Tarma Province

Cerro Lomo de Elefante in Tarma

The province of Tarma is one of the nine that make up the department of Junín in Peru. It borders on the north with the province of Junín; to the east, with the province of Chanchamayo; to the south, with the province of Jauja, and to the west, with the province of Yauli.

Within the ecclesiastical division of the Catholic Church of Peru, it belongs to the diocese of Tarma.

Toponymy

The word Tarma gradually became Spanish: Tarumas, Taramas and Tarama until the current Tarma. It is derived from taruma or tarumayo, in Quechua it means 'plant', and mayu or mayo means 'river'. Tarumayos were called the first settlers of the current Tarma.

Hypocoristic

Tarmeños are nicknamed hummingbirds, due to the abundance of flowers in that place.

Symbols

Anthem

Tarma's anthem was created in 1951 by Consuelo de Galiano.

History

Foundation

The main settlement at the time of the Incas was Tarmatambo. With the implementation of the Indian reductions under Viceroy Francisco de Toledo (1569-1572), the capital was moved to the bottom of the valley, receiving the name of Santa Ana de Pampas. Starting in the second half of the 18th century, the town or head of the Indians, as this type of settlement was called in the colony, was elevated to the category of town, making its name official to Tarma, because its use had been imposed during the cologne. Because it was a town of Indians, it did not obtain a foundation document as it existed for Spanish cities, such as Lima, Trujillo or León de Huánuco. The assertion of Federico Phillips, in his 1911 writing, that Tarma was founded on July 29, 1532 is not only false, but lacks any historical documentary evidence, as demonstrated by Arellano in his 1988 historical study. The author bases their assertions based on historical documents reviewed in the General Archive of the Indies (Seville, Spain) and the General Archive of the Nation, among others.

Pre-Hispanic period

The results of the archaeological excavations and ethnohistorical studies of the area show that it was inhabited to the north and west of the Tarma River by the Chinchaycocha ethnic group. To the south of the river were the xauxa/wanka, while to the east vestiges of a small ethnic group were found, whose name has not been recorded by historical documents, but which archaeologists have called Pallcamayo. When Pachacutec conquered the region, he artificially created the province of Tarma, dismembering the territory of the Chinchaycocha and the Xauxa/Wanka, and annexing the Pallcamayo there. The reason for his action was to be able to better control the large political and ethnic units that made up the Chinchaycocha and the Wanka / Xauxa. And indeed, the curaca of Tarma had a lot of political influence in the area under the reign of Pachacutec. This control policy was later adopted by the Spaniards, which is why Tarma remained as the control center and capital of the subsequent corregimiento and later the intendancy. The capital of the Inca province was Tarmatambo, whose layout and engineering is completely Inca and emulates the engineering and architectural skill that can be seen in Machu Picchu, since both were ordered to be built by the same Inca, Pachacutec.

Colonial period

During the Corregimiento de Tarma, it was the largest contributor to the Spanish crown, and as the Mayor of Tarma, its extension covered various territories, the first mayor of Tarma, Juan María Gálvez y Montes de Oca (1784), requested the king of Spain, the provisional jurisdiction of the Peruvian jungle territories to watch over the interests of the crown of Spain.

• First quartermaster: Juan María de Gálvez y Montes de Oca
• Mayor of first vote: Lorenzo Antonio de Cárdenas y Hurtado de Mendoza
• Ordinary mayor: Joseph de la Peña
• Regidores: the Lords Tiburcio Gaona, Francisco A. Gonzales, Vicente Moyano and Joseph Sotelo

In 1815 the first cadastre was carried out in Tarma, concluding that the town had 755 houses and approximately 3500 inhabitants. In those years, Tarma was the head of one of the eight municipalities into which the viceroyalty was divided. It was so important that it included the districts of Huánuco, Jauja, Cajatambo, Huamalies and Panataguas. The Municipality of Tarma became the largest economic contributor to the crown among all the others.

Republican era

Tarma in 1854

Tarma in 1913

Tarma in 1914

At the beginning of November 1820, during the war for independence led by General José de San Martín, the population of the city of Tarma supported General Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales who was chasing the royalist troops in their retreat towards the Andes. On November 25, General Álvarez de Arenales entered Tarma, being received with jubilation by the city and on November 28 at the Cabildo Abierto in the Plaza Mayor, the people of Tarma launched the first cry for independence, the most notable residents signing the act. of the city, publishing the following day, the proclamation that made this fact known. Álvarez de Arenales endorsed the appointment of Francisco de Paula Otero as political and military mayor governor, leaving the Tarma, Jauja and Huancayo militias under the order of the Tarma mayor. This cry for independence from Tarma was very important, because the royalists were not able to reconquer the city as was the case in other towns and because it served as a base of operations for the guerrillas from the Center, for these reasons Tarma was named a Favorite City. By decree of November 24, 1820, José de San Martín granted the people of Tarma the use of a silver shield on their left arm with the inscription "To the constant patriots of Tarma". Once the Republic was established, the Department of Tarma was created, including the districts of Tarma, Jauja, Huancayo and Pasco. Colonel Francisco de Paula Otero was appointed as president of the department of Tarma. After two years and nine months, Simón Bolívar by Decree Law of September 1825 gave this department the name of Junín, as a tribute to the battle won against the Spanish army in these areas that at that time belonged to the Tarma district.

During the period 1836-1839, Tarma belonged to the North-Peruvian State, and was the capital of the then Department of Junín. Subsequently, the wealth of Cerro de Pasco influenced it to establish itself as head of the department, to the point of including the province in its jurisdiction, which had such exceptional importance in the colony. In 1855 José Gálvez Egúsquiza, accompanied by his wife Ángela Moreno de Gálvez, presented the project so that Tarma would be restored to its category of province. On December 31 of the same year, Tarma became a province.

During the Pacific War, Tarma supported the Peruvian army and, later, the resistance led by Marshal Andrés Avelino Cáceres. Although Tarma was not the scene of major confrontations, it did have significant importance when Cáceres established the headquarters of the Central Army Headquarters there. Near Tarma, the Tarmatambo combat occurred in 1882.

Combate de Tarmatambo was one of the contests in 1882 in the war of the Pacific with Chile.

During the Republic, Tarma lost its main role against the city of Huancayo. It was the birthplace of General Manuel Odría, president of Peru between 1948 and 1956, who during his presidential term carried out important infrastructure constructions in the city, all of them in operation until today.

Geography

By Carpata, the jar of rainforest

Geographic location

Northwest: Junín	North: Junín / Chanchamayo	Northeast: Chanchamayo
West: Yauli / Junín		This: Chanchamayo / Jaw
Southwest: Yauli / Jaw	South: Jaw	Sureste: Chanchamayo / Jaw

Its area covers 2,749.16 km². It is located in a privileged tourist and economic position, halfway between the capital and the high jungle, and a point of convergence of various routes to the central jungle. A temperate and mild climate predominates during most of the months.

The province of Tarma is located between the highlands and the Andean-Amazonian jungle, extending from approximately 4000 m s. no. m. (cold land or Suni and Quechua) up to 1400 m s. no. m. (temperate land or Yunga). It houses the Pampa Hermosa National Sanctuary.

Districts

Administrative division

The province of Tarma is divided into nine districts and nineteen populated centers where mayoral elections are also held, through secret and universal suffrage, to what was done in the election of a mayor of a populated center by show of hands. Therefore, in 2023, for the first time, the populated centers will have their authorities who have been elected by secret vote.

Places

Capital

The city of Tarma is the capital of the province of Tarma. It is located in the department of Junín in Peru, it is also known as the Pearl of the Andes, named after Antonio Raimondi, due to its spring climate, the abundance of its flowers and the beauty of his landscapes.

Located at 3050 m s. no. m. on the banks of the Tarma River, about 50 km from La Oroya. Due to its altitude, Tarma has a privileged temperate climate, with sun almost all year round and an incomparable blue sky. Tarma is located in a strategic position, and is currently one of the provinces with the greatest tourist attractions, and is the link between the capital and the high jungle, and the point of convergence of various routes to the central jungle.

Authorities

Regionals

Municipals

Since 2007 with the inauguration of Luis Morales Nieva, Tarma has elected politicians who were running for a regional political movement such as Conredes, Sierra y Selva Contigo Junín, Junín Sostenible and the political movement Let's Walk Together for Junín, with Fathy Jiménez as new governor.

In the 2018 regional and municipal elections, the doctor Moisés Tacuri García had been elected for the 2019-2022 period. But, after his death, and a few months after assuming office as mayor, the one who succeeded him was the first alderman, José Mansilla, from the same political party: the Sierra y regional political movement. Jungle with you Junín.

In the 2022 regional and municipal elections in Peru, on October 2, Walter Jiménez, better known as Fathy Jiménez, was chosen for the period (2023-2026) with the regional political movement Let's Walk Together for Junín. The term of office for both the mayor and the nine councilors is four years.

Police

Education

Universities

On December 16, 2010, the Congress of the Republic approved the creation of the Altoandina National Autonomous University of Tarma. There are also the university headquarters of the UNDAC and the UNCP. Likewise, through an agreement signed between the Sedes Sapientiae Catholic University and the diocese of Tarma, the branch of said Catholic university in Tarma began its academic activities in March 2011. The first admission exam took place on February 20, 2011. in the bishopric of Tarma.

Institutes and Higher Schools

• National Industrial College No. 32
• Instituto Superior Tecnológico Público Adolfo Vienrich
• Instituto Superior Tecnológico Privado Saint Lucia
• Instituto Superior Pedagógico Gustavo Allende Llavería
• High School of Artistic Training San Pedro de Cajas

Training and professional training centers

• SENATI National Training Service

Schools

Culture

Archaeology

Tarmatambo Archaeological Complex, former administrative division of the first inhabitants of the current Tarma, Tarama or Taruma culture.

Telarmachay archaeological site in San Pedro de Cajas district

Cachipuquio

Peru practically has archaeological remains in most of its provinces, for this reason it is not strange to find important vestiges of pre-Inca cultures.

The province of Tarma has a significant number of archaeological attractions, among which the Vilcasmarca Ruins stand out, which covers an area of five thousand square meters divided into four two-story compartments similar to prison cells, surrounded by granaries of two meters in diameter adorned with windows on the semicircular facades.

• Ruins of Ancashmarca: Which name comes from two Quechua voices that mean 'livian people', its structure is made up of several floors and turreons located at the top of a hill and according to the investigations it would also have developed in this place the precermal man.

• Shoguemarca: It is a privileged area because in it you can appreciate an important number of archaeological centers within which stands a totally walled inca citadel which has pyramidal towers with hornacinas and small windows.

• Shaprash: It is a rocky hill covered with long white mosses permanently which give you the image of a mountain with cany and undulating beards.

• Cachipuquio: It has a peculiar stone structure similar to a water source, however, it emanates salt water that is used by the inhabitants of the area.

• Tarmatambo Ruins: In which there are many colls (deposits), working rooms, prisons, an irrigation channel and a real road of the Incas which leads from the city of Cusco to Cajamarca preserved in some sections.
• Telarmachay: It is an archaeological site located in the district of San Pedro de Cajas where cave paintings can be found.

Other sites of interest

Huagapo Grotto

• Gruta de Guagapo
• San Pedro de Cajas Fabrics
• National Sanctuary of Pampa Hermosah
• Cultural Heritage to the Pachahuara de Huanuquillo, Tarma

Festivities

Traditional festivals of Tarma:

• Carnival of Tarma

• Pachamama Raymi
• Chonguinada

• Dance of Huanuquillana

• Holy Week: feast of the Catholic faithful.

• Mr. Muruhuay
• Inti Raymi: Sunshine Party
• Folklore Festival
• Lord of the Miracles
• Tarma Gastronomic Fair

Miss Qurihuayta

Qurihuayta or Festival de la Flor: It is a cultural event for the exhibition of Tarma flowers and the election of Miss Qurihuayta de Tarma that has been held since 2021. In November 2022, Judith Porras Espinoza obtained the crown of Miss Qurihuayta.

Museum and Libraries

• Casa de Cultura de Tarma
• Adolfo Vienrich Municipal Library is located in front of the Tarma Arms Square.
• Municipal Museum of Tarma
• Centro Cultural Fortunato Cárdenas
• Centro Cultural y Biblioteca de la UNAAT
• UNCP Cultural Centre and Library

Tarma National Book Fair (Fernal)

The cultural event started in 2016 and is organized by ACPEAT cultural association of writers of Tarma. The cultural meeting resisted the pandemic held virtually, for the eighth edition of 2023 it will be in person with the participation of national and international authors, exhibitions, book signings, and interviews.

Literature

The tarmeño Adolfo Vienrich is one of the highest exponents of Quechua literature.

Tarmean literature had three main exponents of Tarma culture, both in Spanish and Quechua. Those authors who contributed to Peruvian literature were Adolfo Vienrich with his works Tarmap Pacha Huaray (Quechua lilies) ; Quechua Fables and Quechua Apologists. José Gálvez Barrenechea, José Antonio Bravo with his works: The Sunken Nights; Barrio de broncas and Karpat and Gustavo Allende Llavería with his work Valladares.

Currently, the author from Huasahuas, Rina Soldevilla, with her work CExtraordinary Tales, also points out something of La Tarma with her oral tales and fables. Along these lines are Palomino Vega, Teodoro Morales, Enrique Gutierrez, Daniel aAmeri, Hernán Herrera, Carmen Safra, Lita Velasco, Jean D'Carbal, the painter and storyteller Ernesto Chagua with Tradiciones Tarmeñas. Héctor Meza with Los mataperros and Guillermo Camahualí with Anonymous Heroines.

Gastronomy

Yacuchupe with Cancha

Pachamanca, segundo de pallares, stew, suck green or green soup, olluco soup, pumpkin soup, peanut soup; caygua salad, cottage cheese; tamales, humitas, alfajores, chifles, arequipe, better known as manjar blanco, etc.

Sports

Football

Tarmeño soccer always had clubs that represented the Junín departmental league at the regional level and in the national stage of the Peruvian soccer first division. Thanks to its clubs, the province of Tarma is among the first to own the titles of the June soccer championship. The most successful clubs are the Tarma Sports Association (ADT), which played ten seasons in the first division, and Club Sport Dos de Mayo, one of the oldest clubs in Tarma, with the ADT, they play the city's classic.

Tarma Provincial League

• Acobamba District League

Participants First district division 2016
The Yanama Eagles Collpa Alliance Youth Cruzeiro Cochayoc Unión Juventud Carhuacátac	Echa Muni San Antonio Sport Ruraymarca Progreso Muruhuay	Real Esperanza Yanama Deportivo Ingenio Deportivo Los Canarios

• Huaricolca District League
• Huasahuasi District League

• Distrital League of the Union
• Distrital League of Palca
• Distrital League of Palcamayo
• District League of San Pedro de Cajas
• Tapo District League
• Tarma District League

Participants First district division 2018
Colegio San Ramón San José de Cayash CNI 32	ADT San Cristobal University	Sport Two of May Sao Paulo Vicentino

Participating First Division teams from previous years:

Spring FC

Vicentina

Marlon Maza Academy

• Tarmatambo District League

Participants in the Junín Departmental League

List of clubs that have ever obtained the title at the departmental level such as ADT on ten occasions, Sport Dos de Mayo on two occasions, and Unión Carhuacátac, Universitario de Tarma and Muruhuay on one occasion. Currently these clubs are located in different leagues such as the first and third division.

Media

The media in Tarma are:

Transportation

The Yanango Bridge on the border between Tarma and Chanchamayo.

Route 22 is the one that connects Tarma and the other provinces of Junín throughout the mountains and central jungle.

Biodiversity

Among the species of animals that inhabit the province of Tarma are the amphibians Pristimantis cruciocularis, Pristimantis pardalinus, Phrynopus oblivius, among others.