The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph (pronounced [ðə ˈdeɪli ˈtɛlɪɡræf]) is a newspaper British English-language broadsheet morning paper, published in London by Telegraph Media Group, distributed throughout the UK and internationally. The newspaper was founded by Arthur B. Sleigh in June 1855 as The Daily Telegraph and Courier, and since 2004 it has been owned by David and Frederick Barclay. It had a daily circulation of 523,048 in March 2014, down from 552,065 in early 2013. By comparison, The Times had an average daily circulation of 400,060, down from 394. 448.

The Daily Telegraph has a sister newspaper, The Sunday Telegraph, which started in 1961, with a circulation of 418,670 as of March 2014. The two newspapers Prints are currently managed separately with different newsrooms, but there is cross-use of stories. News published in both, as well as articles from the Telegraph online, can also be published on the Telegraph Media Group website, www.telegraph.co.uk, all under the heading The Telegraph.

History

Foundation and early history (1855–1900)

The Daily Telegraph and Courier was founded by Colonel Arthur B. Sleigh in June 1855 to air a personal grievance against the future Commander-in-Chief of the British Army, Prince George of Cambridge. Joseph Moses Levy, the owner of The Sunday Times, agreed to print the paper, and the first edition was published on June 29, 1855. The paper cost 2d and had four pages. It was not a success, and Sleigh was unable to pay Levy the printing bill. Levy took over the paper, his aim being to produce a newspaper cheaper than its main London competitors, The Daily News and The Morning Post, to expand the size of the overall market.

Levy then appointed his son, Edward Levy-Lawson, and Thornton Leigh Hunt to edit the paper, and it was relaunched as The Daily Telegraph, with the tagline "Biggest, Best, and the cheapest newspaper in the world." Hunt laid out the principles of the newspaper in a memo sent to Levy: "We must report all the amazing events in science, told in such a way that the intelligent public can understand what has happened and can see its influence on our daily life and our future. The same principle should apply to all other events, to fashion, to new inventions, to new methods of doing business."

In 1876 Jules Verne published his novel Michael Strogoff, which takes place during a fictional uprising and war in Siberia. Verne included among the book's characters a war correspondent for The Daily Telegraph, named Harry Blount, who is depicted as an exceptionally dedicated, resourceful and courageous journalist, taking great personal risks in order to continue closely monitor the ongoing war and bring accurate news of it to the readers of the Telegraph, ahead of competing newspapers.

1900–1945

In 1908, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany gave a controversial interview to The Daily Telegraph that severely damaged Germany-UK relations and added to international tensions in the build-up to World War I. In 1928 the son of the 1st Baron Burnham sold the paper to the 1st Viscount Camrose, in partnership with his brother Viscount Kemsley and the 1st Baron Iliffe. Both the Camrose (Berry) and Burnham (Levy-Lawson) families remained involved in management until Conrad Black took control in 1986.

In 1937 the newspaper absorbed The Morning Post, which traditionally espoused a conservative position and sold mainly to the retired official class. Originally William Ewart Berry, 1st Viscount Camrose, bought The Morning Post with the intention of publishing it alongside The Daily Telegraph, but poor sales of the former led him to combine both. For a few years the newspaper was renamed The Daily Telegraph and Morning Post before reverting to simply The Daily Telegraph. In the late 1930s Victor Gordon Lennox, diplomatic editor of the Telegraph, published a private anti-appeasement newspaper, The Whitehall Letter, which received much of its leaking information from Sir Robert Vansittart, the Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office, and Reginald "Rex" Leeper, the Foreign Office press secretary. As a result, Gordon Lennox was monitored by MI5.

In November 1940, with Fleet Street under almost daily bombardment by the Luftwaffe, The Telegraph began printing in Manchester at Kemsley House (now the entertainment center The Printworks), which was run by Camrose's brother, Kemsley. Manchester very often printed the entire run of The Telegraph, when its Fleet Street offices were under threat. The name Kemsley House was changed to Thomson House in 1959. In 1986 printing of the northern editions of the Daily and Sunday Telegraph moved to Trafford Park and in 2008 to Newsprinters in Knowsley, Liverpool.

During World War II, The Daily Telegraph secretly assisted in the recruitment of codebreakers for Bletchley Park. The ability to solve the Telegraph crossword puzzle in less than 12 minutes was considered a selection test. The newspaper was asked to organize a crossword contest, after which each of the successful participants was contacted and asked if they would be willing to carry out "a certain type of work as a contribution to the war effort." The competition itself was won by F. H. W. Hawes of Dagenham, who finished the puzzle in less than eight minutes. In parallel, he was also the target of investigations by MI5, who suspected that his puzzles were used to send information to the enemy about military operations. on D-Day (See The Daily Telegraph Crossword Puzzle Incident).

1945–1986

1986–2004

Canadian businessman Conrad Black, through companies controlled by him, bought the Telegraph Group in 1986. Black, through his holding company Ravelston Corporation, owned 78% by Hollinger Inc., which at his He once owned 30% of Hollinger International. Hollinger International, which in turn owns the Telegraph Group and other publications such as the Chicago Sun-Times, The Jerusalem Post and The Spectator.

On January 18, 2004, Black was fired as chairman of the board of Hollinger International over allegations of financial improprieties. Black was also sued by the company. Later the same day it was reported that the Barclay brothers had agreed to buy Black's 78% stake in Hollinger Inc. for £245m, giving them a majority stake in the company, and to buy out minority shareholders later. However, a lawsuit was filed by the Hollinger International board to try to block Black from selling his Hollinger Inc. shares until an investigation into his dealings was completed. Black filed a countersuit, but eventually Judge Leo Strine ruled in favor of Hollinger International and blocked Black from selling his Hollinger Inc. shares to the twins. On March 7, 2004, the twins announced that they were launching another bid, this time solely for The Daily Telegraph and its sister newspaper Sunday instead of all of Hollinger. Inc. The owner of the Daily Express, Richard Desmond, was also interested in buying the newspaper, selling his interest in several pornographic magazines to finance the initiative. Desmond withdrew in March 2004, when the price rose above £600m, as did the Daily Mail and General Trust a few months later on 17 June.

2004–present

The Barclay brothers bought the Telegraph Group for around £665 million at the end of June 2004. Sir David Barclay suggested that The Daily Telegraph could no longer be the "home newspaper" of Conservatives in the future. In an interview with The Guardian , he said: "When the government is right we will support them." The editorial board supported the Conservative Party in the 2005 general election. 15 November 2004 was the 10th anniversary of the launch of the Telegraph website, Electronic Telegraph, now relaunched as www.telegraph.co.uk. On May 8, 2006, the first phase of a major redesign of the website took place, with a wider page layout and a greater role for audio, video and journalist blogs.

On 10 October 2005, The Daily Telegraph relaunched to incorporate a sports section and a new separate business section. Star columnist and political analyst for The Daily Mail Simon Heffer left that newspaper in October 2005 to rejoin The Daily Telegraph , where he has become associate editor. Heffer has written two weekly columns for the newspaper since late October 2005 and is a regular contributor to the news podcast. In November 2005 the first regular podcast service by a newspaper in the UK went live. Just before Christmas 2005, it was announced that the Telegraph titles would move from Canada's location at Canary Wharf, to the Plaza Victoria, near Victoria Station in central London. The new office features a hub and spoke” layout of the newsroom to produce content for print and online editions.

In October 2006, with its move to Victoria, the company was renamed Telegraph Media Group, repositioning itself as a multimedia company. On 2 September 2008, The Daily Telegraph was printed in color on every page for the first time when it left Westferry for Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, another arm of Rupert Murdoch's company. The paper is also printed. in Liverpool and Glasgow by Newsprinters. In May 2009, the daily and Sunday editions published spending details of deputies. This led to a series of high-profile resignations from both the ruling Labor administration and the Conservative opposition.

In June 2014, The Telegraph was criticized by Private Eye for its policy of replacing experienced journalists and news managers with less experienced staff and engine optimizers search. On September 10, 2014, the Telegraph Media Group launched the search with an announcement in The Daily Telegraph itself for a new Head of Interactive Journalism, stating that candidates must “have demonstrable interest in news and journalism (previous writing experience is not necessary however)".

Speculation that news coverage was influenced by advertisers

In July 2014, The Daily Telegraph was criticized for linking on its website to pro-Kremlin articles supplied by a Russian state-funded publication that downplayed any Russian involvement in the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17. These were featured on its website as part of a commercial deal, but were later withdrawn. The newspaper receives £900,000 to include the supplement Russia Beyond the Headlines, a publication sponsored by Rossiiskaya Gazeta, the official newspaper of the Russian government. An additional £750,000 a year is paid for a similar deal with the Chinese state in connection with the pro-Beijing supplement China Watch.

In February 2015, The Daily Telegraph's chief political commentator, Peter Oborne, resigned. Oborne accused the newspaper of a "form of fraud on its readers" for its coverage of HSBC bank in connection with a Swiss tax evasion scandal that was widely covered by other media outlets. It alleged that editorial decisions about news content had been heavily influenced by the newspaper's advertising arm because of commercial interests. New York University professor Jay Rosen said the resignation was "one of the things important things a journalist has written about journalism lately."

Oborne cited other examples of advertising strategy influencing the content of articles, linking it to the refusal to take an editorial line in the crackdown on democracy protests in Hong Kong over the Telegraph's support of China. In addition, he said that rave reviews of Cunard's cruise ship Queen Mary II appeared in the Telegraph, noting: "On May 10 of last year the Telegraph published a long article about Cunard's Queen Mary II cruise ship on the news opinion page. This episode seemed to many like a piece of advertising for an advertiser's promotion on a page normally devoted to serious news analysis. I again checked and certainly competitors of the Telegraph did not see the Cunard cruise as major news. Cunard is a major advertiser for the Telegraph". In response, the Telegraph called Oborne's statement a "shocking and baseless attack, full of inaccuracies and insinuations".

Political stance

The Daily Telegraph has been politically conservative in modern times. Personal links between the newspaper's editors and the leadership of the Conservative Party, along with the paper's generally right-wing stance and influence over Conservative activists, have resulted in the newspaper being commonly referred to, particularly in Private Eye, as the Torygraph. Even when support for the Conservative Party was shown to have had fallen in the opinion polls and the Labor Party had risen in them (notably when its leader, Tony Blair, renamed the party "New Labour" upon becoming leader after the death of John Smith in 1994), the newspaper remained loyal to the Conservatives. This loyalty continued after Labor ousted the Conservatives from power by a landslide election result in 1997, and ahead of Labor's 2001 election victory and Labour's third consecutive election victory in 2005.

The Daily Telegraph has been critical of the Scottish National Party. During the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, the newspaper supported the Better Together campaign which supported the 'No' vote. The Telegraph has published articles critical of Scottish political behaviour. Alex Salmond, the former leader of the PNE, called the Telegraph "extreme" on Question Time in September 2015.

Sister publications

The Sunday Telegraph

The sister Sunday paper to The Daily Telegraph was founded in 1961. Writer Sir Peregrine Worsthorne is probably the best-known journalist associated with the title (1961–97), ultimately serving as editor for three years beginning in 1986. In 1989 the title was briefly merged into a seven-day operation under the overall control of Max Hastings. In 2005 the newspaper was revamped, with Stella being added to the more traditional section of television and radio. It is priced at £2.00 and includes separate money, life, sport and business supplements. The circulation of The Sunday Telegraph in July 2010 was 505,214 (ABC)

The Young Telegraph

The Young Telegraph was a weekly feature of The Daily Telegraph published as a 14-page supplement to the newspaper's weekend edition. The Young Telegraph featured a mix of news, features, comics and opinion pieces aimed at children aged 8-12. It was edited by Damien Kelleher (1993-97) and Kitty Melrose (1997-1999). Launched in 1990, the award-winning supplement also ran stories from popular brand originals such as Young Indiana Jones and the British children's comedy Maid Marian and Her Merry Men. In 1995, an interactive spin-off called Electronic Young Telegraph was released on floppy disk. Described as an interactive computer magazine for children, Electronic Young Telegraph was edited by Adam Tanswell, who led the product's relaunch on CD-Rom in 1998. Electronic Young Telegraph featured original content including interactive quizzes, informative features and computer games, as well as entertainment news and reviews. It was later renamed T:Drive in 1999.

Website

Telegraph.co.uk is the online version of the newspaper. It uses the title The Telegraph and includes articles from the print editions of The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Telegraph, as well as web-only content, such as latest news, features, photo galleries and blogs. It was named UK Consumer Website of the Year for 2007 and Digital Publisher of the Year for 2009 by the Association of Online Publishers. Telegraph Media Group. Other staff include Shane Richmond, CTO (editorial), and Ian Douglas, head of digital production. The site, which has been the focus of the group's efforts to create a news operation integrated with news production, print and online content from the same newsroom, completed a relaunch in 2008 involving the use of the Escenic content management system, popular with Northern European and Scandinavian newspaper groups. Telegraph TV is a video-on-demand television service run by The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Telegraph. It is hosted on the official website of the Telegraph, telegraph.co.uk.

Telegraph.co.uk became the UK's most popular newspaper site in April 2008. It was overtaken by Guardian.co.uk in April 2009 and later by Mail Online. As of December 2010, Telegraph.co.uk was the third most visited British newspaper website with 1.7 million daily visitors compared to 2.3 million for Guardian.co.uk and almost 3 million for Mail Online.

In November 2012 international customers accessing the Telegraph.co.uk site would need to register for a subscription package. Visitors had access to 20 free articles a month before having to sign up for unlimited access. In March 2013, the payment system also went live in the UK.

History

The website was launched, under the name Electronic Telegraph at noon on 15 November 1994 at The Daily Telegraph headquarters in Canary Wharf in the Docklands From london. It was the first web-based daily newspaper in Europe. Initially the site published only the main news from the print edition of the newspaper, but it progressively increased its coverage until practically the entire newspaper was carried online and the website also published original material. Hosted on a Sun Microsystems Sparc 20 server and connected via a dedicated 64 kbit/s leased line from Demon Internet, the website was edited by Ben Rooney. The key personnel behind the launch of the site were Matthew Doull and Saul Klein and later The Daily Telegraph marketing manager Hugo Drayton and web developer Fiona Carter. Drayton later became managing director of the newspaper.

An early coup for the site was the publication of articles by Ambrose Evans-Pritchard on Bill Clinton and the Whitewater controversy. The availability of the articles online brought a large American audience to the site. In 1997, the Clinton administration released a 331-page report that accused Evans-Pritchard of trafficking "right-wing fabrications." Derek Bishton, who had by then succeeded Rooney as editor, later wrote: "In the days before ET, it would have been highly unlikely that anyone in the US would have been aware of Evans-Pritchard's work - and certainly not to the extent that the White House would be forced to issue a lengthy rebuttal as such." Bishton, who later became a consulting editor for the Telegraph Media Group, was followed as editor by Richard Burton, who was fired. in August 2006. Edward Roussel replaced Burton.

My Telegraph

My Telegraph offers a platform for readers to have their own blog, save articles and network with other readers. Launched in May 2007, My Telegraph won an IFRA International Newspaper Award in October 2007. One of the judges, Robert Cauthorn, described the project as "the best display of blogs yet seen in any newspaper anywhere in the world." world".

Notable Stories

In May 2009, the daily and Sunday editions published details of the expenses of the deputies. This led to a series of high-profile resignations from both the ruling Labor administration and the Conservative opposition.

In December 2010, Telegraph journalists posing as constituents secretly recorded business secretary Vince Cable. In an undisclosed portion of the transcript given to the BBC's Robert Peston by an unhappy whistleblower that the Telegraph had not published Cable's comments in full, Cable stated in reference to the takeover bid from News Corporation by BSkyB made by Rupert Murdoch, "I have declared war on Mr. Murdoch and I believe we are going to win." Murdoch's takeover plans, removed from his role as business secretary. In May 2011, the Press Complaints Commission upheld a complaint regarding the Telegraph's use of subterfuge: "On this occasion, the commission was not convinced that the public interest was such as to justify proportionately this level of subterfuge". In July 2011, a firm of private investigators hired by the Telegraph to trace the origin of the leak concluded on a "strong suspicion" that two former Telegraph employees who had transferred to News International, one of them William Lewis, had had access to the transcript and audio files and leaked them to Peston.

The Daily Telegraph has published premature obituaries for Cockie Hoogterp, Baron Blixen's second wife, Dave Swarbrick in 1999, and Dorothy Southworth Ritter, widow of Tex Ritter and mother of John Ritter, in August 2001.

Awards

At the 2010 British Press Awards, The Daily Telegraph was named 'National Newspaper of the Year' for its coverage of the 2009 spending scandal (dubbed 'The Scoop of the Year"), with William Lewis winning "Journalist of the Year". The Telegraph won "Team of the Year" in 2004 for its coverage of the Iraq War. The newspaper also won "Columnist of the Year". » from 2002 to 2004: Zoë Heller (2002), Robert Harris (2003) and Boris Johnson (2004).

Further reading

• Burnham, E. F. L. (1955). Peterborough Court: The Story of The Daily Telegraph. Cassell.
• Merrill, John C. and Fisher, Harold A. The World's Great Dailies: Profiles of Fifty Newspapers (1980), pp. 111-16.
• Hart-Davis, Duff. The House the Berrys Built. Concern the story of The Daily Telegraph from the beginning until 1986. Illustrated with references and illustrations by William Ewart Berry, 1.er vizconde Camrose (later called Lord Camrose).
• Hartwell, William Michael Berry, baron. William Camrose: Giant of Fleet Street. Illustrated biography with black and white photographic plates and includes an index. It refers to your links with The Daily Telegraph.