Surat
Surrate or surat (in Guyaratí: સુરત, in Hindi: सुरतै) is a port city in the state of Guyarath, west of India. Surarat and its metropolitan area has an approximate population of 4,50,000 inhabitants according to estimates of 2005, thus being the second most populated in the state, after Ahmedabad. It is located on a estuary on the outside of the Khambhat Gulf.
The word surat literally means face in Gujarati and Hindi. Located on the banks of the Tapti River, near its confluence with the Arabic Sea, it was a large sea port. It is currently the shopping center in southern Gujarat and one of the largest urban areas of western India. It has a well -established textile and diamond industry, and is an important clothing and accessories supply center. About 90% of the world supply of diamonds is cut and polished in the city. It is the second largest city in Gujarat after Ahmedabad and the eighth largest city by population and the ninth largest urban agglomeration in India. It is the administrative capital of the Sureat district. The city is located 284 kilometers (176.5 mi) south of the state capital, Gandhinagar; 265 kilometers (164.7 mi) south of Ahmedabad; and 289 kilometers (179.6 mi) north of Bombay. The city center is located on the banks of the Tapti river, near the Arabic sea.
Surat will be the fastest growing city in the world between 2019 and 2035, according to a study by Economic Times. The city recorded an annualized growth rate of 11.5% GDP during the seven fiscal years between 2001 and 2008. Surat was awarded as " best city " by the Annual Survey of Cities of India (ASICS) in 2013. Surat has been selected as the first smart city of IT in India, which is being constituted by the Microsoft Citynext initiative, in collaboration with the large service companies of Ti tataCy Services for a scholarship Ibm Smarter Cities Challenge . Surerat has been selected as one of the twenty Indian cities that will be developed as a smart city under the PM Narendra Modi Modi Buque of Smart Cities Mission .
Surat appears as the second cleanest city in India as of August 21, 2020 according to Swachh Survekshan 2020 on August 20. It suffered an important fire in a pipeline that caused some damage.
Surat, famous for the carving and polishing of diamonds, is known as the city of the diamond of India The city has several engineering plants such as ESSAR, Larsen and Toubro and Ril. Surat won the 2019 Smart Cities Netexplo Award with UNESCO in the resilience category. The mayor of Surat will receive the award at the Unesco House in Paris (France) in March next year.
HISTORY
The presence of settlements in Surat dates back to 3,000 a. C. Indian mythology indicates that Krishna stopped with his cows on his journey from Mathurā to Dwarka and leaving in a place called & # 34; Gai Pagli & # 34; Rastro of the passage of cows, images that are venerated by the devotees; gai pagli means Footprints of cows However, Surat would not develop until the last years of the fifteenth century. In those years, Rander was an important shopping center where Arab had settled since the xi </s musk and porcelain with Malaca, China and Sumatra. However, Rander was affected by Portuguese incursions in the sixteenth century that took her to the decline causing Surath to acquire importance. By 1514, the Portuguese traveler Duarte Barbosa had described Surat as an important port, frequented by many ships that came from Juggling and other parts of the world. There is still a ruins in the margin of the built river around 1540. The British took control of the city in 1759, and assumed all government powers in 1800.
As the most prominent rest of the European colonial presence, the old English and Dutch cemeteries stand out; The English settled to trade in the area in 1608, and the Dutch in 1617. The Armenians left a great field.
In 1992, there were violent clashes between Hindus and Muslims and in 1994 there was a plague epidemic.
Geography
The city is located on the left margin of the Tapi River, 22 km from its mouth. While it is a city with port, it has been damaged by the river, so the port of Hazira is used in the Surrat metropolitan area. Surrate is located at latitude 21 ° 10′12 ″ N and length 72 ° 49′48 ″ E, at a height of 13 m s. n. m. </s.
climate
The climate is tropical and abundant monsoon rains, presenting an average rainfall of 2500 mm per year.
- Winter temperature: max 31 °C, min 12 °C
- Summer temperature: max 42 °C, min 24 °C
- Rains (mid June to September): 931.9 mm
- Absolute minimum temperature: 7 °C
- Absolute maximum temperature: 45 °C
The neighborhoods of Surat are: Bharuch, Narmada (north), Navsari and Dang (south). To the west is the Gulf of Cambay. Tropical climate and abundant monsoon (about 2500 mm/year).
 Average climate parameters of Surat, Gujarat (1981–2010, Ext 1877–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Ene. | Feb. | Mar. | Open up. | May. | Jun. | Jul. | Ago. | Sep. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual |
| Temp. max. abs. (°C) | 38.3 | 41.7 | 44.0 | 45.6 | 45.6 | 45.6 | 38.9 | 37.2 | 41.1 | 41.4 | 39.4 | 38.9 | 45.6 |
| Average temperature (°C) | 30.8 | 32.3 | 35.4 | 36.7 | 35.8 | 34.0 | 31.2 | 30.8 | 32.3 | 35.1 | 34.1 | 31.9 | 33.4 |
| Temp. medium (°C) | 15.2 | 16.7 | 20.7 | 24.0 | 26.8 | 27.0 | 25.9 | 25.5 | 25.4 | 23.3 | 19.6 | 16.5 | 22.2 |
| Temp. min. abs. (°C) | 4.4 | 5.6 | 8.9 | 15.0 | 19.4 | 20.2 | 19.9 | 21.0 | 20.6 | 14.4 | 10.6 | 6.7 | 4.4 |
| Rains (mm) | 1.9 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 2.4 | 255.9 | 466.3 | 281.7 | 186.7 | 40.7 | 5.1 | 1.1 | 1243.3 |
| Days of rain (≥ 1 mm) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 8.0 | 15.0 | 12.3 | 8.1 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 46.7 |
| Relative humidity (%) | 41 | 34 | 33 | 42 | 58 | 70 | 80 | 79 | 70 | 52 | 44 | 43 | 53 |
| Source No. 1: | |||||||||||||
| Source No. 2: Weather Atlas | |||||||||||||
Demographics
A resident of Surat is called a surati. As of the 2011 Census of India, the population of Surat is 4,467,797. Surat has an average literacy rate of 89%, higher than the national average of 79.5%, male literacy is 93% and female 84%.
Men make up 53% of the population and women 47%. In Surat, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.
| Year | Population | Variation (±%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1810 | 73,000 | - |
| 1871 | 107,100 | +46.7% |
| 1881 | 109,800 | +2.5% |
| 1891 | 109,200 | −0.5% |
| 1901 | 119,300 | +9.2% |
| 1911 | 114,900 | −3.7 per cent |
| 1921 | 117,400 | +2.2% |
| 1931 | 98,900 | −15.8 per cent |
| 1941 | 171,400 | +73.3% |
| 1951 | 223,200 | +30.2% |
| 1961 | 288,000 | +29.0% |
| 1968 | 368,900 | +28.1% |
| 1971 | 492,700 | +33.6% |
| 1981 | 912,600 | +85.2% |
| 1991 | 1.519,000 | +66.4% |
| 2001 | 2,811,614 | +85.1% |
| 2011 | 4,591,246 | +63.3% |
| 2013 | 5,300,000 | +15.4% |
Source:
Religions
| Religion | % |
|---|---|
| Hinduism | 85.31% |
| Islam | 11.63% |
| Jainism | 2.31% |
| Buddhism | 0.28% |
| Christianity | 0.25% |
| Other/not indicated | 0.23% |
Source:
Places of interest
- Dutch Garden: Old Dutch Garden, the Dutch Cemetery and Makaipul, the original and old port.
- Strong old man: was built by Muhammed Tughlak in the s. XIV to fortify the defense against the Bhils.
- Sardar Patel Museum: with more than 100 years, it has a collection of more than 10,000 specimens of art and objects.
- Rangupavan: outdoor theater, with stage of 18 m x 10.5 m and capacity of about 4000 viewers. It's one of the biggest theaters in the country.
- Dumas & Hajira: Dumas is 16 km from Surat, and Hajira is 28 km away; with good health resorts, near the Arabian Sea. Hajira has two sources of iron-rich water and sulphides. Hazira's peaceful beach is frantized with Casurine hermoss.
- Vansada National Park:- in the Valsad District; house of leopards, tigers, panthers and boas. You visit it to the maximum between October and March.
- Beaches: several are close to Surat. Just 16 km away, Dumas is a popular resort with locals. Hajira is 28 km away, Ubhrat 42 km away, Tithal 108 km away; and only 5 km from Valsad on the Mumbai railway line to Vadodara. 29 km south of Surat, Navsari is head of the Parsi Community, from its installation in India. Udvada, just 10 km north of Vapi, the Daman station, has the oldest Parsi sacred fire in India. It is said that the fire was carried from Persia to Diu, on the coast opposite the Gulf of Cambay, in 700 a. C. Sanjan, at the southern end of the state, is the smallest port where the Parsis first settled. A pillar marks the point.
Public Safety
Surat initiated the "Project Safe City" in 2011 with the aim of maintaining the security of the city through surveillance cameras. The project was led by Sanjay Srivastava (IPS), who was then the Joint Police Commissioner of Surat. The 26m2 video wall, which is considered the largest surveillance screen in the country, has been installed in the control room of Police Commissioner Rakesh Asthana (IPS). This will help the police to see the entire city live through 10,000 CCTV cameras throughout the city. The Surat police have decided to install 5,000 CCTV cameras at sensitive points in the city. While 1,000 cameras will be night vision, another 4,000 will be simple CCTV cameras. This has been installed based on the APP with the help of city businessmen, city social persons, Surat Municipal Corporation and Surat City Police