Sunscreen

The sunscreen, sun blocker, sun cream, or sun cream is a lotion, gel, aerosol or other topical that prevents or diminishes the effects caused by solar radiation. No sunscreen offers a 100% absolute protection. It should be noted that it does not necessarily help prevent burns.

Clothes that block or screen out the sun's harmful rays (UVA and UVB), along with wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and sun shades, are helpful in preventing eye and skin injury but not enough for covering of burns caused by the sun. Each of them separately may not be enough to prevent sun injuries.

Normally, people who have a large number of moles are more likely to develop skin cancer.

Sunscreens should be applied 30 minutes to 2 hours before going out in the sun. In general, they should be reapplied after 80 minutes in the water or if you have sweated profusely or every 2 hours out of the water. Instructions on the product label should be followed carefully.

In Europe, the European Commission published in 2006 a recommendation specifying certain instructions for use to be included in the labeling of sunscreens. Recommendation 2006/647/CE of the European Commission defines as a product sun protection any preparation (such as cream, oil, gel or aerosol) applied to human skin with the exclusive or main purpose of protecting it from UV radiation by absorbing, scattering or reflecting it.

Prolonged exposure to the sun

Ultraviolet (UV) rays are an invisible form of radiation. They can penetrate the skin and damage cells. Sunburns are a sign of skin damage. Sunburns occur when the amount of exposure to the sun or another source of ultraviolet rays exceeds the ability of the body's protective pigment, melanin, to protect the skin. Sunburns are just as severe as thermal burns and can have the same systemic effects, including blistering, swelling, and fever. Tanning is also not healthy. It appears after the sun's rays have already killed some cells and damaged others. UV rays can cause skin damage during any season of the year and at any temperature. They can also cause eye problems, wrinkles, skin blemishes, and skin cancer. Recommendations to protect yourself from the sun:

• Stay away from the sun when your rays are stronger (between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.)
• Use sunscreen with a 15 or more FPS
• Use protective clothing
• Use sunglasses with good coverage that provide 100 percent protection against UV rays
• Avoid sun lamps and tan beds
• Check your skin regularly to detect changes in the size, shape, color or texture of your birthmarks, polka dots and stains. These changes can be a sign of skin cancer.

Types

There are two types of sunscreens:

• Physical filters: Also calls total screens. They reflect all solar radiation, preventing it from penetrating into the skin and causing redness, burns, etc. They need to be applied in thick layer and are barely noticed using titanium dioxide.
• Chemical filters: They act by absorbing solar radiation and transforming it into another type of non-nocive energy to the skin. They give rise to solar protection factors (FPS).

A good solar filter must gather the following qualities:

• Good absorption capacity of ultraviolet radiation.
• Resistance to external agents: sweat, water, etc.
• Do not cause skin irritation.
• Be stable in the sun.
• To be toilet and insipid.
• Don't leave an oily feeling.

Classification of photoprotectors according to their composition

• Those containing benzoic acid and its derivatives
• Those containing cinamato
• Those containing benzofenone
• Those containing benzimidazole derivatives
• Those containing bencilids and derivatives of alcanfor

SOLAR PROTECTION FACTOR

The sun protection factor (SPF), by Sun Protection Factor ) is the laboratory measure of efficacy with which a sunscreen will protect the skin; At higher the SPF greater protection will be offering the sunscreen against UV-B rays (ultraviolet radiation that is the cause of sunburn).

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The SPF is the amount of UV radiation necessary to cause sunbone burns to the skin with applied sunscreen, in relation to the amount of UV radiation necessary to cause the same burn without the sunscreen. Therefore, when using a sunscreen with SPF 50, the skin does not burn until it has been exposed to 50 times the amount of solar energy that would normally make it suffered from a burn. The amount of solar energy to which the skin is exposed not only depends on the amount of time that is exposed to the sun, but also on the time of the day to which the exposure is made. This is because during the morning and afternoon the radiation from the sun must cross a thicker layer of the atmosphere before reaching the earth (and the skin of those who are being exposed to the sun) with respect to the distance that must cross when you meet at noon. In practice, the protection of a particular sunscreen depends on factors such as:

• The person's skin type
• Applied amount of sunscreen and frequency of application.
• Activities carried out during sun exposure (e.g. swimming leads to the loss of the sunscreen of the skin in less time).
• Number of sunscreen that the skin has absorbed

The choice of sunscreen will depend on the personal history with sunburns and tan, skin type, use of other medications and the reasons to use a solar filter. If a solar filter is used to prevent medication -induced photosensitivity reactions or to prevent ultraviolet ray disorders, a wide spectrum product should be chosen. If you are going to swim or if you perspire a lot, you must choose a solar filter whose label is identified as water or water resistant.

Water resistance

In Europe the mention of " water resistant " y " very water resistant " It is regulated by a specification of the European Association of Cosmetics Manufacturers. Water -resistant products must support two 20 -minute dives, and water -resistant products four dives.

HISTORY

The first civilizations used various plant products to help protect the skin from sun damage. For example, the ancient Greeks used olive oil for this purpose, and the ancient Egyptians used extracts of rice, jasmine and altramuz plants, whose products are still used today for skin care. Oxide paste Zinc has also been popular for skin protection for thousands of years. Among the Sama-Bajau nomads of the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia, a type of common sun protection was a paste called Borak or Burak, which was done with herbs Aquatic, rice and spices. Women used to protect their face and skin areas exposed to the hard tropical sun in the sea. sun.

The first synthetic sunscreens were used for the first time in 1928. The first important commercial product was released in 1936, introduced by the founder of L ' Oreal, the French chemist Eugène Schueller.

Research

<p This strategy inhibits the primary damage induced by UV rays, as well as secondary free radicals.

UV filters are also being studied based on synapate esters.