Television in Venezuela
Television in Venezuela is one of the main mass media in the country, as it reaches 95% of Venezuelan households. By the end of 2006, the VHF radio space was occupied by 75% by the private sector and 22% by the public sector, while in UHF 82% of the stations were private and 18% public. The number of hours invested by Venezuelans in the media is also favorable for television, the open signal occupies 46% of the hours and subscription television 17%, while the remaining 36% is invested in radio, press and Internet.
This trend has reversed since the Presidency of Hugo Chávez, with the state almost exclusively controlling most of the television spectrum, both private and public in its entirety. This has generated great restrictions on the freedom of expression of the few existing private media.
History
1952-1979
Television in Venezuela was established on November 22, 1952 when President Marcos Pérez Jiménez inaugurated the National Television Station (TVN) on the radio frequency of channel 5 corresponding to the 76-82 MHz of the VHF band. On the same day of the inauguration, one of the equipment failed and it was put into operation on January 1, 1953. In 1953, two private channels for commercial purposes were inaugurated, TeleVisa —without relation to the current Mexican chain— on the channel 4 of the VHF band on June 1, and Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) on 174-180 MHz, on November 15. Subsequently, the latter company requested the change from channel 7 to 2 of the VHF band to improve its coverage in Caracas.
The first regional channels that came into operation were Ondas del Lago TV and Radio Valencia Televisión (later known as TeleTrece) in 1956, 1957 and 1958 respectively, although they would last a few years on the air. In 1960, Televisa went through a severe crisis, declared bankruptcy and closed on June 30 of that year. This channel is recovered by the Venezuelan State, through the Venezuelan Development Corporation for being the largest creditor, then it is acquired by businessman Diego Cisneros, and changes its name to Venevisión since March 1, 1961. On August 1 In 1964, the fourth channel with national coverage was created, Cadena Venezolana de Televisión, which 10 years later was acquired by the Venezuelan State, calling itself simply Venezolana de Televisión (VTV) and, thus, remaining two private national channels (RCTV and Venevisión) and two public ones (TVN and VTV) in Venezuela.
The first experimental color transmission took place on June 1, 1972 when Radio Caracas Televisión produced color programming for the first time in Venezuela with Renny Ottolina's program "Churun Meru". Regular transmissions began on Monday, June 1. January 1973[citation needed] and several soap operas beginning in 1974 were recorded in color for broadcast abroad. The first color test broadcasts were sporting events, including the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany and the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. In 1976 and the 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina. The second experimental color transmission took place in 1978 when the general elections of 1978 were held and the inauguration of Luis Herrera Campíns on March 12, 1979. After almost a decade of illegal color transmissions, on Saturday, March 1, December 1979, it was inaugurated with the music program on TVN Channel 5 and a week later, on December 8, 1979, within the framework of the 1979 OTI Festival, with which the era of color began on both channels and the transition it was completed on June 1, 1980 on all television networks.
1979-1998
In 1979 Teleboconó was born, considered the first Venezuelan community television channel, located in the State of Trujillo. The regional television channels that had been created in the 1950s had an ephemeral life as independent before joining the Caracas-based chains and there would be no more concessions for regional channels until 1982 when Televisora Andina de Mérida began commercial operations, some years later Amavisión and these would be followed by another large number of television stations since the late eighties including Telecaribe, Televisora Regional del Táchira, CMT and Niños Cantores Televisión (currently Channel Once ) inaugurated on January 31, 1987.
In 1986, the installation of companies dedicated to retransmitting foreign television by means of satellite dishes for the reception of satellite signals was allowed, at the same time, in August 1988, Omnivisión was founded, the first subscription television channel to retransmit, using the radio spectrum and through an MMDS system (Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System), varied programming of the main international channels.
In 1990, the Telecentro channel was born, the first regional channel in Barquisimeto, Lara state. In 1993 TVO was inaugurated in Puerto La Cruz, Anzoátegui State and in 1994 Televiza in Maracaibo, Zulia State. In 1995, Promar TV began service in Barquisimeto, Lara State. The fifth television channel with national coverage, Televen, was born in 1988, entering into commercial competition with the RCTV and Venevisión stations.
Televen was the first channel in Venezuela to broadcast 24 hours a day, first on weekends and later all day. From 1976 to 1998, the Venezuelan State only had two national television channels, but given their poor financing, the TVN signal became joint from 1992 to 1998 with VTV. Also, in the 1990s, the specialized channels aimed at specific audiences: Globovisión (founded on December 1, 1994), as a news channel; Bravo TV (founded on March 22, 1995, later renamed to Puma TV) dedicated to music videos; Meridiano Televisión (founded on December 5, 1997), as a sports channel.
In 1998 two channels were created that would replace others; Marte TV, which was previously a production company, was founded on September 29, as a variety and entertainment channel, replacing Omnivisión, since it had a forced expropriation; and Vale TV, founded on December 4, 1998, dedicated to science and culture, whose signal occupies the signal of TVN, which had ceased transmissions in January 1992 and its signal until then was used by Venezolana de Televisión simultaneously. with that of channel 8.
1998-2007
The sixth television channel with national coverage was La Tele (formerly Marte TV), born on December 1, 2002. At that time, the country was going through a difficult situation; however, the commitment and willingness of the channel's shareholders, board of directors, management and support staff, allowed it to continue broadcasting the regular programming existing at that time in a continuous 24-hour schedule.
Since 1998, the Venezuelan State had only one television channel, VTV, and after 2002 the government decided to launch the channel ViVe (2003), teleSUR (2005) (formerly CMT), TVES (2007) (Signal that until said year occupied by RCTV) and Asamblea Nacional Televisión, in addition to supporting and financing a network of community channels as well as Ávila Televisión belonging to the Caracas Metropolitan Mayor's Office. United States politicians have commented that TeleSUR is a propaganda tool in favor of the Bolivarian Revolution.
In 2001, President Hugo Chávez transformed Aló Presidente from a radio program to an improvised, live television program. The show was broadcast every Sunday, featuring Chávez (dressed in red, the color of the revolution) as the charismatic leader, passionate about the welfare of his country. Many Venezuelans tuned in to the show, because Chávez used to unveil new financial aid packages every weekend on his show.From 1999 to 2009, President Chávez spent an average of 40 hours a week in television.
Closing of RCTV
In 2005, the new Social Responsibility Law modified the penal code to simplify the mechanisms for lawsuits for defamation in the media, which resulted in a decrease in interview programs with politicians and an increase in press self-censorship (Ley de Social Responsibility Act of 2005). In May 2007, RCTV's license for the transition of TV waves into radioelectric space, enabled for twenty years, was not renewed; RCTV continued to broadcast via satellite and cable as RCTV Internacional. After the cessation of broadcasts, RCTV was replaced by the public channel Televisora Venezolana Social. According to the government of Hugo Chávez, RCTV would have participated indirectly in the 2002 coup d'état.
In 2012, the Chávez government was accused by Human Rights Watch of "abusing its control over broadcasting frequencies to punish radio and television stations that have programming that is clearly critical of the government." HRW legislation, the government has promoted self-censorship through the media. Through the use of propaganda, Chávez continually verbalized his successes on television, which subsequently resulted in a large popular base of support.
2007-2020
In 2007, the Sun Channel, a tourist channel, was founded and, likewise, under the auspices of the Venezuelan newspaper in English, The Daily Journal, the News Channel, which closed prematurely in mid-2008. While on In October 2007, the Puma TV channel became a news and variety channel with national coverage, called Canal I. On February 9 of that same year, the CMT channel ceased its transmissions and its signal passed into the hands of Telesur, who had announced the purchase of this channel on December 13 of the previous year.
In 2011, the Chávez government launched channel 123TV, a children's channel as a ViVe block, which became an independent channel 8 years ago. In 2013, the state channels Conciencia TV, a science channel, TV Fanb, a military channel, and SIBCI HD were launched. The same year RCTV Internacional joined TV Venezuela and the following year in streaming VIVOplay.
In 2016, Corazón Llanero was launched on TDA, a music channel. In 2012 Globovisión paid a $2.1 million fine imposed by the country's media regulator, Conatel, for allegedly violating the law against the "promotion of hate and intolerance for political reasons" in its coverage of a riot in a prison. By 2013, the UHF radio spectrum will be covered by Open Digital Television (TDA), forcing the migration of analog TV channels to digital.
On September 30, 2014, it was reported that La Tele would continue with its broadcasts until the end of 2014, and by January 1, 2015, the open signal that was still available in certain cities began to be eliminated, during that same This month, the channel's headquarters building, in Boleíta Sur, passed into the hands of the public channel TVes, to house its new headquarters there, since until then it was transmitted from the Venezolana de Televisión studios. The signal now gives a channel called Vepaco TV and in 2022 it was relaunched in Las Historias de José as part of its 20 years.
During the presidency of Nicolás Maduro, the Organization of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights of the Organization of American States stated that President Maduro "has continued to use mandatory national radio and television broadcasts to disseminate government messages"; In his statement, he criticized President Maduro, commenting that "not all the information justifies the interruption of regular programming by the President of the Republic." Rather, it should be information that could be of interest to the masses, informing them of facts that could be of public interest and that could be necessary for real citizen participation in public life. The OAS, in a report by the NGO Monitoreo Ciudadano, explains that "from June 3, 2013 to September 19, 2013, Maduro appeared on the state channel VTV for up to 182 hours in 114 broadcasts., an average of 1 hour and 40 minutes each day. During a radio interview, Nicolás Maduro blamed Televen for the violence that occurred in the country after the elections and accused Globovisión of being "fascist." Conatel also shut down three media outlets after delaying a report on Hugo Chávez's health. Conatel also announced that "the sanctions" for Globovisión were due to a broadcast by President Maduro "of mandatory radio and television, which remained without audio for more than 6 minutes".
Since mid-2015, TVR began an alliance with the regional channel TeleAragua, from which it broadcast all its programming until February 2016, maintaining joint sports broadcasts with Meridiano TV but without resuming the programming of other regional television stations. Short time then the birth of Tele T (TeleTuya) was announced and a transitory stage began that transformed it into this television network. On May 23, 2016, the on-screen logo of "TVR" officially changes to that of "TLT". This new signal is launched in High Definition (HD) format during a test period, however the signal in cable and satellite operators continues to be in Standard Definition (SDTV).
2020-present
On May 19, 2020, DirecTV's operations in Venezuela were completely shut down due to the sanctions against the private network Globovisión and the state broadcaster PDVSA TV by the administration of United States President Donald Trump. The closure was due to the obligation that pay television providers have by law to distribute all national channels, including the sanctioned Globovisión and PDVSA TV. The sanctions imposed prohibit US companies from maintaining commercial relations with companies related to the government of Nicolás Maduro, an action that limits the transmission of Globovisión and PDVSA TV, channels which are required under the DirecTV license to provide the pay television service. In Venezuela.
On August 14, 2020, after negotiations between the Venezuelan government and DirecTV, DirecTV's service was restored nationwide and it was announced that the Chilean company Scale Capital S.A. would buy the subsidiary of the satellite operator in Venezuela, which would later be renamed Simple TV. Likewise, an agreement was reached that the first 90 days after the purchase of DirecTV, the service would be completely free. On November 13, it was announced to the public that the free service period would be extended until December 15, 2020.
On September 3, 2020, some channels owned by the Venezuelan Government that had not been sanctioned by the United States Government were added to the programming schedule, such as TVes, ViVe TV, TV FANB, and the signals of international channels that had not been previously included such as IVC, Telemundo Internacional or Ve Plus.
In November 2021, CONATEL publicly announced its service called FTA Venezuela, which consisted of a decoder kit (and satellite television components) that would use the signal offered by SiBCI on the satellite Intelsat 35e. The service consists of open satellite television that has been available since the end of April 2022 with more than 50 national and international television channels, and 10 satellite radio channels.
On June 20, 2022, the musical television channel Corazón Llanero ceases its broadcasts, being replaced by a new channel called ShowVen TV which is similar to other musical television networks such as MTV and HTV.The television service Telefónica Venezolana C.A. it would be available in the country until the end of 2022, after the public announcement that Movistar TV would cease operations, because the satellite used for its transmission would cease to be available for said service in December 2022. At the beginning of 2023, all state channels such as VTV, Vive TV, teleSUR, Ávila TV, TVes, TV FANB, Conciencia TV, ANTV and ShowVen, launched their signal live on the Dailymotion platform.
Open television channels
Private television
The following is the list of private channels that can be seen throughout the country by traditional open signal.
| TV Station | Home | Headquarters | Thematic | Property type | Website | Signal online | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Venevision | 1961 | .svg){kind=small} Caracas | Varieties | Private | venevision.com | venevision.com | Organization of Cisneros |
 Televen | 1988 | Caracas | Varieties | Private | televen.com | televen.com | Omar Camero Zamora |
 Globovision | 1994 | Caracas | Information | Private | balloonvision.com | YouTube /Telegram | Raúl Gorrín |
 Meridiano TV | 1997 | Caracas | Sports | Private | meridiano.com.ve | YouTube | Arms Block |
 Channel I | 2007 | Caracas | Entertainment | Private | channel-i.com | channel-i.com /Lorini | Wilmer Ruperti |
State television
The following is a list of channels owned by the Venezuelan state.
| TV Station | Home | Headquarters | Thematic | Property type | Website | Signal online | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 VTV | 1964 | Caracas | Information | Public | vtv.gob.ve Archived on August 9, 2021 at Wayback Machine. | vtv.gob.ve Dailymotion | Venezuelan State |
 ViVe | 2003 | Caracas | Cultural and educational | Public | live.gob.ve | Dailymotion | Venezuelan State |
 TeleSUR | 2005 | Caracas | Information | Public | telesurtv.net | telesurtv.net YouTube Dailymotion | States of: Venezuela  Venezuela Cuba  Cuba Nicaragua  Nicaragua
|
 TVs | 2007 | Caracas | Varieties | Public | tves.gob.ve | tves.gob.ve Dailymotion Telegram | Venezuelan State |
 Colombeia | 2007 | Caracas | Education | Public | colombeia.edu.ve | Dailymotion | Venezuelan State |
Other national channels with open signals
Channels that can be seen only in some parts of the country by open signal. Some broadcast on open digital television and on national subscription television.
| TV Station | Home | Headquarters | Thematic | Property type | Website | Signal online | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Okay TV | 1998 | Caracas | Cultural | Private | valetv.info | Lorini | Educational values Radio and Television S.A. |
| TV Family | 2000 | Caracas | Religious | Private | tvfamilia.com | tvfamilia.com | TVFAMILIA |
 Avila TV | 2006 | Caracas | Varieties | Public | Lorini | Venezuelan State | |
 123TV | 2012 | Caracas | Children | Public | YouTube | Venezuelan State | |
 Concience TV | 2013 | Caracas | Scientific | Public | conscience.tv | conscience.TV Lorini Dailymotion | Venezuelan State |
 TV FANB | 2013 | Caracas | Military | Public | Lorini Dailymotion | Venezuelan State | |
 Vepaco TV
| 2015 | Caracas
| Varieties | Private | vepacotv.com.ve | vepacotv.com.ve | Media Trust Group |
 ANTV
| 2016 | Caracas
| Legislative | Public | canalantv.com.ve | Dailymotion | Venezuelan State |
 La Tele Tuya (TLT)
| 2016 | Caracas
| Varieties | Public | lateletuya.com | lateletuya.com | T falseH Productions |
 Show
| 2022 | Caracas
| Music | Public | Lorini |  State of Venezuela
|
Payment channels
Pay or subscription television has managed to position itself in the Venezuelan television market, reaching 62.79% of households for the first quarter of 2015, ranking fourth in Latin America in terms of subscription television subscribers and positioning itself as the country with the highest subscriber growth in recent years. It should be noted that pay TV in Venezuela surpassed the open signal in the market. In Venezuela there are four large companies that dominate pay TV nationwide:
- SimpleTV (satellite) (formerly DirecTV Venezuela)
- Inter (cable and satellite)
- CANTV Satelital (satellite)
- NetUno (cable)
- Supercable (cable)
These are some of the locally produced Pay TV channels.
| Logo | Canal | Thematic | Owner | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | IVC | Varieties | Ole Communications | IVC |
 | Sun Channel | Tourism | Sun Channel | Sun Channel |
 | Ve Plus | Varieties | Organization of Cisneros | Ve Plus |
| ByM Sports | Sports | Inter | ByM Sport |
Internet TV
Internet TV channels
In Venezuela, innovations have been made in telecommunications, with respect to the arrival of streaming platforms and their popularity (or also to have an open form of transmission evading the RESORTE Law), various channels have been created internet television in the country; which are:
| TV Station | Home | Cese | Headquarters | Thematic | Property type | Website | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| La Iguana TV | 2012 | ♪ | Caracas
| Information and opinion | Public | laiguana.tv | Venezuelan Government
|
 VIVOplay
| 2013 | ♪ | Caracas
| Varieties and Opinion | Private | vivoplay.net | Vivoplay Holding Inc. |
| VPItv | 2015 | ♪ | Caracas
| Information | Private | vpitv.com | Fabiola Colmenares |
| Capitol TV | 2016 | 2021 | Caracas | Legislative | Public | Capitol TV (YouTube) | National Assembly of Venezuela (IV Legislature) |
| Miraflores TV | 2017 | ♪ | Caracas
| Varieties | Public | miraflorestv.com.ve | Venezuelan Government
|
| Panavision TV | 2018 | ♪ | Margarita | Music and entertainment | Private | panavision.tv | Lorini Group |
| ZUT TV | 2020 | ♪ | Caracas
| Musical | Private | zut.tv | Companies 1BC |
| PDVSA Multimediates | 2020 | ♪ | Caracas
| Petroleum | Public | PDVSA Multimedia (YouTube) | Venezuelan State
|
| Canal Cultura Venezuela | 2021 | ♪ | Caracas | Cultural | Public | culturevenezuela.com | Ministry of Popular Power for Culture |
| MovieFE | 2021 | ♪ | Caracas | Movies | Private | Lorini | Lorini Group |
| BTA TV | 2022 | ♪ | Caracas | Varieties | Private | btatv.tv | Media Trust Group |
Internet television services in Venezuela
With the help of technological and communication advances, new ways arise in which people can view audiovisual content, whether through a computer, tablet, smartphone, etc. In Venezuela, new providers are emerging that offer Internet television services, adapting to new technologies, several of these are:
| Service | Type | Home | Cese | Website | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VIVOplay
| Payment | 2013 | ♪ | vivoplay.net | Vivoplay Holding Inc. |
| Miraflores TV | Free | 2017 | ♪ | miraflorestv.com.ve | Venezuelan Government
|
 RCTV
| Free (With ads) | 2020 | 2021 | play.rctv.com | Companies 1BC |
| TVee | Payment | 2021 | ♪ | tvee.com.ve | Vnet |
| NetUno Go | Payment | 2022 | ♪ | netuno.net/internet/netuno-go/ | NetUno |
| VTV IP
| Free | 2022 | ♪ | channel8.com.ve | Venezuelan Government
|
 The Stories of Joseph
| Free | 2022 | ♪ | The Stories of Joseph | ♪ |
Regional channels
TVR Alliance
Regional television
Since 2006, regional channels have sought to form strategic alliances to share programming and information. In one of these alliances, Televisión Regional (TVR) was created, a channel made up of the alliance of several regional television stations, which produced the programming for this channel until its closure in 2016. The channels that formed this alliance were:
| TV Station | Home | Headquarters | Website | Signal online | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 TAM | 1982 |  State Mérida | tamtv.com.ve | TAM | Radiodifusora Andina de Mérida S.A. |
 TRT | 1989 |  State Táchira | Televisionadeltachira.com | Lorini | Táchira Regional Televisor S.A. |
 TVO | 1992 | .svg){kind=small} Anzoátegui State | tvotv.tv | tvotv.tv | Media Trust Group |
 TVS | 1994 |  Aragua State | Lorini | Sindoni Group | |
 Promar TV | 1995 |  Lara State | promar.tv | Lorini | Mariano productions, C.A. |
 Global TV | 1999 |  State Zulia | - | No. | Global Television C.A. |
Other networks
There were also two other regional television networks, which are:
- National Television Group, made up of:
| TV Station | Home | Headquarters | Thematic | Website | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ecovision | 1992 |  Carabobo State | Ecological | Ecovision | Corporate Group Carrillo |
| TRP | 2004 |  Portuguese State | Varieties | trp31.tv | Cláudio Diboaventura |
 Watch TV | 2005 |  State Miranda | Varieties | ♪ | ♪ |
| Canal 21 de Táchira | ♪ | State Táchira | Varieties | ♪ | ♪ |
| Apure TV | ? |  State Apure | Varieties | ♪ | ♪ |
| Telellano | ♪ |  State Barinas | Varieties | ♪ | ♪ |
| TrujilloTV | ♪ |  State Trujillo | Varieties | ♪ | ♪ |
| NTV Television | ♪ | ♪ | ♪ | ♪ | ♪ |
| Regional News Channel | 2019 | Carabobo State | Information | ♪ | ♪ |
- Venezuelan National Television Circuit (CVTN), made up of:
| TV Station | Home | Headquarters | Website | Signal online | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Telecentro | 1990 | Lara State | ♪ | No. | Central Communications Group |
 Universal Television
| 2002 | Portuguese State
| No. | Universal Television Company Anonymous | |
 We're TV.
| 2005 | Lara State
| corporacionsomos.com | No. | Corporación SOMOS Media, C.A. |
| ContacTV | ♪ | State Apure | ♪ | No. | ♪ |
| Sun Television | 2004 |  Falcon State | ♪ | No. | Sun TV Falcon C.A. |
| Olympic Television | ♪ |  State Sucre | ♪ | No. | ♪ |
| Telesol | ♪ | State Sucre | Telesol | Telesol | ♪ |
| Telecolor | 2013 | State Zulia | ♪ | No. | ♪ |
| Nautavision | ♪ |  State Bolívar | ♪ | No. | ♪ |
| V + TV | ♪ | Lara State | ♪ | No. | ♪ |
| Adventure TV | 2013 | State Zulia | ♪ | No. | ♪ |
| Amavision | 1983 |  State Amazonas | ♪ | No. | ♪ |
Independent regional channels
Other independent regional television stations (not associated with multi-television networks) were emerging in the country, such as:
| TV Station | Home | Headquarters | Thematic | Website | Signal online | Owner | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catatumbo TV | ? | State Zulia
| Varieties | Catatumbo TV | Catatumbo TV | Media Trust Group | |
| Telebocon | 1979 | State Trujillo
| Varieties | telebocono.com | No. | Fundación Televisora Cultural Boconesa | |
_logo.svg){kind=logo} Canal Once
| 1987 | State Zulia
| Varieties | No. | Corporación Nacional Niños Cantores, Arquidócesis de Maracaibo | ||
| Televiza | 1994 | State Zulia
| Varieties | No. | Corporación Regional Broadcasting | ||
 PortuTV | 1998 | Portuguese State | VarietyS. | No. | Julio Bustamante, Henry Ramos | ||
| TV SUR | 2006 | Portuguese State | Varieties | No. | ♪ | ||
| Anzoátegui TV | 2006 | Anzoátegui State
| Varieties | anzoategui.tv | anzoategui.tv | Anzoátegui TV Corp | |
| TV Andes | 2011 | State Trujillo | Varieties | tvandes.com | Lorini | ||
| Latina TV | 2012 | Lara State | VarietiesSystems.com | Latin America | Grupo Latina Medios | No. | ♪ |
| Our Vision | 2012 | Template:Geodatos Zulia (state) Zulia State | Religious Catholic. | ? | ♪ | ||
| A1 Television | 2013 | Falcon State
| Varieties | a1television.net | No. | Media Corporation A1 | |
| La Guaira TV | 2019 |  State La Guaira | Varieties | ♪ | ♪ | Bolivarian Government of the State La Guaira
| |
| MDA TV | 2020 | State Miranda
| Varieties | MDA Television | Lorini | Operated by Lorini Group | |
| Cinema Paraíso | 2020 | State Trujillo
| Cinema | No. | ♪ | ||
| Sucre TV | 2020 | State Sucre
| Varieties | ♪ | No. | Bolivarian governorate of the Sucre State
|
Regional community channels
Community television stations are non-profit television stations, that is, without economic purpose, generally the programming of these television stations is carried out by the people of said locality where it is located.
| TV Station | Home | Headquarters | Website | Signal online | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mountain TV | ? | State Táchira
| montanatvcordero.blogspot.com | No. | Venezuelan Government Venezuelan Government
|
| Tatuy TV | ? | State Mérida
| tatuytv.org | No. | Venezuelan Government Venezuelan Government
|
 TVCB
| 1993 | State Mérida
| No. | No. | Fundación Organización de Medios Comunitarios de Bailadores |
 Catia TVe
| 2001 | Caracas
| YouTube | No. | Residents of the Catia district of Caracas |
| TV Petare | 2002 | Petare
| No. | No. | Fundación Comunitaria Televisora de Petare |
| Selva TV | 2002 | State Amazonas
| No. | No. | Venezuelan Government Venezuelan Government
|
| Bolívar TV | 2004 |  Yaracuy State
| No. | No. | ♪ |
| Valdez TV | 2005 | State Sucre
| No. | No. | ♪ |
 Alba TV
| 2007 | Caracas
| albatv.org | No. | Venezuelan Government Venezuelan Government
|
| Canal Z | 2008 |  Maracaibo
| tvcanalz.wixsite.com | No. | Venezuelan Government Venezuelan Government
|
Digital terrestrial television
In 2007, tests were carried out with the European standard, but two years later the Venezuelan government entered into talks with its Japanese and Brazilian counterparts, since the former offered to train the necessary personnel for the operation of signals with ISDB-Tb standard and for DTT technology transfer.
In 2013, the UHF radio spectrum would be covered by DTT, having a huge impact on society and forcing the migration of analogue to digital terrestrial television channels. In this way, all national channels will be transmitted digitally. Several national and foreign channels joined this project, such as Venezolana de Televisión, ANTV, ViVe, Televen, Telesur, Venevisión, Colombeia, Meridiano Televisión, 123TV, Globovisión and Canal I; in addition to HispanTV, Televisión Pública Argentina, RT in Spanish and CGTN-Español respectively. Below is the list of channels that broadcast by open signal through DTT in Venezuela.
| Channel and frequency | Subchannel | Name | Thematic | Appearance ratio and resolution | Audio format |
| 22 (521 MHz) | 1 | VTV | Information | SDTV 704x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo |
| 2 |  Telesur | Information | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 3 |  HispanTV | Varieties | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 4 |  RT in Spanish | News | SDTV 544x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 5 | .svg){kind=small} Public television | Varieties | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 10 | VTV Mobile | Information | One-Seg 320x240p15 | HE-AACv2, 20kbps, stereo | |
| 23 (527 MHz) | 1 |  TVs | Varieties | SDTV 704x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo |
| 2 | TLT | Varieties | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 48kbps, monkey | |
| 3 | Meridiano Television | Sports | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 4 |  Venevision | Varieties | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 5 | Televen | Varieties | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 6 | Channel I
| Varieties | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 10 | Mobile TV | Varieties | One-Seg 320x240p15 | HE-AACv2, 20kbps, stereo | |
| 24 (533 MHz) | 1 | Show | Musical | SDTV 480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo |
| 2 |  CGTN-Spanish | Varieties | SDTV 544x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 3 | 123TV | Children | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 4 | Concience TV
| Scientific | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 5 |  Avila TV | Varieties | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 10 | Avila Mobile TV | Varieties | One-Seg 320x240p15 | HE-AACv2, 20kbps, stereo | |
| 25 (539 MHz) | 1 |  ViVe | Varieties | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo |
| 2 | Alba TV | Community | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 3 | Colombeia | Education | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 4 | ANTV | Legislative | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 5 | TV FANB | Military | SDTV 528x480i60 | HE-AACv2, 32kbps, stereo | |
| 6 |  Globovision | Information | SDTV 480i60 | ||
| 10 | Telesur Mobile | Information | One-Seg 320x240p15 | HE-AACv2, 20kbps, stereo |
FTA Venezuela
Since May 2021, information spread over the internet that CONATEL would launch an open satellite television service (also called Free To Air or FTA) with the image of the satellite television decoder box and a list of channels that would offer the service. In November 2021, the service offered by CONATEL, called FTA Venezuela, was made public, which consisted of a decoder (and satellite television components) that would use the signal offered by the SiBCI on the Intelsat 35e satellite. The signal initially consisted of 27 television channels and 11 radio channels, later since the end of April 2022 it consists of more than 50 national and international television channels, and 10 satellite radio channels.
| Number | Television channel | Thematic | Image format | Origin |
| 01 |  Oromar TV | Varieties | HDTV | Ecuador Ecuador
|
| 03 | HispanTV | Information | HDTV | Iran Iran
|
| 04 | CGTN English | Varieties | HDTV | China China
|
| 05 | VTV | Information | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 06 | ViVe | Education | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 07 | TVs | Varieties | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 08 | Telesur | Information | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 09 | ANTV | Legislative | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 10 | Colombeia | Education | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 11 | 123TV | Children | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 12 | Alba TV | Community | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 13 | Concience TV | Scientific | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 14 | TV FANB | Military | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 15 | Show | Musical | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 16 | Avila TV | Varieties | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 17 | Globovision | Information | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 18 | Venevision | Varieties | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 19 | Meridiano Television | Sports | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 20 | Televen | Varieties | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 21 | TLT | Varieties | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 23 | TVP | Varieties | HDTV |  Argentina
|
| 25 |  Galicia TV Americas | Varieties | HDTV | Spain Spain
|
| 26 |  Vepaco TV | Varieties | SDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 27 | TLT
| Varieties | HDTV | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 28 | VTV Mobile
| Information | 1st | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 29 | Mobile TV
| Varieties | 1st | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 30 | Telesur Mobile
| Information | 1st | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 31 | Avila Mobile TV
| Varieties | 1st | Venezuela Venezuela
|
| 42 | Unitel La Paz | Varieties | HDTV | Bolivia Bolivia
|
| 43 | Bolivia TV 7.1 | Varieties | SDTV | BoliviaBolivia
|
| 44 |  TV Cultures | Cultural | SDTV | BoliviaBolivia
|
| 47 | Key channel | Musical | SDTV | CubaCuba
|
| 48 | SEO TV Novelas | Entertainment | HDTV | BoliviaBolivia
|
| Zoom | University | SDTV | Colombia Colombia
| |
| Canal Habana | Varieties | SDTV | CubaCuba
| |
| Cubavisión Internacional | Varieties | SDTV | CubaCuba
| |
| Cubavisión Internacional | Varieties | SDTV | CubaCuba
| |
| Zuraca TV | Varieties | SDTV | BoliviaBolivia
| |
.svg){kind=logo} TV Peru | Varieties | SDTV | Peru Peru
| |
 EWTN | Catholic religion | SDTV |  United States
| |
| Vision 9 | Varieties | SDTV | Dominican Republic Dominican Republic
| |
 Ecuavisa | Varieties | SDTV | EcuadorEcuador
| |
 Equavisa International | Varieties | SDTV | EcuadorEcuador
| |
 Tele Antillas | Varieties | SDTV | Dominican RepublicDominican Republic
| |
 Canal 22 | Varieties | SDTV | Mexico Mexico
| |
| International Canal | Education | SDTV | Mexico Mexico
| |
| Learn Tv | Cultural | SDTV | Mexico Mexico
| |
| Telesystem | Varieties | SDTV | Dominican RepublicDominican Republic
| |
| RTV | Education | SDTV | Honduras Honduras
| |
 Ecuador TV | Varieties | SDTV | EcuadorEcuador
| |
| I loved 47 | Varieties | SDTV | Dominican RepublicDominican Republic
|
| Number | Radio channel | Thematic |
| 32 | Radio Miraflores | - |
| 33 | ShowVen Radio | Musical |
| 34 | RNV Musical | Musical |
| 35 | Tiuna FM | Military |
| 36 | RNV Musical | Musical |
| 37 | RNV Informative | Information |
| 38 | Vepaco FM | - |
| 39 | RNV Musical | Musical |
| 40 | Caribbean Salsa 102.3 FM | Musical |
| 41 | South Radio | - |
| RNV Musical | Musical |
Channels missing
Since the arrival of television in Venezuela, there have been many channels that were present on Venezuelan television, however, for certain reasons, many of them went off the air and/or were closed or sold. Several of these channels and also includes streaming platforms that also became inactive and left live. What they were were:
| TV stations | Home | Cese | Thematic | Coverage | Property type | Owner | Reason for departure and/or closure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Television | 1952 | 1991 | Varieties | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Public | Venezuelan State | Economic problems causing an alliance between the Venezuelan State and the Caracas Archbishop for the creation of the Vale TV channel. |
 RCTV | 1953 | 2007 | Varieties | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Private | Companies 1BC | *Order of then President Hugo Chávez of the non-renewal of the concession of the channel for his posture in the coup d'état in Venezuela of 2002.
|
 Televisa | 1953 | 1960 | Varieties | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Public | Venezuelan State | Economic problems causing it to be acquired by Diego Cisneros for bid for the creation of the Venevisión channel. |
| Omnivision | 1988 | 1998 | Varieties | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Private | Multichannel omnivision | Economic problems causing it to be replaced by Mars Television. |
 CMT | 1993 | 2007 | Varieties and Information | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Private | Umberto Petricca Zugaro | Cese de transmissions y venta del canal al estado Venezuela para la retransmisión de Telesur. |
 Puma TV | 1995 | 2007 | Musical | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Private | José Luis Rodríguez | Sale of the channel to the businessman Wilmer Ruperti for the creation of Canal I. |
| WTO | 1998 | 2011 | Varieties | Regional ( State Mérida) | Private | Luis Alberto Cabezas | Sold to the Planeta Business Group due to the lack of budget and to the very low audience points, creating the trujillano TV Andes channel. |
 Mars Television | 1998 | 2002 | Varieties | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Private | Marte CVT Television Productions, S.A. | Economic problems causing share sales to Grupo Imagen Vepaco, restructuring the channel to a new one called La Tele. |
 DAT TV | 1999 | 2019 | Varieties | Regional ( Carabobo State) | Private | Osman Delgado | Economic problems causing bankruptcy to the channel ending in its final closure and is replaced by the Regional News Channel. |
 ULA TV | 1999 | 2017 | Varieties and Education | Regional ( State Mérida) | Private | University of Los Andes | Closed by CONATEL's orders due apparently to violations of the RESORTE Law. |
| La Tele | 2002 | 2015 | Varieties | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Private | Grupo Imagen Vepaco | ♪ Multiple problems of the owners causing it to be restructured by shareholders.
|
 ATEL | 2003 | 2013 | Varieties | Regional ( State Zulia) | Private | Organization of Cromos | It was allegedly closed by CONATEL's orders for its political stance against the Venezuelan government and allegedly for millions of debts that led the channel to its closure. Replaced by Adventure TV and Telecolor. |
 National Assembly Television | 2005 | 2015 | Legislative | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Public | SiBCI, MinCI | *Translation of the ownership of the canal and its AN Radio radio to its employees as a result of the statements of deputy Henry Ramos Allup to completely restructure the media of the National Assembly.
|
 TVR | 2006 | 2016 | Varieties | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Public | Guido Briceño | Alliances and changes by TeleAragua and T wirelessH Productions, causing the channel's transition to a new one called La Tele Tuya. |
| My TV | 2007 | 2016 | Sports | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Private | Tenfield | Termination of transitions, arguing unspecified major force reasons. |
 RCTV International | 2007 | 2012 | Varieties | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Private | Companies 1BC | *CONATEL ordered a measure that required the country's cable operators to remove RCTV International from their channels, unless the channel was registered as a national producer, which did not happen.
|
 Venevisión Plus | 2007 | 2019 | Varieties | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Private | Organization of Cisneros | Replaced by its international sister channel Ve Plus with an exclusive sign for Venezuela. |
| Meridiano Max | 2008 | 2009 | Sports | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Private | Bloque Dearmas | Dismissions cease in its only signal exclusively for DirecTV. |
 Orbita TV | 2008 | 2017 | Varieties | Regional ( Anzoátegui State) | Private | Fernando Zaurín | Economic problems and pressures allegedly exerted by official parliamentarians of the Legislative Council of the Anzoátegui State. |
| SiBCI HD | 2013 | 2016 | Varieties | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Public | Venezuelan State | Channel replacement in the TDA for the creation of a new channel called the Plain Heart. |
 PDVSA TV | 2014 | 2020 | Petroleum | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Public | Venezuelan State | *Replacement of the channel on the TDA by the signal of Globovision.
|
| Zum TV | 2014 | 2015 | Varieties | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Public | Venezuelan State | Channel replacement on the TDA by the CCTV-Spanish signal (currently CGTN Spanish). |
| Llanero Heart | 2016 | 2022 | Musical | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Public | Venezuelan State | Channel replacement on the TDA by a new channel called ShowVen. |
| Capitol TV | 2016 | 2021 | Legislative | Through YouTube. | Public | National Assembly IV Legislature | He stopped broadcasting live by opposition sessions. |
| RCTV Play | 2020 | 2021 | Varieties | [2] | Private | Companies 1BC | The company said that RCTV will partner with several digital platforms and after the ad the app is inactive. |
TV services disappeared
With the arrival of subscription television in Venezuela, several local, national and international telecommunications companies have offered their services to provide subscription television to Venezuelans, however, for different reasons some of these cease their operations or are sold, being the case of:
| Television Company by subscription | Home | Cese | Coverage | Owner | Reason for departure and/or closure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 DirecTV (Venezuela) | 1996 | 2020 | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Galaxy Entertainment of Venezuela C.A. | Closure of operations for US sanctions. UU, being sold and re-established as SimpleTV |
 Movistar TV (Venezuela) | ? | 2022 | National (Venezuela Venezuela) | Telefónica Venezolana C.A. | Discontinued due to the cessation of service in Venezuela by Telefónica and replaced by an exclusive Inter signal for the former subscribers of Movistar TV. |
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