Territorial organization of Mexico
The territorial organization of Mexico is the set of rules and processes under which the integral parts of the geographical area that the country occupies are divided and administered. Both aspects (norms and processes) have been the result of the historical events that delimited the physical space, but also of the different government systems and constitutional regimes that the country had.
The current structure and its leadership respond to those of a federation, that is, there are sovereign territorial units; In addition, the central government is directly responsible for those territorial components assigned to it by law (airspace, seas, and adjacent islands). Understanding this concept as a political division order, the country is made up of thirty-two federative entities (thirty-one states and Mexico City, capital of the republic). In turn, these entities are divided into municipalities —in the case of the states, whose current number is 2,469— or territorial demarcations —in the case of Mexico City, whose current number is sixteen.
History
Independence and the constitutional empire
The first documents or statutes that institutionalized the insurgent movement (Constitutional Elements and Sentiments of the Nation), in the context of the War of Independence, did not accurately configure the type of political division and its administration, given the express intention of separation of the new nation, with respect to the Spanish Empire.
On November 6, 1813, the Anahuac Congress issued the Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of North America. Said denomination made clear reference to the name used by the Constitution of Cádiz, to delimit the territory of the Spanish Empire that corresponded to the Viceroyalty of New Spain and its dependent areas (Captain General of Guatemala, Cuba, Florida, Puerto Rico and the Spanish part of the island of Santo Domingo —now the Dominican Republic—); assuming with it that this was the geographical space on which the new nation would be constituted. However, it was the Constitution of Apatzingán of 1814, the first that accurately named the integral parts of the new country and dedicated a section to its internal and provisional administration; in it he collected several of the proposals contained in the Spanish Magna Carta. This transitory organization would consist of constituting collegiate bodies, called juntas, based on three subdivisions with the following denominations (from smallest to largest): district, parish and party; The provincial deputies of the eventual Supreme Congress would emerge elected from them, and these would be, at the same time, the highest authorities of said provinces. However, neither these legal systems, nor their driving institutions, survived the fall of José María Morelos.
The documents that preceded the consummation of independence (Plan de Iguala and Treaties of Córdoba), did not deal with the internal administration of the territory, however they did deal with its conformation, by continually using the term America Northern, which they began to call the Mexican Empire. On September 27, 1821, with the entry into Mexico City of the Triguarante Army, the independence struggle was concluded. The following day, and under the provision of the aforementioned statutes, the Provisional Government Board was installed, which as a legislative body would have full authority over the affairs of the Empire. In the aspect of territorial organization, this collegiate body contemplated those old provinces of New Spain as members of the Empire, and temporarily preserved the same structures that the colonial authority had; appointing Superior Political Chiefs for each province and recognizing the validity of the municipalities as local government entities. In the same way, he maintained the direction of the so-called Interior Provinces (the northern territories) that were governed by the Viceroy himself, and the territorial jurisdictions of a military nature (Captainships). These same documents declared Mexico City the capital of the Empire, a condition it has maintained ever since.
The first official political division of the Mexican Empire was contained in the law of November 17, 1821, issued by the Government Junta to convene the formation of the Constituent Congress; assuming that the areas that ratified it were the members of the Empire. From this it emerged that the nascent Empire was made up of twenty-one provinces: The 17 provinces and the two territories (Las Californias and Santa Fe de Nuevo México) that made up New Spain, in addition to the province of Chiapas (a member at that time of the Captaincy General of Guatemala) and the General Captaincy of Yucatán, elevated to provincial rank, the same as the northern territories.
On January 5, 1822, the former General Captaincy of Guatemala (which included —in addition to the already incorporated Chiapas— Soconusco, and present-day Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica), whose component territories had declared its independence on September 15, 1821, proclaimed its adhesion to the Plan of Iguala and the Treaties of Córdoba, and consequently its full incorporation into the Mexican Empire. On May 19, 1822, Congress named Agustín de Iturbide as Emperor of Mexico and endowed him with a legal order to administer the country; This was the Provisional Political Regulation of the Mexican Empire, promulgated on February 23, 1823. It established the Higher Political Chiefs as the highest provincial authorities; the most populated cities or ports could have political sub-chiefs who, subordinate to the one in the provincial capital, would have the same powers in their area of influence; the municipalities continued to be the primary component of the division of the provinces, although with little autonomy from the Superior Political Chief. It also contemplated that the provincial deputies in the Constituent Congress could intervene in the administration of their respective entity at any time.
- The 24 provinces in which the Empire was divided were:
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However, the Constitutional Empire did not take long to demonstrate the incompatibility of its two main members, the Emperor and the Constituent Congress, which instead of legislating a Constitution, wanted to act as Executive Power and advocate a Coup d'état. Some deputies began to be imprisoned for their participation in conspiracies against the Mexican Empire and finally Emperor Agustín I decided to definitively dissolve the Congress, to establish in its place a National Instituting Board.
The lack of reforms on the part of the Constituent Board and the absence of solutions to the serious problems that the country was going through increased the conspiracies to change the political system. Antonio López de Santa Anna proclaimed the Casa Mata Plan to the who would later be joined by Vicente Guerrero and Nicolás Bravo. Iturbide then saw the need to restore Congress to avoid a new civil war and abdicate from the Mexican crown on March 19, 1823.
However, Congress declared the nullity of Iturbide's appointment and therefore the recognition of the abdication and made Iturbide's coronation appear as a mistake, this despite having obtained independence with the signature of the highest authority Spanish in Mexico through the Treaty of Córdoba as a Mexican Empire that stipulated a coronation.
The dissolution of the Empire thus gave rise to the first political readjustment of independent Mexico.
The Republic and the Federal Union
After the fall of the Empire, the Supreme Executive Power arose, which would be in charge of convoking the creation of the Federal Republic, it was in force between April 1, 1823 and October 10, 1824.
The agitation in the provinces was such that on May 21, 1823 it was specified in article 6 of the project of bases of the Federative Republic that «its integral parts are free, sovereign and independent States in what touches their administration and government." In other words, they were free to follow their destiny as they saw fit. However, most of the now Free States that were summoned to the integration of a Federal Republic, acceded to the Union, with the exception of all of the former General Captaincy of Guatemala that formed its own Republic. Federal.
On January 31, 1824, the decree was issued by which the Constitutive Act of the Mexican Federation was created. Article 6 of the project of bases of the federal Republic was integrated into it. To determine the territorial division of the country, the criteria that the states summoned to found the federation were used: «[...] nor were they so few that due to their size and wealth they could in a few years aspire to become independent nations, breaking the federal bond, nor so many that due to lack of men and resources the system would become impracticable.»
Between the course of 1823 and 1824, the various Free States that would integrate the federation in the future had already begun drafting their own constitutions and others had even installed their constituent Congresses. Special cases were that of Yucatán, which on December 23, 1823 decided to form part of the federation but as a Federated Republic and that of Chiapas, which through a referendum decided to join the federation on September 14. from 1824.
Finally, the Federal Constitution was promulgated on October 4, 1824, thus creating the United Mexican States. The country was made up of 19 states: Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila and Texas, Durango, Guanajuato, Mexico, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla de los Ángeles, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sonora and Sinaloa or the State of the West, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Jalisco, Yucatan and Zacatecas. In addition, 4 federal territories were formed: Alta California, Baja California, Colima, and Santa Fe de Nuevo México. After the publication of the constitution, in that same year the Federal District was created; and Tlaxcala, which had retained a special status since the times of the conquest, it was integrated as a territory. The Magna Carta established as a form of territorial organization, popular representative governments (in the style of the federation) with division of powers: executive, legislative and judicial. Among the powers of the states, there were those related to delimiting the administration of their government and territory; to apply the international treaties signed by the federation; protect the political and civil liberties of its citizens; appear before the General Congress for everything related to public finances; and they were prohibited from exercising any of their own policies in matters of the armed forces or international relations, whether commercial, diplomatic or even armed conflicts.
On October 10, 1824, Guadalupe Victoria was sworn in as the first President of Mexico.
Centralist Republic
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The political structure of the Republic was modified by the law of August 6, 1835, when the centralist system was established.
The entities that made up the Republic therefore lost their autonomy and sovereignty, remaining totally subordinated to the central government. However, the territorial division itself remained the same, since the text of article 8 of this law only determined: The national territory will be divided into departments, on the basis of population, locality and other conducive circumstances: their number, extension and subdivisions, the would detail a constitutional law.
The Seven Constitutional Laws were promulgated on December 30, 1836. It was the sixth of them that dealt with territorial configuration in its 1st and 2nd articles; the 1st determined, ratifying the criteria of the law of October 3, 1835, that the Republic would be divided into departments, these into districts and the districts in turn into parties. Article 2 provided that the arrangement of the Republic into departments would be made by a special law that would have a constitutional character.
The law in question was called the Eighth Organic Base, which in effect formed a separate body from the Seven Laws. The first of its articles provided that the national territory would be integrated by as many Departments as there were the States, except for the variations that:
- Coahuila and Texas separated into two different departments.
- The territory of Colima would be added to the department of Michoacán.
- The territory of Tlaxcala would be integrated into the Mexican department.
- The Federal District would dismiss.
According to the above, the new territorial division was made up of 24 departments. Such territorial composition was considered definitive until June 30, 1838, by law of that date.
In this period of political instability, regional problems and conflicts between the center and the country's entities also manifested themselves. Rebellions broke out in various places, including:
- Yucatan under his condition Federal Republic was declared independent in 1840 — officially in 1841. The Republic of Yucatan definitively rejoined the nation in 1848.
- Texas declared itself independent because of the change of the federalist system to the centralist opposed participating in the latter. It called for a Convention in Austin that declared the people of Texas at war against the central government of Mexico, thus not knowing authorities and laws. This is how the Republic of Texas is born.
- In the states of Nuevo León, Tamaulipas and Coahuila, rebel groups proclaimed their independence from Mexico briefly (just less than 250 days); but the Republic of the Rio Grande was never consolidated because the rebel forces were defeated by the centralist forces, the maximum area they dominated was located no more than 60 kilometers from the Rio Bravo.
- The state of Tabasco decreed its separation from Mexico on February 13, 1841, in protest over the centralism in the country and the sanctions imposed on the state by President Anastasio Bustamante. The state would officially re-enter Mexico on December 2, 1842.
- In Chiapas there was a problem that the Soconusco region had remained undecided between joining Mexico or Guatemala, since the Declaration of Independence of both nations in 1821. The matter should only be defined until the decree of September 11, 1842, by which the Soconusco was united to Mexico and integrated into the department of Chiapas.
Restoration of Federalism and the Second Empire
Federalism was restored by the provisional president José Mariano Salas on August 22, 1846, as modifications to the territorial configuration the state of Guerrero was erected —provisionally in 1849—, conditional on the acceptance of the legislatures of Mexico, Puebla and Michoacán, whose regions were to be affected.
On February 5, 1857, a new constitution known as the Federal Constitution of 1857 was promulgated. Variants of internal administration included prohibiting states from minting money and the power to resolve territorial disputes with other states, prior approval of Congress. In addition to recovering the full autonomy of their local powers with respect to the federal ones.
In 1864, however, after the French Intervention, the monarchical and centralist system was reestablished, the Second Mexican Empire led by Emperor Maximilian of Habsburg. The Assembly of Notables that exercised the legislative power provisionally, promulgated the Provisional Statute of the Mexican Empire, a legal order that outlined the political organization of the Empire, the statute also established, among other things, the norms for land administration. Among the precepts was the division into fifty departments governed by political Prefects, directly appointed by the monarch; between them and the emperor the figures of Commissioners and Visitors were created, intermediate authorities with powers of auditing and justice administration; the Departments were divided into districts governed by deputy chiefs and municipalities with the traditional organization of town halls and mayors; each department had Departmental Councils with legislative powers; between Prefects and Mayors there would be imperial Commissioners as an intermediate authority. The Empire was deposed in 1867 and republican federalism would be restored again under the Federal Constitution of 1857.
1917 Constitution
The Political Constitution of 1917 that would arise from the Mexican Revolution, confirmed the federal system of government that has lasted to this day. However, in 1960 various reforms updated the concept of national territory to adapt it to the interests of the country, in accordance with public international law. As was the recognition of the territorial sea (12 nautical miles —22.2 km— counted from the baseline from which its width is measured), the exclusive economic zone (200 nautical miles —370.4 km— counted from of the baseline from which its width is measured.) and the airspace (all that included in horizontal mode over the continental territory and the territorial sea; vertically with ranges not established, but estimated at 100 km) as zones of federal administration.
After the last federal territories (Baja California Sur and Quintana Roo in 1974) were elevated to the category of States, all constitutional changes in matters of territorial organization have been linked to the status of Mexico City; until then a Federal District with absolute dependence on the three powers of the Union. The progressive modifications to this began in 1988 with the formation of a popularly elected legislative body (Assembly of Representatives of the Federal District), continued in 1997 with the election of its own executive power (Head of Government of the D.F.), and concluded in 2016 with the drafting of its own constitution; granting it in the federal magna carta, the same rights and faculties of any state, but which, considering its category of capital of the republic , retains the name of federative entity ; The names Mexico D.F. and Federal District are also no longer used, to use only the term Mexico City.
Current organization
The definition, conformation and structure of the Mexican territory are regulated by Titles II (Chapter II) and V, and covering them in seven and eight articles, respectively, within the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. Mainly because of article 42 that establishes:
The national territory includes:
- I. The members of the Federation;
- II. The islands, including reefs and cays in the adjacent seas;
- III. The islands of Guadalupe and the islands of Revillagigedo located in the Pacific Ocean;
- IV. The continental shelf and the submarine sockets of the islands, cays and reefs;
- V. The waters of the territorial seas in the extension and terms established by international law and inland maritime law;
- VI. The space located on the national territory, with the extension and modalities established by International Law itself.
Entities
The entities of the Mexican Federation are free and sovereign, autonomous in their internal regime. They have the power to govern themselves according to their own laws; They have their own constitution that must not contradict the principles of the federal constitution. The powers of its executive and legislative powers are understood as those that are rights of the entities; as the ownership of the command of the public force (state police and assigned national guard); directing and regulating their own economic, social development and public security policies; as well as the administration of those resources that arise from their local taxes or their own income.
States may not make alliances with other states, or with any independent nation, without the permission of the federation. They are also prohibited from minting coins; tax merchandise or transit of Mexicans and foreigners; incur foreign debt; legislate on fiscal matters for those economic aspects that are exclusive to the federal government and have its own Armed Forces.
The political organization of each state is based on a separation of powers: Legislative power rests with a unicameral congress; executive power rests with a governor elected by universal suffrage; and the judicial power falls on a Superior Court of Justice. Since the states have legal autonomy, each one has its own civil and penal codes, in addition to public security forces. However, it is up to the Senate to resolve differences in territorial limits or declare the disappearance of powers in case of serious alteration of the state. order; and to the Supreme Court of Justice to resolve constitutional controversies between the entities, or these with their municipalities, the federal powers and the autonomous bodies.
In the Senate of the Republic, the federal entities —the States and Mexico City— are represented by three senators: two elected by universal suffrage based on the principle of relative majority and one assigned to the party that obtains the first minority. In addition, the federation forms a constituency from which 32 senators are elected according to the method of proportional representation with open party lists. The deputies, on the contrary, do not represent the states, but the citizens.
Internal organization of states
The states are divided internally into municipalities —or territorial demarcations, in the case of Mexico City—. Each municipality enjoys autonomy in its ability to elect its own council, which is responsible, in most cases, for providing all the public services that its population requires. This concept, which would arise from the Mexican Revolution, is known as free municipality. The council is headed by a municipal president, elected every three years. Each municipality has a council made up of councilors based on their population size and trustees according to the number established by state law. In the case of the territorial demarcations of Mexico City, these will have an executive power (mayors) elected by universal suffrage, with executive powers and administrative autonomy identical to those of the municipalities, but they will lack city councils or councils for legislative functions. In total in Mexico there are 2466 municipalities; the state with the largest number of municipalities is Oaxaca, with 570, and the state with the lowest number is Baja California Sur, with only 5.
At the same time, municipalities are empowered by local constitutions to organize themselves territorially; most of them calling Delegations those communities located outside the urban area that constitutes the so-called Municipal Headquarters. Although these do not have greater autonomy than the election of their delegate and participation in community development projects; since the functions of these administrative entities are merely executory of the determinations of the city council.
They are also empowered to coordinate their organization with those municipalities with which they constitute, according to the INEGI categorization, a Metropolitan Area.
Other subdivisions
The different State Secretariats, depending on the application of public policies under their jurisdiction, usually divide the country into zones, sectors or regions, which may include different states or municipalities. The administrative divisions of the Armed Forces, established by the Defense and Navy secretariats, stand out as an example; or the economic regions that respond to the plans and programs of secretariats such as those of Economy and Tourism.
For purposes of the composition of the Chamber of Deputies; the Constitution and the electoral Law contemplate the division of the country into 300 districts and five constituencies. The same situation (division into districts) contemplates the local constitutions for the integration of local congresses.
While the Judiciary, through the Council of the Judiciary, divides the country into circuits (regions that may include several states) and judicial districts (regions within entities) for the administration of its faculties and the jurisdiction of its courts.
Federal entities of the United Mexican States
The 32 entities (31 states and Mexico City) defined in the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States as "integral parts of the Federation" are:
| Official name | Abbreviation | Shield | Capital | Most populated city | Surface (km2) | Population (2020) | Population density (hab/km2) | Order of creation | Date of creation | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aguascalientes | Ags. |  | Aguascalientes | Aguascalientes | 5618 | 1425607 | 237.23 | 24 | 05/02/1857 | .svg) |
| Baja California | B. C. |  | Mexicali | Tijuana | 71446 | 3769020 | 50.86 | 29 | 16/01/1952 |  |
| Baja California Sur | B. C. S. |  | La Paz | La Paz | 73922 | 798447 | 8.62 | 30 | 08/10/1974 |  |
| Campeche | Camp. |  | San Francisco de Campeche | San Francisco de Campeche | 57924 | 928363 | 14.20 | 25 | 29/04/1863 |  |
| Chiapas | Chis. |  | Tuxtla Gutiérrez | Tuxtla Gutiérrez | 73289 | 5543828 | 65.45 | 19 | 14/09/1824 | .svg) |
| Chihuahua | Chih. |  | Chihuahua | Ciudad Juárez | 247455 | 3741869 | 13.77 | 18 | 06/07/1824 | .svg) |
| Mexico City | CDMX |  | - | Iztapalapa | 1485 | 9209944 | 5960.27 | 32 | 30/01/2016 | _in_Mexico_(zoom).svg) |
| Coahuila de Zaragoza5 | Coah. |  | Saltillo | Saltillo | 151563 | 3146771 | 20.16 | 16 | 07/05/1824 | .svg) |
| Colima | Col. |  | Colima | Manzanillo | 5625 | 731391 | 115.65 | 23 | 09/12/1856 | .svg) |
| Durango | Dgo. |  | Victoria de Durango | Victoria de Durango | 123451 | 1832650 | 13.23 | 17 | 22/05/1824 | .svg) |
| Guanajuato | Gto. |  | Guanajuato | Lion of the Aldama | 30608 | 6166934 | 179.25 | 2 | 20/12/1823 | .svg) |
| Guerrero | Gro. |  | Chilpancingode los Bravo | Acapulco de Juárez | 63621 | 3540685 | 53.26 | 21 | 27/10/1849 | .svg) |
| Hidalgo | I do. |  | Pachuca de Soto | Pachuca de Soto | 20813 | 3082841 | 128.05 | 26 | 16/01/1869 | .svg) |
| Jalisco | Jal. |  | Guadalajara | Guadalajara | 78599 | 8348151 | 93.52 | 9 | 23/12/1823 | .svg) |
| Mexico | Méx. |  | Toluca de Lerdo | Ecatepec de Morelos | 22357 | 16992418 | 678.80 | 1 | 20/12/1823 | _in_Mexico_(zoom).svg) |
| Michoacán de Ocampo | Mich. |  | Morelia | Morelia | 58643 | 4748846 | 74.20 | 5 | 22/12/1823 | .svg) |
| Morelos | Mor. |  | Cuernavaca | Cuernavaca | 4893 | 1971520 | 363.22 | 27 | 17/04/1869 | .svg) |
| Nayarit | Nay. |  | Tepic | Tepic | 27815 | 1235456 | 39.01 | 28 | 26/01/1917 | .svg) |
| Nuevo León | N. L. |  | Monterrey | Monterrey | 64220 | 5784442 | 72.46 | 15 | 07/05/1824 | .svg) |
| Oaxaca | Oax. |  | Oaxaca de Juárez | Oaxaca de Juárez | 93793 | 4132148 | 40.54 | 3 | 21/12/1823 |  |
| Puebla | Pue. |  | Puebla de Zaragoza | Puebla de Zaragoza | 34290 | 6583278 | 168.56 | 4 | 21/12/1823 | .svg) |
| Querétaro | Qro. |  | Santiago de Querétaro | Santiago de Querétaro | 11684 | 2368467 | 156.45 | 11 | 23/12/1823 | .svg) |
| Quintana Roo | Q. R. |  | Chetumal | Cancun | 42361 | 1857985 | 31.29 | 31 | 08/10/1974 | .svg) |
| San Luis Potosí | S. L. P. |  | San Luis Potosí | San Luis Potosí | 60983 | 2822255 | 42.40 | 6 | 22/12/1823 | .svg) |
| Sinaloa | No. |  | Culiacán Rosales | Culiacán Rosales | 57377 | 3026943 | 48.24 | 20 | 14/10/1830 | .svg) |
| Sonora6 | They are. |  | Beautiful | Beautiful | 179503 | 2944840 | 14.83 | 12 | 10/01/1824 | .svg) |
| Tabasco | Tab. | .svg) | Villahermosa | Villahermosa | 24738 | 2402598 | 90.49 | 13 | 07/02/1824 | .svg) |
| Tamaulipas | Tamps. |  | Victoria | Reynosa | 80175 | 3527735 | 40.77 | 14 | 07/02/1824 | .svg) |
| Tlaxcala | Tlax. |  | Xicohténcatl Tlaxcala | St. Paul of the Mount | 4016 | 1342977 | 291.32 | 22 | 09/12/1856 | .svg) |
| Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave | See. |  | Xalapa-Enríquez | Xalapa-Enríquez | 71820 | 8062579 | 106.42 | 7 | 22/12/1823 | .svg) |
| Yucatan7 | Yuc. |  | Merida | Merida | 39612 | 2320898 | 49.37 | 8 | 23/12/1823 | .svg) |
| Zacatecas | Zac. |  | Zacatecas | Guadalupe | 75539 | 1622138 | 19.73 | 10 | 23/12/1823 | .svg) |
Notes and Considerations
- The creation dates correspond to those of the installation of the local congresses and the consequent ratifications of the Constitutive Act of the Mexican Federation. However, all federated states and federal administration territories had already been constituted as provinces of the Mexican Empire, as mentioned in the first official political division, the result of the accession to the decree of 17 November 1821 to form the Courts.
- The capital of the United Mexican States is Mexico City (see note 4).
- Unless otherwise indicated, the federative entities shall have the initial sentence by name: Free and Sovereign State.
- When the entity was established to house the powers of the Federal Republic, a district was created which was named Federal whose capital was located in Mexico City. The city's unmeasured growth has caused most of the district to occupy today, so the terms Mexico City and Federal District they were considered as synonyms of constitutional rank, although the latter has no validity since 2017. If the federal government changed its headquarters, Mexico City would continue to call itself in the same way.
- He joined the federation with the name of Coahuila and Texas.
- He joined the federation with the name of Western State, also recognized as Sonora and Sinaloa.
- He joined the federation as the Federated Republic of Yucatan on May 29, 1823, formed by the current states of Yucatan, Campeche and Quintana Roo; however, it was until December 23, 1823 when he was admitted as a state of federation.
| State | Variable | RENAPO | Two letters | (ISO 3166-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aguascalientes | Ags. | AS | AG | MX-AGU |
| Baja California | B.C. | BC | BC | MX-BCN |
| Baja California Sur | B.C.S. | BS | BS | MX-BCS |
| Campeche | Camp. | CC | CM | MX-CAM |
| Chiapas | Chis. | CS | CS | MX-CHP |
| Chihuahua | Chih. | CH | CH | MX-CHH |
| Mexico City | C.D.Mx. | DF | CX | MX-CMX |
| Coahuila | Coah. | CL | CO | MX-COA |
| Colima | Col. | CM | CL | MX-COL |
| Durango | Dgo. | DG | DG | MX-DUR |
| Guanajuato | Gto. | GT | GT | MX-GUA |
| Guerrero | Gro. | GR | GR | MX-GRO |
| Hidalgo | I do. | HG | HG | MX-HID |
| Jalisco | Jal. | JC | JC | MX-JAL |
| Mexico | Edo. Méx. | MC | EM | MX-MEX |
| Michoacán | Mich. | MN | MY | MX-MIC |
| Morelos | Mor. | MS | MO | MX-MOR |
| Nayarit | Nay. | NT | NA | MX-NAY |
| Nuevo León | N.L. | NL | NL | MX-NLE |
| Oaxaca | Oax. | OC | OA | MX-OAX |
| Puebla | Pue. | PL | PU | MX-PUE |
| Querétaro | Qro. | QO | QT | MX-QUE |
| Quintana Roo | Q. Roo. | QR | QR | MX-ROO |
| San Luis Potosí | S.L.P. | SP | SL | MX-SLP |
| Sinaloa | No. | SL | Yes | MX-SIN |
| Sonora | They are. | SR | SO | MX-SON |
| Tabasco | Tab. | TC | TB | MX-TAB |
| Tamaulipas | Tamps. | TS | TM | MX-TAM |
| Tlaxcala | Tlax. | TL | TL | MX-TLA |
| Veracruz | See. | VZ | VE | MX-VER |
| Yucatan | Yuc. | YN | YU | MX-YUC |
| Zacatecas | Zac. | ZS | ZA | MX-ZAC |
Notes:
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