente Guerrero _ Colonia San Antonio
• Instituto de ciencias y artes del prado (closed)

Secondary Schools

• Gral. Juan N. Álvarez - Aviación colony
• Sr Juana Ines de la Cruz - Contlalco Colony
• Gral. Lazaro Cárdenas del Río - Emiliano Zapata Colony
• Escuela Secundaria Particular Paz Vallejo Muriana - Colonia Centro
• Caritino Maldonado Pérez - Contlalco Colony

Upper Medium

• Prepa 11 Academic Unit (UAGro) - San Francisco Colony
• CBTis n.o 178 - Contlalco colony
• CBACH - Ejido de San Francisco
• CONALEP - Contlalco colony
• COBACH - colony May 5
• CIESA (private incorp. a la UAGro) - Centro Colony

Superior

• Instituto Tecnológico Superior de la Montaña - Ejido de San Francisco
• UAGRO Faculty of Law and Nursing - San Francisco Colony
• Universidad Pedagógica Nacional - Tlapa - Ejido de San Francisco
• South Pacific University Centre (closed) - Centre
• Spanish Ibero-American Institute (private) - Central colony.
• Regional Normal School of Mountain - Centre Colony

Transportation

Taxis

In the city there are several collective taxi sites, among the most notable are:

• Juárez
• Mr. of the Nicho
• Ignacio Comonfort
• Mixed and moving taxis
• Aviation site
• 16 September
• Elite

Collectives

It has urban transportation that connects the neighborhoods with the city center and various educational sites. As it is the commercial center of the region, buses leave from the city to all parts of the Mountain region.

Passenger Buses

Several bus lines arrive to the city of Tlapa and they are the following:

Social problems

Pollution

In previous years, the city had a river with a defined flow, but with the increase in the looting of construction materials (sand, gravel, etc.) and since there was no competent authority to stop overexploitation, it has deteriorated. With all of this, the drainage waters are poured into the riverbed, destroying pollution towards lower towns and municipalities.

The burning of garbage: In the municipal garbage dump, thus causing the smoke to move towards the city. In the streets of the city, people paid (by the City Council) are in charge of sweeping the garbage of the inhabitants of Tlapa.