Spanglish

The spanglish, spanglish, inglespañol or spanglés is any variety linguistics in which Spanish and English are strongly mixed. This is the name given to some varieties spoken by the Hispanic population residing in the United States, characterized by code-switching (code-switching) between both languages. These varieties do not have any type of official codification and occur mainly at the colloquial level. The term pocho, used among Mexicans, can have the same meaning as spanglish but it is derogatory. The simple fact of using anglicisms in Spanish is not normally enough to speak of spanglish.

A similar linguistic phenomenon is the Llanito spoken in Gibraltar.

However, for English-speaking Americans, especially in areas with a large Spanish-speaking population, the name "Spanglish" is given either to the use of Spanish words—or words with this origin, but morphologically "anglicized"—in sentences of the English language, or they directly receive the name "spanglish" slang and even pidgin forms, as occurs in California, Florida, New Mexico, Texas, the "Latino" neighborhoods of New York, other cities and the overseas territory from Puerto Rico. ^{[citation required]}

Origin

The term is linguistically imprecise; It groups without a common criterion the use of linguistic loans, normal in the development of the language, with frequent code alternation between bilingual speakers or in professional jargon, with criteria of stylistic purity that lack, strictly speaking, scientific foundation. The term spanglish, redirected from spanglish, is already included in the Dictionary of the Spanish language of the Royal Spanish Academy in its latest update. There are writers who only write in spanglish, such as the Puerto Ricans Giannina Braschi and Ana Lydia Vega. The novel Yo-Yo Boing! by Giannina Braschi has many examples of Spanglish and code-switching.

It would be the appropriation of another language due to the need for expression of marginalized Spanish-speaking communities (until the current era of the "information highways") and coerced by the media and bureaucratically by the English-speaking community and due to economic conditions, creating more or less hybrid forms.

The reverse process affects English with respect to Spanish because English has lingua franca status in various regions of the world (see "Fromlostian").

Spanglish occurs mainly in the United States, in the Spanish-speaking communities of some US states, such as Florida, Georgia, Texas, California or New York and, due to population movements, Although its use is also quite common in more remote areas due to the influence of movies, television or music; as well as by the presence of US colonial enclaves in Spanish-speaking countries, such as the Panama Canal Zone, where US control influenced various aspects of Panamanian society.

The use of English structures is also present among the Spanish-speaking community in Australia. The level of use does not have the same proportions as in the United States, but it is clear that there is widespread use among Spanish-speaking minorities in cities such as Sydney or Melbourne, of grammatical structures or lexicons of English in their everyday language. It is common to hear expressions such as: I live in a small flat; I'm going to run with my runners; the city bookstore is large, or words such as the rubbish bin, the vacuum cleaner, the tram, the toilet or the mobile.

The Dictionary of American Regional English collected in 1972 the first examples of this language. Most authors consider that it was actually in the 1960s when the “mock” explosion took place in the Hispanic neighborhoods of Miami, New York and Los Angeles, the forerunner of Spanglish and which, by filtering, later spread throughout the world. the cities. But an interesting fact is that the person who coined the term for the first time is the Puerto Rican humorist Salvador Tió in his column titled "Spanglish Theory", originally published in the newspaper "El Diario de Puerto Rico"; on October 28, 1948. Later the column appears again in his book "A fuego lento" edited by the publishing house of the University of Puerto Rico in the fifties. In his theory, Tió explains that Spanglish is the Spanishization of English, which is frequent. Years later he publishes in the newspaper & # 34; El Mundo & # 34; of March 27, 1971, his theory of inglañol or ingañol , which is to give Spanish words the meaning they have in English. And he adds by way of example 'And I can't make an apology for someone who makes an apology, instead of an apology or a satisfaction... Tió invented the word Spanglish ten or twelve years before that a well-known French critic, Etieble, coined the "franglais" in Paris. Other cases of Spanglish can be observed in Mexico. Due to the influence of the north there are several verbs, such as parquear (to park, park), wachar (to observe, watch) or cachar (to catch, catch). >) generally used, since the language is mixed to shorten the words. Not only are the words changed, but they are used mixed with Spanish, creating a sentence using two languages. Similar phenomena are observed in other Spanish-speaking countries.

Code Switching

Among speakers with knowledge of more than one language, but with a limited mastery of one of them, the often unconscious mixture of several languages in the same sentence is normal. Other speakers, on the other hand, explain that, being good connoisseurs of both languages, they prefer to choose the word that best reflects it for each idea, taking into account that their interlocutor also knows both languages. In either case, one speaker may say to another a phrase such as "I'm sorry, I cannot attend next week's meeting because I have a business obligation in Boston, but I hope I'll be back." for the meeting the week after”, in which he consciously or unconsciously changes the language.

It is also typical of spanglish (also hispaninglish) the confusion of meanings between Spanish words and other English words that sound similar (false friends). An example of this would be the phrase "vaccinate the carpet" (from English, vacuum the carpet ) instead of "vacuum (the dust from) the carpet". Pronunciation is also confused, for example, “I am bilingual; I don't have an accent."

Dialectal variants of Spanish in America

Since Spanglish is a process that has occurred mainly in America, it must be analyzed from the point of view of the Dialects of Spanish in America. In these, loanwords for everyday objects are common (such as "pulover", from English "pull-over"), and especially for technology, "marketing" and business administration ("management"). These uses should not be confused with Spanglish, since they are much older, recognized, and have another origin. In many cases, the word used in America may resemble the English one but has a Latin etymology ("computadora" from the Latin "computare").

Cyberspanglish

This phenomenon had its greatest global diffusion with the explosion of the Internet, with a large number of new words such as browser, frame, link, cookie, chat, mail, surfear, etc., which did not have a Spanish translation or were not did it out of laziness, like cookie, or simply the English term was easier or shorter: chatroom instead of chat room.

In some extreme cases, English verbs are even conjugated with Spanish endings, chat, chat, chat, chat, the use of which is so widespread and common that it has been admitted by the RAE [1], but not the use of the word accesar instead of the Spanish word accesar.

In other cases, some of the original terms in English have been disappearing instead of their equivalents in Spanish: navegador, instead of browser, marco instead of frame, link or link instead of link, navigate instead of surfing, etc.

Fromlostian

Although the origin of Fromlostian is very different from that of Spanglish, it sometimes gives similar results and its use among Spanish-speaking youth in Europe resembles American usage. In this case, it is not a cultural shock but a burlesque movement with a touch of rebellion on the part of the Spanish community towards the compulsory teaching of the English language. Thus, words like "baidefeis" they have spread to the point of being widely understood and used in the mass media.

Advertising poster in Madrid where the expression «baidefeis» replacing the Spanish word «free». It would be the English translation of the Spanish phrase «To the face» («By the face»), written phonetically.

A literary example: Code-Switching

--Wind up the monkey to dance.

--You think there are more than three great poets in a language in a century. Let's see: Vallejo, Neruda, Darío, Lorca, Jiménez, Machado. Very few.

--It depends on what you are looking for.

--I'm looking for the creators. If you want to accept the teachers, then you include: Huidobro, Cernuda, Alberti, Aleixandre, Salinas, Guillén. Yes, they are teachers, but not creators.

--You are too rigid.

--No, it's just that the gates of Parnassus are very narrow. Aleixandre may be a better poet than Lorca, but not a greater one. Lorca is ordinary, but he is a creator. Many masters are better poets than the creators, but they are not greater. Greatness is not better. Sometimes it's worse. There are many singers with a better voice than María Callas. But she bleeds great. And greatness cannot be defined. Because she is full. It is like the sun. Something full of light and round. You don't need anything. And she fills you up. She fills you up. She fills you up It is something that she establishes. And she affirms the establishment of her. She is implanted. She stands up. She stays there, like an installation, in a space. It's like beauty.

--What a pity.

--The total, the parts do not add up to the total.''

-- Open the door or chingo la window.''

(A scene in Giannina Braschi's bilingual novel titled: "Yo-Yo Boing!")

Other Spanglish Examples with Code-Switching

Short conversation in Spanglish:

• Anita: "Hello, good morning, how are you?"
• Mark: "Fine, and you?"
• Anita: "All right. But I had trouble parking my car this morning. »
• Mark: "Yes, I know. There are always problems parking in the area at this time».

Translation into Spanish:

• Anita: «Hello, Good morning.how are you?"
• Mark: «Good.And you?"
• Anita: «Good too.. But I had trouble. to park my car this morning. »
• Mark: "Yes, I know.. There's always trouble. to park in this area at this time».

English translation:

• Anita: «Hello, good morning, how are you?»
• Mark: "Fine, And you?»
• Anita: «Everything is fine, but I have had problems parking my car This morning. »
• Mark: «YesI know. There are always problems parking in this area at this time».

Example 2:

• Sofia: "Hello, good afternoon, how are you?"
• Marcelo: "Fine, what about you?"
• Sofia: “Everything normal, in my school I was thinking about how many roulettes”
• Marcelo: "Wow! Who would say it! You too roulettes, huh?»

Example 3:

• Mike: "What's up? So what? Did you? wacho in the party? Remember it's not cover. »
• Maria: «Of courseYou go to me. house for me. »
• Mike: «Okay.. So, there we wax my Dear. »

Example 4:

• Carlos: « Hey, Ana, lend me your cellphone. »
• Ana: «No way! I have no charge, ♪. »
• Carlos: “I see why, you spent the whole money in Look at it.. »
• Ana: «Yeah.But it stayed. supercool»

Some words translated in Spanglish

The case of ING completion

In Spain it is the case that some words in English, for example: foot = foot, to be pronounced their meaning in Spanish, the wrong ending () is added indiscriminately ing) and thus can be interpreted, in Spanish, as: jogging (word "incorrect" that would mean: "run"), being the word & #34;correct" in English: running. Other incorrect examples:

• Vending = supposedly means: sales, or a sales store.
• Balconing = supposedly means: to jump off a balcony.
• Banking = supposedly means: sitting in a bank or any other seat.
• Cicling = supposedly means: pedaling on a fixed bike in a gym.
• Banking = supposedly banking or a banking agency.
• Zapping = supposedly means: changing channels on a television.
• Puenting = supposedly means: jumping off a bridge with harnesses.
• Edredoning = supposedly covering or having sex under a duvet.