Tlalpan

Tlalpan is one of the 16 territorial demarcations of Mexico City. Its territory represents 20.7% of the total city, being the mayor's office with the largest territorial extension. More than 80 percent of its territory is conservation land, offering important environmental services such as: aquifer recharge, oxygen generation, and carbon dioxide capture. It has the Tlalpan forest where families go to do sports activities and the Fuentes Brotantes. Its geographical limits are set by the decrees of 1899 and 1970^{[citation required]}, which mention that it limits to the north with the mayoralties Magdalena Contreras, Álvaro Obregón and Coyoacán; to the east with Xochimilco and Milpa Alta; to the south with the state of Morelos; and to the west with the State of Mexico, corresponding to the municipalities of Xalatlaco, Tianguistenco and Ocoyoacac and the Magdalena Contreras mayor's office.

In 2004, Tlalpan was the fifth demarcation of Mexico City, and the tenth nationally, with the highest human development index in Mexico due to the quality of its services and education, its intense commercial activity and for being considered a residential area with a high purchasing and real estate level.

Origin of name

It is known by that name because, unlike the Xochimilcas and Mexicas, Tlalpan was never on the banks of the lagoon, and therefore its inhabitants did not live or farm in chinampas. The toponymy is Nahuatl: Tlalli = land; ipan = on; that is to say "on earth" or "on dry land".

Shield

It is a double circle inside which there are stones that mean “earth” and a foot print and outside the double circle the word Tlalpan appears. This shield was adopted under the Organic Law of the Federal District on December 29, 1970.

History

Cuicuilco pyramid.

Origins

The Tepanecs, and later the Otomi, populated what is now known as Tlalpan. The main archaeological zone is Cuicuilco, which has a circular structure 80 m in diameter and 20 m high, which testifies to the first stable human settlement and with a developed social organization. This settlement was founded in the northern part of the current Tlalpan delegation around the year 200 BC, which remained until the Xitle volcano erupted. Most of the surviving inhabitants of the eruption migrated to other areas and others settled in the vicinity of the scree formed after the eruption. Various archaeological remains have been located in the area, one of them was in the area now called Mesa Los Hornos, discovered when excavations were being made to obtain mud and make bricks.

Cologne

Tlalpan belonged to the Marquesado del Valle de Oaxaca, under the control of Hernán Cortés and his descendants. The road that crossed the lake to connect it to Mexico City and which is now known as Calzada de Tlalpan was built between 1535 and 1551 by Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza. In the year 1537, this jurisdiction suffered its first land demarcation, when the authorities decided to regulate the use of water from the springs among the natives living in the towns of Tochíhuli, Peña Pobre, Coscomate and Tlalpixca. The Spaniards brought to the native populations various images that give it its name, sometimes together with its indigenous name: Santo Tomás Ajusco, San Miguel Ajusco, La Magdalena Petlacalco, San Miguel Xicalco, San Pedro Mártir, Santa Úrsula Tochico (Xitla), San Miguel Topilejo, Chimalcoyoc and San Andres Totoltepec.

19th century

José María Morelos y Pavón arrived in the town in 1815, to be locked up in a high viewpoint called "La torre de Santa Inés", from which he was tried and sentenced to die.

Due to the constitution of 1824, the territory of the Tlalpan delegation is identified as San Agustín de las Cuevas, by decree of the Congress of the State of Mexico — an entity to which it belonged since 1824 —, a name that it retains until September 25 from 1827, when it was granted the title of city and given the name of Tlalpan, which means "place on earth". It was the capital of the State of Mexico. Here the Mint of the State of Mexico was built. Finally, on November 26, 1855, by presidential decree, it was incorporated into the Federal District as the head of the South Prefecture, whose demarcation included Coyoacán, San Ángel, Xochimilco and reached the Peñón Viejo (Iztapalapa and Iztacalco).

In the XIX century, the first factory was founded in the town of Santa Úrsula Xitla next to the current national park Sprouting sources. This is the La Fama Montañesa spinning and weaving factory, which gives its name to the neighborhood.

20th century

In 1903, Tlalpan was one of the 13 municipalities into which the Federal District was divided, by a law issued by President Porfirio Díaz. In 1928 the municipalities of the Federal District are suppressed and Tlalpan becomes a Delegation.

Between the years 1917-1920, the Peña Pobre paper mill was located, which gave a boost to the economic development of the Delegation.

In the middle of the XX century, it underwent a process of expansion that turned it into a metropolitan area, and the thriving development gave it it lost a large part of its rural extensions.

When the Peripheral Ring was put into operation in the 1960s, colonies such as Isidro Fabela and Pedregal de Carrasco, among others, were created. By the 1970s, in the eastern zone, housing complexes of medium and residential interest were developed with sufficient services, as in the western zone. With the construction of the Panorámica al Ajusco highway, colonies such as Héroes de Padierna, Lomas de Padierna, etc. began to be created. At the end of the 70s and the beginning of the 80s, a strong growth of urban sprawl originated in the south west due to fraudulent promotions and the illegal sale of lots.

Between 1980 and 1995, Tlalpan achieved its consolidation as a delegation of services; mainly in the Coapa area where department stores, educational centers and large single-family and multi-family housing areas are concentrated. Another consolidated area is that of Hospitals, the branch office building and various administrative centers, public and private offices.

Timeline of Historical Facts

La Fama Montañesa Factory Church, founded in 1831

Physical geography

The political and administrative center of Tlalpan is located in the heart of what was once the pre-Hispanic town of Tlalli pan (from Nahuatl, "place on earth"). The name alludes to its status as a town on the mainland, since Tlalpan is located to the south of what used to be Lake Texcoco: it was the first town on the mainland that a traveler found leaving from the south of Tenochtitlán, capital of the Aztec empire.

During the viceroyalty it was a general custom to try to group the scattered settlements: congregate them in a smaller space around a Catholic temple, for a better evangelization of the indigenous people and to have control over the availability of their workforce. Thus, in the XVI century, the towns of Ajusco were founded.

These towns are, in order from Mexico City to Cuernavaca, San Pedro Mártir, San Andrés Totoltepec; entering to the right (through Mexico Avenue), San Miguel Xicalco, Magdalena Petlacalco, San Miguel Ajusco and Santo Tomás Ajusco; following the road to Cuernavaca again, after kilometer 25, on the left side, Topilejo; after kilometer 28, and continuing until the end, Parres, end of the mayor's office.

The current territory of the Tlalpan delegation encompasses more than what was originally the town of San Agustín de las Cuevas. The delegation is divided into five Territorial Zones, with Zone 5 (called "Rural Towns") being the largest, with 80% of the total territory. 83% of the population (calculated at 600,000 inhabitants in 2004) is concentrated in the other four Territorial Zones, of an urban type.

Climate

Tlalpan has five types or subtypes of climates. 32 percent of the area of the delegation has a temperate sub-humid climate with summer rains and higher humidity. 6 percent of the surface has a temperate sub-humid climate with summer rains and medium humidity. The 0.33 percent of the territorial extension has a temperate sub-humid temperature with rains in summer and less humidity. In 17.7 percent, the humid semi-cold atmosphere predominates with abundant rains in summer. In 44 percent of the demarcation there is a semi-cold sub-humid climate with summer rains, with higher humidity.

In this way, the climate varies from temperate sub-humid in the northern part to semi-cold sub-humid as the altitude increases until it becomes semi-cold humid in the highest parts.

Average climate parameters of Tlalpan - Central Zone (1951-2010)
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Temp. max. abs. (°C)	28.5	30.5	33.5	38.5	35.5	36.0	30.5	30.0	29.0	29.5	29.0	27.5	38.5
Average temperature (°C)	21.0	22.3	24.8	25.4	25.2	23.8	22.6	22.6	22.0	22.1	21.4	20.4	22.8
Average temperature (°C)	12.7	13.8	15.9	17.0	17.5	17.3	16.4	16.4	16.2	15.5	13.9	12.8	15.5
Temp. medium (°C)	4.5	5.4	7.0	8.6	9.8	10.7	10.2	10.2	10.4	8.9	6.5	5.1	8.1
Temp. min. abs. (°C)	-5.0	-1.0	-2.0	2.0	4.5	6.0	6.0	5.0	2.5	1.0	-0.2	-3.5	-5.0
Total precipitation (mm)	10.9	5.3	10.3	25.1	69.5	163.6	217.9	214.1	192.2	79.4	15.1	5.3	1008.7
Precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	1.6	1.5	2.2	5.7	10.9	16.2	21.0	20.6	18.0	9.0	2.8	1.3	110.8
Source: National Meteorological Service (Mexico)

Average climate parameters of Tlalpan - Ajusco Zone (1951-2010)
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Temp. max. abs. (°C)	24.5	24.0	26.0	29.0	27.0	24.0	23.5	30.5	22.0	26.0	21.5	21.5	30.5
Average temperature (°C)	15.3	16.3	18.3	19.3	19.2	17.6	16.2	16.5	15.9	16.1	15.8	15.4	16.8
Average temperature (°C)	9.1	10.0	11.7	13.1	13.4	12.6	11.6	11.9	11.6	11.1	10.2	9.7	11.3
Temp. medium (°C)	2.8	3.7	5.2	6.9	7.6	7.6	7.1	7.4	7.3	6.2	4.6	3.9	5.9
Temp. min. abs. (°C)	-6.0	-3.0	-3.0	-2.0	3.0	1.0	2.0	2.5	0.0	-1.5	-4.0	-5.5	-6.0
Total precipitation (mm)	16.3	10.5	14.8	36.1	93.0	203.7	223.5	231.3	203.4	76.0	12.2	9.0	1129.8
Precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	2.0	2.1	3.3	6.6	12.9	18.6	23.6	21.9	19.9	9.3	3.3	2.0	125.5
Source: National Meteorological Service (Mexico)

Orography

The Ajusco is in Tlalpense territory.

In the southern part of the delegation is the Sierra de Ajusco-Chichinauhtzin, where the main forested areas of Mexico City are preserved, as well as fifteen mountains over three thousand meters high. These include: the Cruz del Marqués hill with 3,930 meters, and the Pico del Águila hill, with 3,880 meters, being the two highest elevations in the demarcation and which in turn are part of the extinct Ajusco volcano.

In this orographic system, there are also: the Pelado volcano, the Oyameyo volcano and the Xitle. The latter, a volcanic cone whose name in Nahuatl means navel, is a place of recreation well known by the people of Tlalpan and even by other delegations of the Federal District. It is attended mainly by fans of mountaineering and eco-tourism.^{[citation required]}

A series of valleys and plains are also part of the system, such as: Llano del Vidrio, Llano del Quepil, Valle del Malacatepec, Valle del Tezontle and Valle de la Cantimplora. All of them have access from the Picacho-Ajusco highway and attract residents of Mexico City and its surroundings as places of recreation and entertainment.

These sites allow you recreational activities and get to know the ecosystem that is around Ajusco.

Hydrography

The hydrographic network is made up of intermittent streams that generally travel short distances to get lost in the areas with the highest degree of permeability. At the moment only the channels of those that were rivers of important flow exist: San Buenaventura and San Juan de Dios.

The nutrient source of the San Buenaventura was the Pedregal del Xitle, to the south of this volcano. Both rivers only resume their flow in the rainy season due to the water currents that come down from the hills and fertilize the plains of Tlalpan.

The San Buenaventura River runs from West to East and the San Juan de Dios from South to North. The first joins Lake Xochimilco, through Tomatlán and heads towards Mexico City under the name of Canal de la Viga. The San Juan de Dios river is joined by a tributary river that descends from Pedregal del Xitle.

Near the town of Parres passes the river of the same name, whose source is in the Caldera El Guarda hill. This river is also joined by the rain currents from Cerro Oyameyo and finally flows into the San Lucas dam, Xochimilco.

The Eslava River is intermittent, has a fixed channel and limits the Tlalpan and Magdalena Contreras delegations.

Nature

Due to the territorial extension of Tlalpan and that it is mostly conservation land, it has the greatest biodiversity in Mexico City. In its territory there are large forested areas such as the Tlalpan Forest, which are home to flora and fauna endemic.

Flora

It is made up of the so-called palo loco (Pittocaulon praecox) which exists extensively and covers the entire Pedregal. This species is a variety of heterogeneous scrub with differences in its floral composition. Pirul and oak of several hard species are also produced mainly. It is followed by the variety of pine, to the south and southeast of Xitle, and in the high regions of Ajusco. Finally, there are varieties of ocote, Jacalote, oyamel and aile. In the mountainous areas there are coniferous forests and various species of cedars. The arboreal vegetation is made up of the strawberry tree, spoon and pomegranate. Only on the tops of the hills does a variety of ferns and mosses grow. Coarse grass, rat tail zacatón, zacayumaque, white grass, broom grass and yellow grass also grow abundantly. Inside the bushes, jarilla verde, lemongrass, bramble broom or perlilla, chia, stink and marjoram grow.

Wildlife

• Wild Fauna: tlacuache, rabbit, squirrel, armadillo, cacomixtle and tuza, Moctezuma frog, cascabel viper, cincuate, zacatuche, tree frog, kangaroo rat, hummingbird, sparrow, weasel, raccoon. In high and remote regions of the urban area there are mammals such as the zorrillo and the coyote.

Urban geography

Territorial division

The Tlalpan mayor's office is divided into 178 neighborhoods, 10 towns, 7 neighborhoods and a national park.

Tlalpan borders to the north with the delegations of La Magdalena Contreras, Álvaro Obregón and Coyoacán. To the East with Xochimilco and Milpa Alta; to the south with the municipalities of Huitzilac (Morelos) and Tianguistenco (State of Mexico). To the West again with Tianguistenco and with Xalatlaco and Ocoyoacac, from the same state, as well as with La Magdalena Contreras.

Subdivisions and Zones in Tlalpan

Tlalpan has too many subdivisions, some of them have great exclusivity and are very prestigious, not only for Tlalpan but also for Mexico City. It has areas known throughout the city, such as El Pedregal de San Ángel, Coapa, Tepepan, among others. Of the most important and exclusive subdivisions in Tlalpan are:

• • Jardines del Pedregal
  • Gardens of the Mountain
  • Tlalpan Forests
  • Ajusco Gardens
  • Vergel de Coyoacán

Among others.

Zones

Some of the best-known areas in Tlalpan and some in all of Mexico City are:

• Pedregal: The best known colonies in the Pedregal are:
  • Sources of the Pedregal
  • Pedregal de San Angel
  • Gardens in the Mountain

Among other colonies. In the delegation are, among others, the Tlalpan Centro, Toriello Guerra, Miguel Hidalgo (and its expansion), Fuentes Brotantes, Tepeximilpa, Tepetongo, Mesa de los Hornos, Cruz del Farol, Paraje 38, Pedregal de Santa Úrsula Xitla, La Fama, Santísima Trinidad, Volcanoes, Tlalcoligia, La Joya, Pedregal del Lago, Pedregal de San Nicolás, Pedregal Fountains, Pedregal Parks, Mountain Gardens, Ajusco Gardens, Padierna Heroes, Padierna Hills, Quiet Town, Isidro Fabela, and the Villa Coapa area (Prado Coapa 3rd Section, Rinconada Coapa, etc.), Belisario Domìnguez Section XVI. Recently, through a long process, the Valle Verde neighborhood, which was previously part of Xochimilco, is now part of the Tlalpan delegation.

• Coapa: Coapa is undoubtedly a well-known area in Tlalpan, some of the colonies within this area carry the same name of Coapa, some of the most well-known colonies are:
  • Villa Coapa
  • Prados Coapa 3.a section
  • Prado Coapa 2.a section
  • Vergel Coapa
  • Narcis Mendoza
  • Farms Coapa
  • Among others.

• Huipulco: It is another well-known area of Tlalpan where shoe shops abound among others.

• San Fernando: It is an area in which the Hospital area. There are hospitals of great national and international importance, such as the Hospital of Cardiology, Cancerology, among others.

• San Juan: Also known as Colonias San Juan de Dios, is an area of Tlalpan. In it there are universities of great national and international prestige, such as the Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Mexico City, Ia Universidad del Valle de México, La Universidad del Pedregal among others. Some of San Juan's most important colonies are:
  • Hacienda de San Juan
  • Villa Lázaro Cárdenas
  • Chimalli
  • Southern groves

• Tepepan: This area is divided between the Tlalpan and Xochimilco Delegations, as well as many of the above, Tepepan is also mainly a residential area. In this area there are also some institutions such as the ESCA Unidad Tepepan of the National Polytechnic Institute, offices of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (IMPI), as well as the headquarters of the National Electoral Institute (INE). Some of Tepepan's most important colonies are:
  • Forest Hills
  • Arenal de Tepepan
  • Private in the Arenal

• Santa Ursula: It is also known for its proximity to the National Autonomous University of Mexico.

Among other colonies. In the delegation are, among others, the Tlalpan Centro, Toriello Guerra, Miguel Hidalgo (and its expansion), Fuentes Brotantes, Tepeximilpa, Tepetongo, Mesa de los Hornos, Cruz del Farol, Paraje 38, Pedregal de Santa Úrsula Xitla, La Fama, Santísima Trinidad, Volcanoes, Tlalcoligia, La Joya, Pedregal del Lago, Pedregal de San Nicolás, Pedregal Fountains, Pedregal Parks, Mountain Gardens, Ajusco Gardens, Padierna Heroes, Padierna Hills, Quiet Town, Isidro Fabela, and the Villa Coapa area (Prado Coapa 3rd Section, Rinconada Coapa, etc.), Belisario Domínguez Section XVI. Recently, through a long process, the Valle Verde neighborhood, which was previously part of Xochimilco, is now part of the Tlalpan delegation, among other areas in Tlalpan.

Native Peoples and Neighborhoods

Peoples

San Lorenzo Huipulco

San Lorenzo Huipulco is an Original Town of the Tlalpan delegation, in Mexico City, recognized by the Council of Original Towns and Neighborhoods of CDMX in 2016, and before the Official Gazette of the April 17, 2017 from Mexico City. after 40 years of having lost their identity as an Original people, like their sister towns of San Agustín de las Cuevas, Santa Úrsula Xitla and Chimalcoyoc. The origin of the town dates back to pre-Hispanic times. The complete traditional name of Nahuatl is: Huitzpu(o)lco, words of three syllables that can be transcribed with two glyphs, since the final sound or syllable, ending of the place, is not written, and means: place where the sacred thorns of self-sacrifice are destroyed. Otherwise it would be possible to interpret it as "Where there are thorns" (huitztli: thorn; -pol / -pul: derogatory augmentative; -co: where there is). Due to the difficult pronunciation, the Spanish changed it to how it currently appears.

San Agustin de las Cuevas Tlalpan

Villa de Tlalpan, San Agustín de las Cuevas, City of Tlalpan or as it is better known today Tlalpan It is one of the oldest towns in the Federal District, even before Mexico City. It was one of the main cities in the south of the Valley of Mexico in pre-Hispanic times, founded by indigenous Nahuas Xochimilcas as well as by Tepanecas. It was under both señoríos, until together with Xochimilco it was conquered by the Mexica Tenochcas. Like many other cities, the Spanish allied against the Mexicas. After the conquest, it returned to be under the jurisdiction of Xochimilco, until it was elevated to a town under the name of San Agustín de las Cuevas and given its own territory. After independence, when the Federal District was created in 1824, it was the third capital of the State of Mexico and elevated to the category of City, but being very close to Mexico City, state powers were transferred to the city of Toluca de Dull. In the XX century it was again commonly referred to as just Tlalpan. Today it is referred to by many as a simple neighborhood or neighborhood of Mexico City with great tourist attraction.

The Plaza de la Constitución is the main site. The kiosk with a conical roof and its garden date from 1872; the benches were donated by the neighbors. Juárez street was known at the beginning of the century xx as Burritos street, because between Allende and Victoria streets they tied to donkeys and mules. The Frissac house is an imposing residence from the XIX century, built by Jesús Pliego Frissac, then Municipal President of Tlalpan in 1900, also It was the country house of the family of President Adolfo López Mateos. The Mercado de la Paz has more than a century of life, and is the only one in the city that preserves its original façade.

It is not officially called or exists as the Historic Center of Tlalpan. The official name is Zona Centro de Tlalpan as indicated in the creation decree and the development program of that Special Development Zone.

Santa Ursula Xitla

Santa Úrsula Xitla (< Nahuatl Xictli "navel"; Santa Úrsula Virgin and Martyr on the slopes of Cerro del Xitle) is an Original Town of the Tlalpan delegation, in Mexico City, recognized by the Council of Original Towns and Neighborhoods of CDMX in 2010, and before the Official Gazette of April 17, 2017 of Mexico City. after 40 years of having lost their identity as an Original people. Their native name could be interpreted as an abbreviated form of Xi(c)tlicxitlan, "At the feet of Xitle, in the base of Xitle" (postposition -icxitlan).

The temple of Santa Úrsula Xitla, dates from the 16th century and houses the sculpture of Santa Úrsula Virgen y Mártir, patron saint of this community, as well as Santo Cristo de Xitla, both sculptures made by indigenous hands that date from the times of the conquest.

It should be noted that around this church, each colony of the original town has a patronal festival, but the Fiesta del Pueblo, as it is recognized among its inhabitants, is celebrated on October 21, where in addition to religious fervor, we can enjoy a big celebration, with traditional dances, typical gastronomy of the region, mechanical games and if you are lucky, you will find the drink of the gods, pulque, which is produced in the community that, at the time, made it famous.

Chimalcoyoc

The Town of Chimalcóyoc is one of the Twelve Original Towns of the Tlalpan Mayor's Office, in Mexico City. The term Chimalcóyoc comes from the Nahuatl terms chimalli (shield), coyoctic (hole) and -co (locative suffix), meaning &# 34;Where there is a shield pierced", as the glyph of the town clearly expresses. Founded in 1532. After the Spanish conquest, it received the name of Barrio de la Asunción, belonging to San Agustín de las Cuevas.

Saint Peter Martyr Texopalco

The town of San Pedro Mártir Texopalco is one of the twelve native towns of indigenous descent in the Tlalpan delegation, in Mexico City. Texopalco (in the blue painting), as it was known in pre-Hispanic times, inhabited by the Tepanecs. (However, the official native name is Texopanco, "place on which there is azur" (texotli: azur, blue mineral; pan: on; co: where there is); the associated glyph is that of an amphora, possibly the container to contain the azure, otherwise it could be interpreted "Where there is a blue flag": texotli: azur; pantli: flag; co: where there is). San Pedro Mártir is also known as the "place of ocotes" since there are a large number of these trees in the region. Its name was designated in honor of Saint Peter of Verona, to whom one of the oldest buildings in the place was dedicated: the Parish of Saint Peter of Verona Martyr.

San Andres Totoltepec

San Andrés Totoltepec is a town in the Tlalpan district, in Mexico City. 15,000 people live in this beautiful town. In ancient times, the names of the towns and places in Mexico were taken according to the characteristics of the place, among them Totol, which means Turkey or Bird, and tepetl (hill), in such a way that its meaning is: hill of the turkeys or Cerro de Aves although with new findings in said language the term Cerro de aves silvestre has been chosen in a more appropriate way. The interpretation is "Cerro where there are Birds& #3. 4; (or grosso modo, "Birds on the Hill"), from tótotl (bird), tépetl (hill) and -co (locative suffix).

San Miguel Xicalco

San Miguel Xicalco is a town located in the Tlalpan delegation, in Mexico City. The meaning given to Xicalco is 'place of chichia and stone houses', which does not correspond to its roots, which are xicalli (gourd, drinking gourd), calli (house) and -co (locative suffix), meaning "House(s) where there are jícara(s)". Its chapel dates from the 17th century century, and contains a Christ made of maize cane paste and a sculpture of the archangel Michael. Every year, in San Miguel Xicalco there are two patron saint festivities to San Miguel Arcángel, on May 8 and September 29.

Santa María Magdalena Petlacalco

Santa María Magdalena Petlacalco or simply known as Magdalena Petlacalco is an Original Town of the Tlalpan delegation, in Mexico City. The pre-Hispanic name Petlacalco is of Nahuatl origin and means “Place of petate houses” (petlatl, petate; calli, house; -co, locative suffix) and receives its religious name from the appearance of Saint Mary Magdalene who, according to tradition, used to appear frequently in the vicinity of the community during the time colonial The incident was repeated so many times that the place adopted its name, which is a combination of María Magdalena and the petate in which she was found.

Santa María Magdalena Petlacalco is a town that has deep-rooted traditions and customs from generation to generation to mention a few traditions, the famous fairs being the main one on January 1, the day they dedicate to the Patron Saint and on July 22 the Holder.

San Miguel Ajusco

San Miguel Ajusco is one of the original towns of the Tlalpan delegation, in Mexico City. The native name comes from Axochco, officially mistranslated "Place of the water flowers" (which would be Axóchic), its correct meaning being "Where the water springs" (atl: water; xochtli: sprouted; -co: locative suffix). It has approximately 25,649 inhabitants and is located at an altitude of 2,900 meters above sea level. In the town, around 2.11% of adults speak an indigenous language. It stands out for its festivities in honor of its patron saint, Saint Michael the Archangel, who according to tradition and stories appeared on three occasions, two festivals are held in his honor, on May 8 and September 29 of each year. The festivities range from family meals in the houses, the fair and its mechanical games, the burning of castles and fireworks, rodeos, public dances and the traditional dances of chinelos and muleteers.

Santo Tomas Ajusco

Santo Tomás Ajusco is a town in the Tlalpan Delegation, located in the south of Mexico City, at km 6 of the Mexico-Ajusco highway, at an altitude of approximately 3000 ms. no. m.. The climate is mild, with the average annual temperature between 10 °C and 12 °C. It is located at approximately 19°13′16″N 99°11′41″ W / 19.22111, -99.19472. It was founded in 1531 and received its coat of arms in 1609. It was one of the eight towns established at the beginning of the colonial period with the aim of congregating the natives of the Nahua and Otomi peoples of the area, in a territory previously it had been dominated by the Tepanecs of Azcapotzalco.
In the General Archive of the Nation there is a record called Testimony of the foundation of Santo Tomás Ajusco, which agrees with the original written in Nahuatl.

The main church of the village dates from the 16th century and consists of a bell tower and a single nave. The portal is made of quarry stone and presents, in the lower body, on the sides of the door, four niches with the images of the four evangelists. The central niche has a sculpture of the patron saint, Santo Tomás Apóstol. In the atrium you can see a carved cubic stone of pre-Hispanic origin, which resembles a chest and is known as "El cuartillo", which was originally moved from the Tequipa pyramid.
Various chapels, including those located in San Miguel Xicalco, San Miguel Ajusco and Santa María Magdalena Petlacalco, depend on this parish.

San Miguel Topilejo

San Miguel Topilejo is one of the Original Towns that is located south of Mexico City, in the Tlalpan delegation, of Xochimilca origin and is considered one of the twelve towns of Tlalpan. The name Topilejo comes from Nahuatl and means the one who carries the precious command staff, as well as another meaning that is place of the abundance of poles for staves or the place where the rods of justice are found, this term comes from the Nahuatl topilan. Topile was the one who carried the < i>topilli (baton); possibly the place name comes from topilxiuh, "batón of command (topilli) turquoise color (xiuhtic)".

Parres the Guardian

Parres el Guarda is a town native to the Tlalpan delegation, in Mexico City, which is located to the south of the Federal District and borders to the north with the towns of Santo Tomás Ajusco and San Miguel Topilejo, to the east with San Salvador Cuauhtenco, to the west with Xalatlaco, State of Mexico and to the south with Tres Marías, Morelos.

The origin of the name of the town is the hacienda that was located in the surroundings of the settlement, called El Guarda. It is said that the name of the hacienda comes from the time of the second Mexican Empire, since Empress Carlota used the hacienda as a resting place when she went from Mexico City to Cuernavaca. The name of Parres comes from the name of the owner of the hacienda, Mr. Juan de las Fuentes Parres. During the colony, a guard post was placed on said hacienda, for the Camino Real and from that moment it began to be known as "El Guarda".

Neighborhoods

• Barrio de Caramagüey
• Barrio del Niño Jesús
• Barrio el Capulín
• Barrio el Truenito
• Barrio La Fama
• Barrio La Lonja (El Sr. Magdaleno Mendoza Nájera (q.e.p.d.) was the one who named it “LONJA”: it is a meeting place for the merchants and is usually associated more with retail sale. Mr. Magdaleno Mendoza Nájera had a small grocery store (1930) located on the street of Privada Las Palmas (Tlalpan City, Mexico City).
• Barrio San Fernando
• Barrio del Calvario
• Barrio San Marcos

Urban equipment and infrastructure

Health

The National Cancer Institute (INCAN) is one of the most important medical institutions in Mexico

The Tlalpan Delegation has an excellent health infrastructure, with institutions of international importance such as the National Institutes of Health.

National Institutes of Health

They are a group of twelve institutions whose scope of action includes the entire national territory and whose main objective is scientific research in the field of health, the training and training of qualified human resources and the provision of health care services of high specialty. In these three areas, the Institutes have stood out and have set the standard for health care, scientific production, and academic quality, not only in Mexico but throughout Latin America. The Tlalpan Delegation is home to nine of the twelve National Institutes of Health in the country, these are:

• National Cancer Institute
• Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez"
• Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán"
• National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas"
• National Institute of Genomic Medicine
• National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez"
• Instituto Nacional de siquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz
• National Institute of Public Health
• National Rehabilitation Institute
• Hospital General de Zona No.32 del Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social

Other institutions

Other hospitals and clinics in the demarcation are the following:

Private Schools in the Tlalpan Delegation

The Tlalpan Delegation also has a large number of private schools of great national recognition for Primary, Secondary, High School and Higher Education, which offer their students intellectual, artistic and sports growth, among them the following stand out.

• Tlalpan Technological Institute
• Mexican Faculty of Medicine (Universidad La Salle)
• La Salle University, Santa Teresa Unit
• Universidad del Valle de México (Campus Tlalpan).
• Hispanic American College.
• Instituto Tecnológico y de estudios superiors de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México.
• Universidad Pontificia de México.
• Universidad Intercontinental Plantel Sur.
• University of Pedregal.
• Tlalpan Institute
• Institute of Higher Studies New England.
• S.C. School Institute.
• Instituto Ángel M Corzo
• Richmond School Pedregal
• Colegio Agustín García Conde
• St. John's
• Colegio Lestonnac de San Angel A. C.
• Colegio Madrid
• Colegio México Bachillerato A. C.
• College Gandhi
• Colegio Atenea
• Continental School.
• María Eugenia Milleret Primary School
• College Springfield
• Tlalpan International College
• Colegio Simón Bolívar (Lasallista)

Intangible cultural heritage

Gastronomy

The Tlalpeño broth would have its origin in this demarcation, although the history of its emergence and the ingredients are subject to tradition.

Festivities

Fiestas of towns of the delegation

Public services

Garbage Collection

The garbage collection process in Tlalpan is carried out by the General Directorate of Urban Services. Once the garbage is collected, it is channeled into one of the two existing plants: Tlalpan and/or Coyoacán.

This delegation has 7 ecological trucks named like that because they have double hoppers. The first hopper has a capacity of 3 tons and the organic waste is stored in it. While the second hopper has a capacity for 4 tons and in it the inorganic garbage is protected.

In Tlalpan as in other delegations of D.F. a program called "Lets separate to breathe better" whose purpose is to take advantage of organic waste to make compost.

Unfortunately there is not enough ecological education and the forest is very dirty.

However, it is in our hands to take care of it and keep it relatively clean.

Transport and roads

Public transportation

Despite the fact that Mexico City has one of the most extensive metro collective transport systems and with the highest number of users in the world, there are no system stations within the Tlalpan delegation.

Since March 2008, public transportation is articulated by line 1 of the Metrobús, which is a BRT system (bus rapid transit for its acronym in English). This runs through the avenue of the Insurgentes with seven stations in Tlalpan, which are:

• Olympic Villa
• Correction
• City Council
• Brotant sources
• Holy Ursula
• La Joya
• The Caminero

See Annex: Mexico City Metrobus Stations

In the delegation there are three light rail stations, controlled by the D.F. Electric Transport Service. These are:

• Huipulco
• Xomali
• Peripheral

The delegation is covered by a wide network of buses, microbuses and combis; that are under the administration of the RTP (Passenger Transport Network) or concessioned to individuals. An extensive network of taxi stands cover the territory of the delegation, with 44 authorized sites.

Viality

Primary roads are defined in the Federal District as those that facilitate the flow of continuous vehicular traffic or controlled by traffic lights, between different areas of the city, and may be controlled access roads, viaducts, radial roads, road axes and main roads. Although the first three are defined, the last one is vague in its definition.

With the previous consideration, the primary highways that tread Tlalpanse territory are: the Peripheral Ring, the Tlalpan Roadway, the East Axis 1, the East Axis 2 and the East Axis 3. Likewise, Av. Insurgentes as the main road.

Part of the Mexico City Ciclopista passes through the Delegation, crossing the town of Parres until it reaches the border with the State of Morelos.

Access to drinking water and drainage

According to the 2010 Population and Housing Census, INEGI, the Delegation has piped drinking water coverage of 99% of all inhabited private homes. In other words, only 1% of the total homes do not have piped water available, but they are supplied from hydrants, from a public key, from another home, pipe, river or well. Regarding drainage, 99% of inhabited private homes have drainage connected to the public network, septic tank, ravine, crack, river, lake or sea, only 1% of homes do not have this service.

Military Infrastructure

Heroic Military College

It was inaugurated on September 13, 1976 in San Pedro Mártir, San Andrés Totoltepec and Santiago Tepalcatitlán, of the Tlalpan Delegation, D.F. It is the most important military education school in the country, it has 400 hectares set aside for this purpose. Within its facilities it has: Library with 10,300 titles, a network with 10 terminals connected to the Internet, 88 classrooms, two physics laboratories, two chemistry laboratories, biology laboratories, computer laboratories, seven language laboratories, four lecture halls, four sandboxes, a drawing room and bedrooms. It depends on the General Directorate of Military Education and Rectory of the University of the Mexican Army and Air Force, its mission is to train army officers.

The architectural ensemble of the Heroic Military College was designed with reminiscences of pre-Hispanic ceremonial centers, combining squares and buildings that represent gods and ceremonial structures of the pre-Columbian era.

Currently there are undergraduate courses, there are five branches where they specialize in the use of weapons, which are: Infantry, Artillery, Cavalry, Sappers and Quartermaster

Education

National high schools of the National Preparatory School of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM):

• National Preparatory School 5 "José Vasconcelos"

Public high schools are:

• Tlalpan I Preparatory School "Gral. Francisco J. Múgica"
• Tlalpan II Preparatory School "Otilio Montaño"

International schools:

• Tlalpan Campus of Peterson Colleges (Peterson Schools)
• Previously on British American School (EN)

Some public general secondary schools are:

No. 195 "Tlamachihuapan". Public technical high schools are: #181 "Puerto de Alvarado"

Other private schools:

• Colegio Alejandro Guillot
• Colegio Franco Español (CFE, EN)
• South School Institute (IE, EN)
• Princeton College Secondary and High School
• Colegio Madrid
• Colegio México Bachillerato
• O'Farrill College
• Lancaster School
• Colegio Williams Campus Ajusco
• Richmond School Pedregal

Guardian Council for minors (Correctional School for Men) The land measures 40,000 square meters, most of which are intended for the cultivation of plants and vegetables, which at the same time serves as a useful solace for the corrigendos, with which it is intended that they take affection for the land, passion very little developed among the people who are educated in the environment of our city. In the center of this extensive piece of land the building was built, new from its foundations and large enough to contain twice or more of the corrigenda currently confined to the school. The distribution that has been given to the building responds perfectly to the demands of modern penal education. The dependencies of which it consists are distributed in two floors: in the first one are the workshops and the classes; the latter are for the orfeón, for the band orchestra, and those necessary to provide inmates with elementary and higher primary education On the upper floor there are 8 large and well-ventilated bedroom rooms, and two smaller ones that are dedicated to nursing and medical service; It also has departments for a first-aid kit, a room for practitioners, and other dependencies necessary for a complete medical service.

Places of interest

• Tlalpan Historical Center.
  

  Callejones del Centro Histórico de Tlalpan

Church of San Agustín de las Cuevas, Founded and built in the XVI century by Dominicans, the parish church has three naves and four chapels, a huge sacristy and a cloister. The Parish of San Agustín de las Cuevas, is a building with a façade from the XVII century, however it has been restored on several occasions. It has a chapel dedicated to the Virgen del Rosario and a baptistery. HISTORY The first parish building was a small church whose construction began around 1532 and which today is the Rosario Chapel, located on the south side of the parish's High Altar. A century later, between 1637 and 1647, the current temple was built by the Franciscan friars in the place where the hospice of the Dominican friars would have been. Today it is the house that houses San Agustín de las Cuevas.

Delegation building, built during the administration of the prefect Don Ismael Zúñiga, at the end of the XIX century, with a mural by Roberto Rodríguez Navarro on the history of the Delegation.

Tlalpan History Museum, house where the first long-distance telephone call was made in the country.

Parish of San Lorenzo Deacon and Martyr Town of San Lorenzo Huipulco Parish of Santa Ursula Virgin and Martyr Town of Santa Ursula Xitla Chapel of the Immaculate Conception Chimalcoyoc Chimalcoyoc Town Parish of Saint Peter of Verona Martyr Town of San Pedro Martir Texopalco Parish of Saint Andrew the Apostle Town of San Andres Totoltepec Chapel of San Miguel Archangel Xicalco Chapel of Santa Maria Magdalena Town of Santa Maria Magdalena Petlacalco Chapel of San Miguel Archangel Ajusco Saint Thomas the Apostle Parish Town of Santo Tomas Ajusco Parish of San Miguel Arcángel Topilejo Former estate of Parres el Guarda

Alleyways. Cobbled corners where films such as Los Olvidados by Luis Buñuel have been filmed

Mint House of the State of Mexico, which was the house of Emperor Maxilian, currently Daytime Secondary School number 29. Delegational building.

Tree of the Hanged in the garden of the central square where the Tlalpenses martyrs who fought against the second empire of Maximilian of Habsburg were executed

Chapel of the Capuchins. Masterpiece by Luis Barragán for the handling of light and colors.

La Paz Market This market is probably one of the only ones from the Porfirian era, it was held between 1898 and 1900

Juana de Asbaje Park It was created in 1999 on the grounds of the Floresta Psychiatric Sanatorium.

The Frissac House Residence from the end of the XIX century, built by Jesús Pliego Frissac, owner of the place and rich landowner, today it is an art gallery and has several annexes where cultural activities are carried out.

Viewer of the Arenal Tlalpan

Mexico City viewpoint, which is located where Mexico Acapulco was the real road of the virreinal era near the cyclist

• Viewers of Mexico City

Tlalpan has the best viewpoints in Mexico City

Arenal Viewpoint in Magdalena Petlacalco

Camino Real Viewpoint Mexico-Acapulco. Where are the remains of what was the road from the viceregal era to Acapulco is this beautiful place, famous because the bike path passes through it in Totoltepec

El Mirador Restaurant Federal Highway to Cuernavaca famous because many movies were filmed there

Caves of the Air Viewpoint in San Miguel Xicalco

• Sports like:

Deportivo Rodolfo Sánchez Taboada - It has recreational areas, children's areas, soccer and fast soccer fields, as well as a huge pool with trained instructors. It also has a civil registry, a large library and a kindergarten among many cultural activities. It is located on the streets of Muna and Izamal, where there is also a semi-Olympic pool.

Deportivo Vivanco - It has a covered semi-Olympic pool; They give swimming classes to children and adults, as well as having soccer fields, basketball courts, and an open-air gym.

Sports Training and Development Center (Ceforma), located in the Fuentes Brotantes neighborhood.

• Commercial centre like: Galleries Coapa, Plaza Inbursa (known as Plaza Cuicuilco), Pericoapa and Paseo Acoxpa.

The Vasco de Quiroga Rustic Furniture Market. It is located in front of Parque Loreto and Peña Pobre.

• Environmental and recreational spaces.

Mexico City bike path in Tlalpan. Something that distinguishes it from the others is that, on its route, it passes through forests, crops and grazing areas; It is away from pollution and traffic.

Ecoguardas Environmental Education Center: It is located on the Picacho Ajusco highway and is characterized for being a didactic park, where through outdoor activities and guided tours, coexistence with the environment is taught. It has viewpoints, audiovisual classroom and camps.

In Tlalpan is located one of the largest lungs of Mexico City, the Ajusco and the Tlalpan forest, which houses the House of Culture built with stones brought from France.

Six Flags Mexico: Amusement Park

Kidzania: Theme Park where children play like adults

children

Parks and natural areas

Map showing the places of interest in the Tlalpan delegation

National Parks

• Tlalpan Forest (also known as Pedregal National Park or Pedregal Forest). Formerly these lands belonged to the Loreto and Poor S.A. Paper Factory, which were acquired by the D.F. government. They have an area of 252 hectares in which more than 206 species of flora and more than 134 species of fauna are found.

It is mainly a place used by runners, athletes and citizens in general, due to its extensive territory where you can see any number of paths and places, as well as playgrounds, rest areas, a zoo, cabins and nurseries. The history of the Tlalpan Forest began in 1935, with the afforestation of the Zacatepetl and Zacayuca hills, for which a nursery was installed at the Peña Pobre Hacienda, with plants from "La Venta", Cuajimalpa, under the direction of Mr. Alberto Lenz. After the nurseries, the “Loreto y Peña Pobre” Forestry Unit was established in 1945, the date on which thousands of trees were also planted in Ajusco. The seeds used in this afforestation came mainly from the United States of America, New Zealand and Australia. In 1968, the Tlalpan Forest became the property of the Department of the Federal District and that same year, the forest was extended to house a mini-zoo, nurseries and cabins. As well as places of recreation for workers who were dedicated to caring for and fighting fires. In the forest is the House of Culture of Tlalpan. This enclosure was built in 1988 according to a project by engineer Pedro Ramírez Vázquez. The façade comes from the old Casa de las Bombas, built in 1907 by engineer Alberto J. Pani, located between Juanacatlán and Tacubaya streets, Condesa neighborhood, Federal District. In 1975 the façade was removed piece by piece and transferred to the Tlalpan Forest. To promote awareness of the environment, campaigns, school visits and summer courses are carried out, which are supported by the National Commission for Biodiversity (CONABIO) and the National Commission for Natural Protected Areas (CONANP).

• Fuentes Brotantes National Park. Av. insurgentes Sur y Camino a Fuentes Brotantes, Col. Brotant sources, C.p. 14410. It was declared a national park on September 28, 1936 by decree of the then president Lázaro Cárdenas, on part of the lands that formed the ranch Teochihuitl and the barranca where several springs originated that gave it the reputation of natural beauty to the place, belonging to the village of Santa Úrsula Xitla. It includes the surface of a cliff near the Historical Center of Tlalpan, at an altitude of 2,250 meters above sea level, from the Ajusco skirts, which belongs to the mountainous system known as the Sierra de Ajusco-Chichinauhtzin that limits the Valley of Mexico to the South.

• Ecological Park of Mexico City. Highway Picacho-Ajusco km 6,5, entering through the Paseo de los Girasoles, village of San Andrés Totoltepec, C.p. 14749.

• The ruins of the Pedregal: Av. Forests, entering by road Ajusco Picacho after the Canal 13 antenna. C.P. 14100.
• Ajusco National Park. The name Ajusco comes from Nahuatl, from the word "Axochco" which means "Floresta de Agua". The Ajusco is an isolated hill, 1,700 meters high above the level of the Mexican Basin and nearly 4,000 meters above sea level. The outline of its base is almost circular and on its surface is about 9 kilometres in diameter. It is located in the Federal District, in the Tlalpan Delegation, within the following geographical coordinates: 19°12' and 19°12'50" north latitude and 99°14'35" and 99°16'20" west longitude.

Eco-tourism zones

• The archaeological area Cuicuilco, with a circular structure of 110 m in diameter and 26 m in height, which testifies to the first stable human settlement and a developed social organization. There are on the site the remains of multiple religious and housing buildings, and even the remains of the hydraulic system. It was abandoned following the eruption of the Xitle, forming a layer of lava that partially or totally covered the civic-ceremony and housing architectural structures of the city, whose extension was inferred reached about 400 hectares.
• Cave of the Dead: located at km 45 by the Federal Highway to Cuernavaca, at the limits with the state of Morelos.
• The sandal:Located at kilometer 3 of Av. Mexico-Ajusco in the village of La Magdalena Petlacalco. It is a sand dune formed by the ash of the Xitle volcano. Despite its desert climate it has the characteristic of being a very fertile land. Its sand is permeable (not glued). In studies it was found to be therapeutic, since in children with the flat foot, walking on it is forming the arch.
• Llano de la Viuda: located at km 36.5, on the Federal Highway to Cuernavaca between the limits of Parres and Topilejo.

• St. Andrew Totoltepec celebrates his annual fair in honor of the Apostle St. Andrew, on November 30, and prolongs his activities for a week. Its objective is to commemorate and celebrate the anniversary of Sn Andrés and this makes all the inhabitants cooperate throughout the year for the demonstration of precious pyrotechnic games over nine days, also prepare typical gastronomic dishes. It becomes a point of family union, since the houses are frequently visited by friendships. In addition, pre-Hispanic dances and dances are held in the athrium of the church, a celebration similar but in smaller size is held at the so-called Corpus Christi Fair which is held 60 days after the Resurrection Sunday which is approximately in the months of May or June.

It is a tree that has a heart on its trunk, it is said that hugging it gives good luck in love. It is located in the Ajusco in the Tepozan Tlalpan Forest

• Parque Ecoturistico Tepozan. A forest where you will find the beautiful tree of the Heart, has a traditional house, nursery, trail, mountain biker circuit, camping area and guided tours to appreciate the fauna and flora.

Surrounding towns

Visits of the surrounding towns in their dances and at their fair, of Sn Pedro Mártir, of Sn Miguel Xicalco, La Magdalena Petlacalco, of Sn Miguel Topilejo and of Sto Tomás and San Miguel Ajusco. Famous rodeo, for bringing the bulls played, which are quite a spectacle. Sale of handicrafts. Childish games. Antojitos, mole and tamales from the region

San Miguel Topilejo One of the 12 original towns of Tlalpan, which means "He Who Carries the Staff of Command". Town famous for its Traditions and Customs. Without forgetting their exquisite meals based on corn, a product harvested from their own land. Since 1985, "La Feria del Elote" has been celebrated from September 12 to 16, where you can find a wide variety of foods derived from corn. The church is considered a national monument and was built in the XVI century in honor of Saint Michael the Archangel, inside it is adorned with leaf of gold. On the 29th and 8th days after September, the festival is celebrated in his honor with Aztec dancers, chinelos, bands and popular dance, mechanical games, and Mexican snacks among others. Access to San Miguel Topilejo is through km 28.5 of the Mexico-Cuernavaca federal highway, another way is through the Mexico-Cuernavaca highway at km 20 and by the border road to Cuernavaca through Xochimilco.

San Miguel Xicalco (stone houses and xixia or grass). San Miguel Xicalco is one of the 8 original towns of Tlalpan, it is located on the right in the deviation of km. 25 of the Federal highway to Cuernavaca, after the town of San Andrés Totoltepec. The name of San Miguel is due to the appearance of the Archangel Michael who is the patron saint of this town, it has two patron saint festivities in honor of the saint that are celebrated on May 8 and September 29 (the apparition is celebrated on the 8th and the 29 the saint). In the patron saint festivities, the red mole and the tamales that the native people make to receive and feed their guests are already a tradition. It is also celebrated with dances of chìnelos, muleteers, Aztecs and others; Their ranchero jaripeo celebrations and their dances with popular music that are usually Sinaloan bands are famous. San Miguel Xicalco has particular histories like the other original towns, different stories that are told by people from the town narrate the time of the Mexican Revolution and the passage of the Zapatista and Carrancista armies. According to testimonies, the town's Catholic church was taken as a barracks, there is even a small cannon that was left behind by some Zapatista.

Parres el Guarda is located at kilometer 40 of the Mexico-Cuernavaca federal highway. The history of its foundation dates back to the mid-XIX century, at the height of the railway as a means of transporting goods and passengers. Previously, the Momoxcas of Milpa Alta would go up to sow those plains. Parres was one of the first stations of great importance from where shipments were made to the city of Cuernavaca, Morelos. The town was founded on land that used to be the estate of Don Juan de las Fuentes Parres. From there came the name of the town. Its economy is based on the cultivation of fodder oats. Parres is one of the main producers of this cereal that is used to feed cows, sheep and horses. It is also famous for its sheep meat and its inhabitants boast of having the best barbecue in the Federal District. On December 12, the patronal festival of the Virgin of Guadalupe is celebrated with the dance of Chinelos, rockets, cockfights, horse races and dancing. In Parres, the Independence of Mexico is also celebrated with great fanfare, on September 15 and 16, with a fair and a parade. Like the traditional festival in honor of San Andrés Apóstol (November 30) and Nuestro Padre Jesús de Aquixtla (August 6 and the third Sunday of January), this festival is celebrated in the Amplification neighborhood of Parres. As tourist attractions, the bicycle path allows you to admire landscapes full of life and tranquility. The House of Culture is under construction but you can learn about the town's history and see the old Don Juan de las Fuentes Parres hacienda.

Santa María Magdalena Petlacalco: (Place of petate houses). It is one of the 8 original towns of Tlalpan, it is located to the right of the deviation of km. 25 of the Federal highway to Cuernava after the town of San Miguel Xicalco, in this town venerates Santa María Magdalena where its traditional festivals in honor of the patron saint are on January 1-2-3 and January 22-23-24. July, in which there are burning fireworks, rodeos, cockfights, dances such as chinelos, joros, dance of the muleteers, among others. One of the recreational sites where you can get together with the family is "Los arenales" where you can spend a pleasant time with the family.

San Pedro Mártir Texopalco: One of the 12 original towns of Tlalpan is located on the federal highway to Cuernavaca, passing the town of Chimalcoyoc at kilometer 20. The patron saint festivities of San Pedro de Verona Mártir are celebrated from April 26 to May 3. In this festivity there is a traditional fair where dances, dances, chinelos, muleteers, orchestras, mariachis, rodeo, mechanical games and fireworks shows are performed. San Pedro Mártir is also known as the "place of ocotes" since there are a large number of these trees in the region. Its name was designated in honor of Saint Peter of Verona, to whom one of the oldest buildings in the place was dedicated: the Parish of Saint Peter of Verona Mártir, whose temple dates from the end of the century XVII and early XVIII. It was built by Dominican religious from the Convent of San Agustín de las Cuevas located in the center of the Tlalpan delegation. The church has a single nave and a 3-section tower, it has a simple door without coverings or flattening, a door on the side façade through which the choir used to enter the church, and the exterior shows a combination of carved quarry and stone Common for walls. Inside the lower vault of the choir there is a relief with an Austrian eagle and on the triumphal arch a round medallion with the image of the Archangel Saint Michael. Inside the temple we find a wooden sculpture from the XVIII century that represents the martyr Saint Peter of Verona, which has a stone border and an outer border decorated with ceramics. On the altar there is a wooden crucified Christ that also dates from that same century. In 1965 the floors were replaced and the flattened ones were removed, the quarry was exposed but the mural painting was razed. The church has been restored several times, which is why it has lost part of its original design. In the courtyard of the parish there are two other buildings of a religious nature, built in a modern way, as well as a statue of the Virgin of Guadalupe on one side of the parish.

Santa Úrsula Xitla The Patron Saint Festival is held in honor of the Patron Saint Santa Úrsula Virgin and Martyr and the Holy Christ of Xitla which, year after year, continues to be commemorated despite urban invasion. The natives continue to keep their traditional festival to their patron saint on October 21 at midnight. They sing to him in the morning with the traditional Mariachi. During the day, they celebrate mass, have a party and dance the traditional Chinelos dance. During the night, there are dances and the traditional burning of castles and fireworks.

The natives eagerly await the weekend to celebrate the big party. On Saturday, they 'go down' to the Holy Christ of Xitla to be veiled, while the band plays with great joy. Later, the virgin is dressed and crowned while the band and the slippers go through the streets of the town for the transfer of the traditional Floral cover. The next day, Sunday, at five in the morning, the band plays the mornings to Santa Úrsula in the parish church. Later, walk to the house where the holy Christ was veiled to sing the mornings for the second time.

During the day, native Aztec dances, the chinelos, santiagueros and muleteers, dance in the atrium of the Church; the band plays and the mariachi sings to their patron saint. Various activities take place throughout the day. Until, at night, the traditional Burning of Castles and Fireworks takes place

Gardens and parks

• Parque Loreto and Peña Pobre - Ecological reserve protected by its drinking water springs. Located in Av. San Fernando corner with Insurgentes sur, in the Colony Isidro Fabela. It has green areas, restaurants, artisan bakery among others. Ideal to spend the day with family since it has a recreational center.
• Parque Ecológico Fuentes Brotantes. Located near the Av. Insurgentes Sur at the height of the Arroyo restaurant, this park has natural spring, lake with ducks and turtles, green areas and playgrounds, surrounded by the housing group Fuentes Brotantes. It was declared a national park on September 28, 1936 by decree of the then president Lázaro Cárdenas, it was part of the lands that formed the ranch Teochihuitl and the barranca where several springs originated that gave it a reputation of natural beauty to the place.

It includes the surface of a ravine near the Historic Center of Tlalpan, at an altitude of 2,250 meters above sea level, from the slopes of Ajusco, which belongs to the mountain system known as the Sierra de Ajusco-Chichinauhtzin It borders the Valley of Mexico to the south.

• Six Flags Mexico Fun Park - formerly known as Adventure Kingdom, is Mexico's largest theme park and the only Six Flags in Latin America.

Ecoguardas Ecological Park: It is a park located next to the Picacho Ajusco highway where a great variety of species inhabit, including some endemic to Tlalpan. This reserve also has an environmental education service for children. In the same way there is an apiary, a library and a video library. Within this park several courses on composting and worm farming are taught.

• El Tepozán ecotourism park: Picacho-Ajusco road km 11, town of San Andrés Totoltepec C.p. 14400

• Main garden: Plaza de la Constitución, Col. Tlalpan Center, C.P 14000

• Juana de Asbaje ecological park: Currency 1, Col. Tlalpan Center, C.P 14000

• Parque Maravillas: Carretera Federal a Cuernavaca km 37 (between the seasons of the cycle via the siphon and the Cima), town of San Miguel Topilejo, C.p.14500

• Deportivo "Sánchez Taboada" in the Colonia Torres de Padierna, in addition to a synthetic grass football field, has semi-opiampic pool, in which approximately 120 children of the program "to the duck water".
• Deportivo Pedregal San Nicolás. Street. Sinanche, Pedregal de San Nicolás 1.a. Section, Tlalpan, Federal District.

• Deportivo "Solidarity". This place, besides being very large, has football pitches, basketball, volleyball and green areas; it will soon have a pool that is under construction. Picacho Road Ajusco km. 7

• Sportsman Balancan. Small but fun for all ages, it only has soccer and basketball courts, is the preferred place for teenagers to attend schools near this place. Calle Balancan s/n colony Lomas de Padierna.

• Canchas "San José Obrero" has soccer courts, basketball and appliances to do gymnastics outdoor exercises. Tizimin street corner with street Izamal colony Heroes of Padierna.

• Parque Ejidal San Nicolás Totolapan: It is an ecotourism development located at kilometer 11.5 of the road Picacho-Ajusco which emerged as an initiative of the inhabitants of that village (ejidatarios), located in the delegation Magdalena Contreras, although it is within our demarcation (Tlalpan) this project is born as a way of curbing the proliferation of irregular settlements. and preserving the forest of the south of the city. It has various routes to practice cycling and mountain biking; a fishing lake, a rainbow trout farm, a didactic farm with poni horses, goats, borers, cows, a donkey, hens and ducks, among others, in an area of this park there is also a venadarium with some specimens of the species called white tail, scattered within its natural habitat. Within the park there is also a camping area and another of cabins, which are monitored 24 hours a day. Visitors can enjoy horseback riding and get to know the nurseries, where organic vegetables are produced, free of fertilizers and watered from the springs, as well as the trees that serve for the reforestation of the coniferous forest and temperate climate.

Museums

• Tlalpan History Museum. This museum is known as La Casona and is located within the square of the constitution with the N.10. In this place in 1878 the first long distance call was made from the country.

• Time Museum: It is an interactive museum located in the Plaza de la Constitución 7. Historical building of the centuryXIX which housed until 1964 the Telefonica Central of Tlalpan. The Museum has a permanent display of mechanical watches since the beginning of the centuryXVII, and all kinds of Musical Appliances such as Music Boxes, Photographers, Gramophones, Radios, TV, Rockolas, Mechanical and Electronic Machines.

• Cuicuilco Site Museum. The museum was built in 1948 and is located inside the archaeological area Cuicuilco. It shows archaeological pieces recovered on this site and gives information of the lives of the inhabitants of this place.

Cultural and tourist attractions

• Tlalpan Culture House. It is a cultural space located in Bosques del Pedregal. It hosts a wide art gallery. He has had the participation of renowned artists, including José Luis Cuevas, Martha Chapa, Octavio Campo, Isabel Leñero and Javier Anzures.

Historical monuments

• Luis Cabrera Library. Property that was host to the old tram station coming from the Historic Center of the DF.

• Chata House. Real estate built in the centuryXVIII. It was called with this name because its entrance is ochavada. It is up to 1941 when it is restored and passed into the hands of INAH.

• Morelos Prison House. José María Morelos and Pavón was imprisoned in the Villa de San Agustín de las Cuevas on November 21, 1815, on his way to San Cristóbal Ecatepec, where he was shot.

• Coin House. It was built in the centuryXVIII and was inhabited by Lorenzo de Zavala, when he was governor of the State of Mexico. In addition, it was the seat of the Government Palace of the same state when Tlalpan was the capital.

• Rule Count's house. The property belonged to the Conde de Regla, Pedro Romero de Terreros, a rich miner who successfully worked the mines of the Sierra de Hidalgo.

• Casa Frissac (Instituto Javier Barros Sierra). Finished at the beginning of the centuryXX., the property belonged to the family of former President Adolfo López Mateos. It currently houses the Javier Barros Sierra Institute, where cultural activities take place.

• Government building. Headquarters of the departmental administration in Tlalpan, the property was built during the mandate of the Prefect Don Ismael Zúñiga, from 1871. In its walls there is a mural by Roberto Rodríguez Navarro.

• Catypeate Treasury. It was rebuilt to accommodate a branch of the Mexican Order of the Missionaries of the Holy Spirit. Its colonial courtyard on one floor is still preserved with its perimeter corridors supported by moulded pillars.

• Saint Augustine parish of the Caves. Franciscan friars built the temple in which today Saint Augustine of the Caves is venerated.

• San Miguel Archangel Parish. It is built by a tower of 3 bodies, a dome, a bell tower and within it is located a sculpture of San Miguel Arcángel, which belonged to the centuryXVII.

Markets

• Acoxpa Square
• Villa Coapa
• Vasco de Quiroga
• Torres de Padierna
• Tlalcoligia
• St. Nicholas Totoloapan
• San Miguel Topilejo
• San Andrés Totoltepec
• Plaza Mexicana del Sur
• Eagle Pedregal
• Margarita Maza de Juárez
• Lazarus Cárdenas
• José María Morelos and Pavón
• José López Portillo
• La Paz
• Isidro Fabela
• Peripheral bones
• Brotant sources
• The Mirador
• Huipulco food
• 10 May
• Flores San Fernando
• 22 January
• 21 April
• 23 February

Entertainment

In the Delegational Garden in the center of Tlalpan, a space for music and cultural information is offered where the community can listen to good music from the 20s to the 90s and more, as well as meet the artists and composers of bygone eras and find out about upcoming artistic and cultural events as well as some activities of the Delegation Head.

In the Delegational Garden in the center of Tlalpan, a space for music and cultural information is offered where the community can listen to good music from the 20s to the 90s and more, as well as meet the artists and composers of bygone eras and find out about upcoming artistic and cultural events as well as some activities of the Delegation Head.

This program aims to help increase attention to the communities that make up this delegation; Likewise, promote and disseminate the Tlalpense culture; promote the creation of recreational and cultural centers; hold interdelegational meetings throughout the city. Likewise, the traditions of the towns, neighborhoods and colonies will be preserved, and the conservation of historical monuments must also be encouraged.

Politics

Delegates

• (1982 - 1985): Gilberto Nieves Jenkins
• (1985 - 1988): Jesus Salazar Toledano

• (1990 - 1994): Francisco Guillermo Ríos-Zertuche Díez
• (1994-1997): Alfonso del Río Pintado

Delegation heads

• (1997 - 2000): Salvador Pablo Martínez della Rocca
• (2000): (Interino) Luis E. Gómez Sánchez
• (2000 - 2003): Gilberto López and Rivas
• (2003 - 2004): Carlos Imaz Gispert
• (2004 - 2006): (Interino) Eliseo Moyao Morales
• (2006 - 2009): Guillermo Sánchez Torres
• (2009): (Interino) Jorge Pérez Rodríguez y Pérez
• (2009 - 2012): Higinio Chávez García
• (2012 - 2015): Maricela Contreras Julián
• (2015): (Interino) Héctor Hugo Hernández Rodríguez
• (2015 - 2017): Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo
• (2017 - 2018): (Interino) Fernando Hernández Palacios

Mayors

• (2018 - 2021): Patricia Elena Aceves Pastrana
• (2021 - 2024): Alfa Eliana González Magallanes

International Relations

Twinnings

The Tlalpan delegation is twinned with 6 cities:

	Country		City		County / District / State	Year	Ref.
	Cuba		San José de las Lajas		Mayabeque Province	(2002)
	Mexico		State of Morelos		State of Morelos	(2010)
	Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela		Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela		Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela	(2012)
	Mexico		Oaxaca de Juárez		Oaxaca	(2013)
	Mexico		Tarimbar		Michoacán de Ocampo	(2012)
	Mexico		Tepoztlán		State of Morelos	(2013)