Sunday

The Resurrection of El Greco (1586-1599).

Sunday (in ecclesiastical language, Dominic or Dominican) is the seventh day of the civil week in most countries. Spanish speaking countries. At an international level, the ISO 8601 standard of 2004 established that the week begins on Monday and ends on Sunday, considering it, in this way, the last day of the weekly calculation. It follows Saturday and precedes Monday.

Sunday is the first day of the liturgical week in the Christian tradition. Sunday is considered a holiday or public holiday in most countries around the world and is part of the weekend. Only countries influenced by Islamic or Jewish culture have Friday or Saturday, respectively, as the weekly holiday.

Etymology

The word "Sunday" derives from the Late Latin [dies] dominĭcus ('Lord's Day'), due to the Christian celebration of the resurrection of Jesus. In ancient Rome, this day was called dies solis ('day of the sun').

The word domus (‘house’), from which we have “domingo”, “don” and “domesticar”. Domus is associated with the root *demə- ('to build', 'house') present in the Greek δεσπότης despótes ('master, owner, Sir').

Sunday as a rest day

The apostle John refers to the «Lord's day» as κυριακὴ ἡμέρα (Kyriaki himera) (Revelation 1:10). Kyriaki, meaning 'of the Lord,' later became the Greek word for Sunday. The Latin translation of the Greek term Kyriaki himera is dominĭcus dies. Languages from the Western Roman Empire, such as Spanish and Italian, took the word dominĭcus as the name of the first day of the week; hence the word "Sunday", "Lord's day". However, in light of Mark 2:28 and Luke 6:05, it is written that Jesus himself (as "Son of Man") claims to be the "Lord of the Sabbath," which is the biblical seventh day. Some of the early Christians observed Saturday as the Sabbath, while others met for worship on Sunday. However, in the year 363, meetings on Saturday as the seventh day were prohibited by Canon 29 of the Synod of Laodicea.

The apostles of Jesus met on Sunday—the first day of the week—for the breaking of bread (Acts 20:7). Saturday is cited in the New Testament as the day on which the apostles visited the synagogues to preach Jesus not only to the Jews, and although the breaking of the bread after Jesus' resurrection appears on Sunday, both in the passage of the disciples of Emmaus (Luke 24:13-32) as in the book of the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 20:7), which in later tradition became the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass or Divine Liturgy. In the Holy Scriptures there is no mention of the change from Saturday to Sunday as a day of rest but it is something that can be documented from the I.

It was not until March 7, 321, when Constantine I the Great decreed that the «day of the sun» (current Sunday) would be observed as the obligatory civil rest day and, although traditionally it has been wanted to be seen in this The law was a sample of the emperor's Christianity, the law did not specifically benefit the Church, since the "day of the sun" was referred to Sol Invictus, a pagan divinity that had gained special importance in the imperial cult:

3. [2. ] Imp. Constantinus A. Helpidio.- Omnes iudices urbaneque plebes et cunctarum artium officia venerabili die solis quiescant. Ruri tamen positi agrorum culturae libere licenterque inserviant, quoniam frequenter evenit, ut non alio aptius die frumenta sulcis aut Vineae scrobibus commendentur, ne occasione momenti pereat commoditas coelesti provisione concessa.

PP. V. Non. Mart. Crispo II. et Constantino II. Cons. [321].

3. [2. ] Emperor Constantine, Augustus, Helpidio.- Rest all the judges, the plebe of the cities, and the offices of all the arts the venerable sunday. But work freely and lawfully in the farms established in the fields, for it often happens, that in no other day the grain is cast to the grooves and are planted vines in the holes more conveniently, so that on the occasion of the moment the benefit granted by the heavenly providence is not lost.

Posted to 5 of the March Nonas, under the second consulate of Crispo and Constantine. [321].

Code of Justinian, Lib. 3.

Garcia del Corral, Ildefonso L.; Corps of Roman Civil Law, Volume 4, (1892), p. 333.

Before the French Revolution, manual labor, commerce and dancing were prohibited on Sunday in almost all countries with a Christian tradition. There were exceptions in cases of urgent work or for some type of union corporation. After the Revolution, the Sunday rest gradually appeared in labor law, and is currently accepted in almost all laws.

Most Christian denominations currently consider Sunday as the day of rest, a holy day and one that usually entails attending mass or the corresponding Sunday service. The rejection of Sunday rest or its religious value as "Lord's day" occurs in Churches such as Seventh-day Adventists and other Sabbatarian groups, which claim the Old Testament Sabbath rest as mandatory for Christians.

Sunday in the Bible

The Catholic Church and all churches originating from the apostolic tradition keep Sunday, based on the aforementioned translation, with the mystical meaning of the renewal of the world through the resurrection of Christ. In this way, just as the Jews kept the Sabbath to remember the work of creation, now the Christians celebrate Sunday to remember the work of redemption.

The idea of the preeminence of Sunday was established by the tradition of the Catholic Church since the I century, confirmed through various councils and the writings of the Fathers of the Church.

This is the day the Lord has made, let us exult and rejoice in him

Psalms 118:24

On the first day of the week, when we were gathered together for the breaking of bread, Paul, who had to leave the next day, spoke with them and extended the talk until midnight

Acts 20:7-12

Every Sunday, keep everything you've been able to save, so don't expect my arrival to pick up the alms.

1 Corinthians 16:2

In fact, Paul of Tarsus says:

Let no one come to criticize them for what they eat or drink or for not respecting holidays or on the Sabbath, for that is but shadows of the reality that Christ Jesus is

Colossians 2:16-17

Another biblical fact that confirms the importance of Sunday is in the book of Revelation. The custom of calling this first day of the week the "Lord's day" is based on the belief that "the Lord's day" means Sunday (Ap 1,10), because John says to have been in the Spirit on the Lord's day, the day John had the vision for which he would write this book. However, many believe that the term "the day of the Lord" does not refer to a particular day of the week, but to an event, that of God's judgment, since throughout the Old Testament the day of the Lord refers to the day of the Lord. God's judgment on the nations. This is in keeping with the theme of the book of Revelation.

"Strive the howlings, for the day of the Lord is near; the desolation shall be as of the terrible hand of the Lord" (Isaiah 13:6). Torres Amat version.

In the Council of Jerusalem, held around the year 50, the main objective was to determine if the pious Gentile believer in Jesus should formally convert to Judaism, which implied being circumcised and following all the precepts of the Old Testament, that is, the Jewish Torah. The position that James expounded is recorded in Acts (15:20); the assembly approved it and later sent other believers to communicate the decision made:

That we have decided the Holy Spirit and we do not impose any more burdens than these necessary:

To abstain from the sacrifice of idols, from blood, from drowning and from fornication.

You will do well to keep these things.

Acts (15:28-29)

This could suggest, along with other exhortations by Paul of Tarsus in his letters, that in reality the observance of the Sabbath is for Jews and not for Christians. However, this does not necessarily have to be so, since the issue under discussion in the so-called Jerusalem Council had other points related to the Mosaic law and not precisely this fact.

Sunday in the apostolic tradition

Although some say,^{[citation needed]} in modern times, that in the Bible early Christians apparently observed Saturday as a day of rest and of adoration of the Lord, this seems to ignore what is written in the Book of Acts, which determines the contrary, and the apostolic tradition, which confirms it in numerous testimonies from the Apostolic Fathers and the Fathers of the Church, where it is affirmed that the Early Christians always observed Sunday as a day of rest and worship of the Lord. The Didache, the earliest extant Christian writing, says:

Meet the Lord's Day, leave the Bread and celebrate the thanksgiving

Didaché.

Ignatius of Antioch, who was ordained bishop by John the Apostle himself, wrote in the year 110:

If those who had been raised in the old order of things came to a new hope, no longer keeping the Sabbath, but living according to the day of the Lord (Sunday), the day on which our life arose through him and his death.

Letter to the magnesiums, 9, 1

Justin Martyr lived between the years 100 and 164; in the first written apology for him, in chapter 67 he says:

The day that is called the day of the sun takes place the meeting in one place of all who live in the city or in the countryside. We celebrated this general meeting on the day of the sun, because it was the first day that God, transforming darkness and matter, made the world, and the day also when Jesus Christ, our Savior, rose from the dead; for it is to be known that they crucified him the day before the day of Saturn, and the next to the day of Saturn, which is the day of the sun, appeared to his apostles (cf. Mt 28:9) and disciples,

St. Justin, Apology, 1, 69

Origen wrote in the year 225:

If we are opposed, we are accustomed to observing certain days, such as the day of the Lord, first of the week

Origins

Jerome of Estridón, who lived between the years 340 and 420, wrote:

The pagans call it the day of the Sun, and we must recognize it as such with the best will, since on that day the light of the world appeared and on that day the Sun of Justice dawned.

Jerónimo de Estridón

The Catechism of the Catholic Church states the following:

Jesus rose from the dead “the first day of the week” (Mt 28:1; Mk 16:2; Lk 24:1; Jn 20:1). As it is the “first day”, the day of the Resurrection of Christ recalls the first creation. As it is the “eighth day”, which follows the Sabbath (cf. Mk 16:1; Mt 28:1), it means the new creation inaugurated with the resurrection of Christ. For Christians it came to be the first of every day, the first of all feasts, the day of the Lord (Hè kyriakè hèmera, dies dominica), the “domingo”:

"We all gather together the day of the sun because it is the first day [after the Jewish Sabbath, but also the first day] in which God, drawing the matter from darkness, created the world; that same day Jesus Christ our Savior rose from the dead" (St.Justin, Apology, 1.67).

Sunday is expressly distinguished from Saturday, which is chronologically happening every week, and whose liturgical prescription replaces Christians. He fully realizes, at the Passover of Christ, the spiritual truth of the Jewish Sabbath and proclaims the eternal rest of man in God. For the cult of the law prepared the mystery of Christ, and what was practiced in it, prefigured some trait concerning Christ (cf. 1 Cor 10:11):

Those who lived according to the order of old things have gone to the new hope, not now observing the Sabbath, but the day of the Lord, in which our life is blessed by Him and by His death" (Saint Ignatius of Antioch, Epistula ad Magnesios, 9, 1).

The celebration of Sunday fulfills the moral precept, inscribed in the heart of man, of “giving God an outward, visible, public and regular worship under the sign of his universal goodness toward men” (Saint Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae, 2-2, q. 122, a. 4). The Sunday cult makes the moral precept of the Old Covenant, whose rhythm and spirit gathers celebrating every week the Creator and Redeemer of his people

The Day of the Lord in the Catechism of the Catholic Church

Catholic liturgy

The liturgy distinguishes some Sundays from others, and thus:

Sunday of Advent

It's every one of the four that precedes the Christmas party.

Palm Sunday

The last of Lent, which begins Holy Week.

Resurrection Sunday

The one in which the Church celebrates the Easter of Resurrection, which, in the Latin rite, is the immediate Sunday to the first Sunday of spring (after March 20).

Sunday of Divine Mercy

the week after Easter; on this day each person compels gets the total forgiveness of guilt and sorrow.

Sunday of Pentecost

Feast of the Coming of the Holy Spirit, which is celebrated on the fiftieth day following the Easter of Resurrection, counting both, and fluctuating between May 10 and June 13.

Sunday of the Most Holy Trinity

Moving party celebrated by the Church on the Sunday following the Pentecost.

In other languages

These are some of the names that Sunday receives in different languages:

• Aragonés: Sunday, Sunday.
• Armenian: の ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր րր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր ր (kirakí) of the Greek κουριακο ο οri οri οri οri, οr οr οr οr οr οr οr οriakí, οr οr οr.
• Asturleonés: domingu.
• Catalan: diumenge.
• Cebuano: dominggo.
• Corso: duménica.
• Esperanto: dimančo.
• French: dimanche (m)
• Gallego: Sunday.
• Modern Greek: κυριακς (kiriakí)Of Kiriós, 'Lord'.
• Indonesian: Hari minggu.
• Interlingua: dominica.
• Irish: an domhnach.
• Italian: domenica (f)
• Latin: Dies Domín or Dies Solis..
• Malayo: Hari minggu; I'll do it..
• Napolitano: dumméneca.
• West: dimenge (m)
• Portuguese: Sunday.
• Romanian: duminică (f)
• Veneto: doménega (f)
• Vietnamese: ch n nh/25070/t ('Lord's day').

“Day of the Sun”

• Afrikaans: sondag.
• German: Sonntag.
• Breton: Sul (m) Sulioù (pl.), disul adverb
• Chinese:  (xīngqīrì) (sol), أعربية (xīngqītiān) (Heart).
• Korean: quote quote (日本語 iryoil).
• Danish: søndag.
• Faroes: sunnudagur (m)
• Fines: Sunnuntai.
• Frison: snein.
• Welsh: dydd sul.
• Hindi: (ravi-vār).
• Ido: Sundio.
• Old English: Sunnandæg (m)
• English: Sunday.
• Icelandic: sunnudagur (m)
• Japanese: 日本語 简体字 繁體字 Français Español nichiyōbi).
• Latin: Dies Solis (sol) or Dies Domín (sir.)
• Nahuatl: tōnatiuhtōnal.
• Dutch: zondag (m).
• Norwegian: søndag.
• Quechua: Intichaw.
• Sesoto: sontaha.
• Swedish: Söndag.
• Thai: אวの:。 (wan aa thīt).
• Yidis: ה (Zuntik).

“No Work Day”

• Serbian: недека/nedelja (f)
• Bulgarian: (nedelja) (f)
• Casubio: niedzela (f)
• Czech: neděle (f)
• Slovak: nedel’a (f)
• Slovenian: nedelja (f)
• Croatian: nedjelja (f)
• Polish: niedziela (f)
• Ukraineno: неділя (drylja) (f)

Other meanings

• Alabama: nihtahollo, nihta istontòklo.
• Albanés: e diel.
• Amharic::
• Arab: الأحد (al-’a)ad) - 'the [day] one'.
• Azeri: bazaar.
• Cheroqui:: (unadodaquasgvi).
• Chickasaw: nitak hullo.
• Estonian: pühapäev - 'sacred day'.
• Euskera: Yay!, domeka. - 'The Full Moon Day'. The name would mean igan handia, which would be the greatest point of the full moon.
• Georgiano:: supposed food (kviradğe).
• Guaraní: arateĩ - 'first day (day one)'.
• Hebrew: מוווווה: (yom rišón) - 'First day'.
• Hungarian: Vasarnap - 'day of the market.'
• Kurdish: dusem.
• Latvian: svētdiena.
• Lithuanian: sekmadienis.
• Maorí: rätapu.
• Ojibwa: Anami’egiizhigad.
• Persian: ی شنبه (yekšambe) - 'first day'.
• Panyabí:: (aitavār).
• Rwandan: kwamungu.
• Russian: (voskresén’je) - 'day of the resurrection of Christ'.
• Siksiká: naatoyiksistsiko.
• Somali: axad (Arabic Loan).
• Suajili: jumapili (the second day of the week).
• Tagalo: Linggo.
• Turkish: peace.
• Volapük: balüdel.
• Wólof: dibéer.