Sucre (Colombia)

Sucre is one of the thirty-two departments that, together with Bogotá, Capital District, make up the Republic of Colombia. Its capital is Sincelejo. It is located in the north of the country, in the Caribbean region, bordering the Caribbean Sea (Atlantic Ocean) to the north, Bolívar to the east, and Córdoba to the west. With 10,670 km² it is the sixth smallest department — ahead of Caldas, Risaralda, Atlántico, Quindío and San Andrés y Providencia, the least extensive.

It receives its name in honor of the Venezuelan marshal Antonio José de Sucre, hero of national independence. It is divided into 26 municipalities and 5 subregions. The main municipalities are Sincelejo, Corozal, and Sampués.

Toponymy

The department took its name in honor of Antonio José de Sucre, alluding to the words spoken by Bolívar upon learning of his death ("they have killed my heart"). This expression was taken by the pioneers of this department as something symbolic, since it is located between the departments of Córdoba and Bolívar, from which it was born. This version is quite nice but any Colombian history book indicates that Bolívar's real expression was "They have killed Abel".

A curiosity is that the word "Sucre" in French, it means "Sugar", in fact it is related to it, since both the French word "Sucre", the surname "Sucre" and the word "Sugar" They come from the Arabic "Sukkar/As-Sukkar", which means the same in Arabic.

History

Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the area corresponding to the current department was inhabited by aboriginals of the Zenú ethnic group. The arrival of the first Spaniards to the territory occurred in February 1535 according to microfilmed Spanish documents that exist in the Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History (ICANH), result of the first residence made to the conquistador Pedro de Heredia, for the facts denounced by the first Bishop Thomas de Torres. The conquest of this territory was especially bloody, since in the visit made by the Oidor of the Audiencia of Santa Fe, in 1610, only one of fourteen indigenous people remained. In a first stage, the town of Tolú was established as the administrative head, and its town council of Tolú under the command of the Government of Cartagena. By the XVII century, the jurisdiction of the Villa de San Benito Abad appeared and in the XVIII, when the Bourbon reforms created the category of Corregimiento whose center was established in Piletas, which was later moved to Corozal. The name of the territory was changed from Sabanas de Tolú to Sabanas de Corozal. Don Antonio de la Torre y Miranda, entrusted by the Governor of Cartagena, Juan de Torrezar Díaz Pimienta, brought together the inhabitants scattered throughout the region in order to give symmetry and order to the North Western territory of Colombia. With the town of Piletas, the population spread throughout the Savannah of the Old Province of Cartagena de Indias. Its first populations were the town of Santiago de Tolú, San Benito Abad and Corozal. This last one the matters that were presented in the region before the City of Cartagena after the colony.

During the royalist rebellion called "The Revolution of the Priests", the site of Sincelejo became a dissident focus, which ended in 1812 when the patriots of Cartagena and El Carmen defeated in the Battle of Mancomoján, near the towns of El Carmen and Ovejas, the counter-revolutionaries took over Corozal, Sincelejo and Sampués, from where the rebellion had started. In the main square of Sincelejo, more than 16 rebels were executed.

In the federal era of Colombia, the province of Corozal (what today makes up the department of Sucre) was created in the State of Bolívar, and later, the provinces of El Carmen, Sincelejo, Chinú and Magangué.

In October 1908, in a dispute over the control of the Sabanas, the cities of Corozal and Sincelejo planned to maintain their hegemony over the old Sabanas de Bolívar, with them they created the ephemeral Department of Sincelejo, one of the 34 created at that time by President Rafael Reyes. It is the most important and memorable precedent, since it turned the economy and culture of the Sabanas upside down, the region where the current department is located. It was suppressed on April 15, 1910 despite the enormous effort made by the inhabitants of all the Sabanas, since they had achieved with their temporary autonomy the development of their roads, going from 12 schools to 38, creating the first Normal. The artisans managed to have an education since the governor, the loriquero José Torralbo, created a school for them. The reintegration into the Department of Bolívar represented the decline of the flourishing spirits distillation industry that had been the engine of the area's economy until then.

In 1917 the first automobile arrived. In 1940, the first Scadta plane landed upon completion of the Corozal Airport. During the 1950s and early 1960s, Willys and Volkswagen jeeps arrived, imported by the government of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. The first buses with metal bodies also arrived.

In 1963, the second Assembly of Municipalities met where all the delegates reaffirmed their adherence to Sucre. Corposucre made visits to some municipalities finding in their inhabitants their formal intention for the separatist cause and full support for a new department.

On July 28, 1966, the draft Law on the creation of the department of Sucre was debated in the Senate of the Republic. That same year, Law 47 was approved in the Senate of the Republic, through which the department of Sucre was created and organized, and Law 47, sanctioned by the President of the Republic, Carlos Lleras Restrepo, his Minister of Government..

The first governor was Julio Alejandro Hernández Salom.

Political-administrative division

Sincere

Buenavista

Caimito

Chalán

Colossus

Corozal

Coveñas

The Oak

Wales

Guaranda

The Union

The Palmites

Majagual

Morroa

sheep

Sampu

Palmito

San Benito Abad

S. J. deBetulia

San Marcos

San Onofre

San Pedro

Sincé

Sucre

Tolu

Rain

San Bernardo Islands
(Bolívar)

The department of Sucre is made up of 26 municipalities, territorially organized into five (5) subregions:

• The Mojana: made up of the municipalities of Guaranda, Majagual and Sucre.
• Montes de María: made up of the municipalities of Chalán, Colosó, Morroa, Ovejas and Sincelejo.
• Morrosquillo: made up of the municipalities of Coveñas, Palmito, San Onofre, Santiago de Tolú And Tolu Viejo.
• La Sabana: made up of the municipalities of Buenavista, Corozal, El Roble, Galeras, Los Palmitos, Sampués, San Juan de Betulia, San Pedro and Sincé.
• San Jorge: made up of the municipalities of Caimito, La Unión, San Benito Abad and San Marcos.

Judicial Branch

It is represented by the Administrative Court of Sucre with headquarters in the city of Sincelejo, with judicial territorial understanding of the Sucre Department and made up of five (5) Administrative Judicial Circuits as follows:

• Administrative Judicial Circuit of Corozal: It has as header in Corozal and comprises the municipalities of Buenavista, Chalán, Corozal, Los Palmitos, Morroa, Ovejas, San Pedro and San Juan de Betulia.

• Administrative Judicial Circuit of San Marcos: It has as head of San Marcos and comprises the municipalities of Caimito, La Unión and San Marcos.

• Administrative Judicial Circuit of Sincé: It has as head of Sincé and comprises the municipalities of Galeras, San Benito Abad and Sincé.

• Judicial Circuit of Sincelejo: It has as its header in Sincelejo and comprises the municipalities of Colosó, Coveñas, El Roble, San Antonio de Palmito, San Onofre, Sampués, Santiago de Tolú, Sincelejo and Toluviejo.

• Administrative Judicial Circuit of Sucre: It has as its header in Sucre and comprises the municipalities of Guaranda, Majagual and Sucre.

Demographics

Evolution of the population of the department of Sucre (1973-2016)

Population by census.Population by projection.Source: Statoids. DANE.

According to DANE, for the year 2016, the department of Sucre has a population of 859,909. As a result, since the year 2000 the population of Sucre has grown an average of 0.97% annually, well below the national average. The masculinity rate is approximately 102.7 men for every 100 women, (who also have the tallest average height in the country), and a median age of 24.2 years that is forecast to be approximately 27.3 years by 2020. The birth rate it is estimated at 22.04 per thousand while the mortality rate is estimated at 5.56 per thousand.

The fertility rate that DANE projected for the year 2010 was 2.81, but the 2010 National Demographic and Health Survey calculated a fertility rate of 2.5 and life expectancy is 74.2 years above the national average. Meanwhile the ethnic composition of the department is as follows:

• Mestizos & Blancos (72.96%)
• Black or Afro-Colombian (16.08%)
• Amerindians or Indigenous people (10.95%)
• Gypsies (0.01%)

Whites and mestizos have mainly Spanish (mostly Andalusian and Basque) and Arab (mainly Lebanese, Syrian, and Palestinian) origins; to a lesser extent are those of Italian, French, German and Sephardic Jewish origin who were forcibly incorporated into society since Colonial times and independence processes, thus losing their identity. Arabs comprise the largest ethnic minority, as in the rest of the Colombian Caribbean region, they appear strongly in 4 of the 5 subregions of the department, they are located mainly in the largest urban areas (Sincelejo, Corozal and San Marcos), and in the subregions of La Mojana, San Jorge and Las Sabanas. The area with the least presence is the subregion of the Golfo de Morrosquillo, and it is in this area where the Afro community is mostly rooted, in the municipalities of San Onofre and Santiago from Tolu. For their part, the indigenous are mostly located in the municipalities of the Montes de María subregion.

For the year 2009, the departmental capital Sincelejo concentrates a total of 234,886, that is, 29.26% of the total population.

The main urban centers of the department are the capital Sincelejo, Corozal with 48,021 inhabitants, San Marcos with 31,080 inhabitants and Tolú with 24,199 inhabitants.

In the Department of Sucre there is a conurbation process between the departmental capital and the neighboring municipalities, that is: Sincelejo, Corozal, Morroa, Sampués and Palmito, in addition to the conurbation process that is located between Tolú, Coveñas and San Onofre.

If Sincelejo had a metropolitan area with the aforementioned municipalities, the population would be approximately 380,000 inhabitants; thus concentrating approx. 47.4% of the total population of the department while that of Tolú would be approximately 46,000 inhabitants; in this way it would concentrate 6% approx. of the departmental population. In this way, the northern region of the department that includes these municipalities concentrates the total 53.4% of the population.

For the year 2020 it is estimated that the population will be 894,734 inhabitants, the masculinity rate will be 102.8 men for every thousand women, the median will be 27.3 years, the growth will be 0.99%; the birth rate will be 20.2 per thousand, mortality 6.10 per thousand, the fertility rate will be 2.5 per thousand women, life expectancy will be 74.5 years.

Composition of the departmental population.

Economy

The economy of the department of Sucre is based on the commerce or service sector contributing 67% of the department's economy, the private sector generates 80% of the department's employability. livestock (cattle 65%,

equine cattle 8%, pigs 15%, rams 9% and donkeys 3%). In this department we also find natural gas mines, cement producers, crushed limestone (some extractions are done illegally), as well as some manufacturing factories, fishing and agriculture; This ranks second, with products such as cassava, corn, plantain, yam, rice, avocado, pineapple, cotton, among other products.