September 3

September 3 is the 246th (two hundred and forty-sixth) day of the year—the 247th (two hundred and forty-seventh) in leap years—in the Gregorian calendar. There are 119 days left to end the year.

Events

• 401 B.C.: in Cunaxa (about 70 km north of Babylon) the battle of Cunaxa between Artaxerxes II and Prince Cyrus the Youth takes place.
• 32: In Mexico, the first documents of America are written in stools of late Olmeca times (See Three Zapotes).
• 301: On the italic peninsula is founded the Republic of San Marino.
• 1189: In the Abbey of Westminster (England), Ricardo Corazón de León is crowned king.
• 1412: Fernando I arrives in Zaragoza as the new king of Aragon and swears before the Courts his office.
• 1539: Pope Paul III approves the statutes that Ignatius of Loyola presented to him for the foundation of the Society of Jesus.
• 1609: Near New York City (United States), British explorer Henry Hudson is the first European to know Hudson Bay.
• 1783: The signing of the Paris Treaty puts an end to the United States War of Independence.
• 1791: France proclaims the first written Constitution of its history.
• 1813: In Peru, the Lebanese people invaded public buildings against the delay in the abolition of the Inquisition.
• 1821: In Mexico, Chiapas declared itself independent of Spain.
• 1821: In the United States, a hurricane hits New York. This is the only case known in the history of that city.
• 1826: in Moscow the tsar Nicholas I is crowned.
• 1854: in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Bartolomé Mitre founded the Historical-Geographic Institute of the Rio de la Plata.
• 1864: explosion in a factory of Alfred Nobel for the development of glycerin (an essential element for producing dynamite).
• 1873: in Spain, Santiago Ramón and Cajal is destined, as a military lieutenant, to Burgos.
• 1914: Cardinal Giacomo della Chiesa is appointed Pope, with the name Benedict XV.
• 1921: at a hotel in San Francisco (California), the comic Roscoe Fattie Arbuckle (1887-1933) hosts a party in his room. One of the young, actress Virginia Rappe (30), will die three days later, which will ruin the life of the actor.
• 1925: the first international basketball game is played.
• 1930: In the Dominican Republic, a hurricane devastates the capital of Santo Domingo and causes the death of more than 800 people.
• 1930: In the United States, French riders Diudonné Costes and Maurice Bellonte land near New York, after crossing the Atlantic on a 37-hour flight.
• 1933: in Spain, Alejandro Lerroux forms a new government.
• 1934: In Mexico, Daniel Cosío Villegas founded the Economic Culture Fund, one of the most important publishing houses in Ibero-America.
• 1935: Malcolm Campbell becomes the first man to drive a car to more than 300 mph (483 km/h).
• 1938: The Fourth International was founded at a conference of delegates in Paris and the Transition Programme developed by Leon Trotski was approved.
• 1939: In Bydgoszcz (in German, Bromberg), in Poland—in the framework of World War II—the Nazis perpetrate the murders of Bloody Sunday.
• 1939: As part of World War II, England and France declare war on Germany after the invasion of Poland.
• 1939: he arrives in Valparaíso in the ship Winnipeg, which transports Spanish emigrants taken from France by the Chilean special consul, the poet Pablo Neruda.
• 1942: In Spain the Fourth National Government is formed, which will last until 1945.
• 1944: Allied troops liberate Brussels from the German occupation.
• 1944: the Jewish girl Anna Frank (aged 15) is sent to the Nazi German concentration camp of Auschwitz (occupied Poland). He will probably die in February 1945 in the concentration camp of Bergen-Belsen. His sister, Margot Frank, will die in February 1945 in the same field, also of typhus.
• 1947: United States delivers radioactive isotopes to scientists from friendly countries.
• 1950: in Buenos Aires, Racing inaugurates its current stadium, El Cilindro winning 1-0 against Vélez Sarsfield.
• 1953: the European Convention on Human Rights enters into force in Europe.
• 1953: at the site of atomic evidence in Semipalatinsk (Kazakhstan) the Soviet Union detonated its sixth atomic bomb at 255 m high, which the CIA would baptize as Joe-6, of 5.8 kilotons.
• 1954: Pope Pius X is canonized in the Vatican City.
• 1955: the Ramón de Carranza stadium is inaugurated in Spain.
• 1967: Sweden adopts the right hand for the circulation of vehicles.
• 1971: In his exile in Madrid, President Juan Domingo Perón received the body of his wife, Evita, kidnapped for 16 years and mutilated by the soldiers who replaced him in the coup d'état of 1955.
• 1971: Catar is independent of the United Kingdom.
• 1976: the American spacecraft Viking 2 lands on Mars.
• 1976: In the Azores Islands, a C-130 Hercules of the Venezuelan Air Force crashes with 68 people on board (the University Orfeón and the crew). The fact will be known as the Tragedy of the Azores.
• 1978: John Paul I officially begins his pontificate (and will die a month later).
• 1981: the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women enters into force.
• 1982: General Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa was murdered in Palermo (Sicilia), in charge of fighting the Sicilian mafia.
• 1984: Iron Maiden launches the album Powerslave.
• 1986: In South Africa, the bishop and Nobel Peace Prize in 1984, Desmond Tutu, is officially named Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town.
• 1989: During a match between the Chilean and Brazil football team at the Maracaná Stadium, the Roberto Rojas ranger simulated to be wounded by a bengala, and Chile abandoned the court (Maracanazo de la Selección Chilean).
• 1992: in Geneva, Switzerland, the UN Conference on Disarmament adopts the draft convention for the total elimination of chemical weapons.
• 1994: China and Russia agree to control their weapons.
  • in Argentina begins the TyC Sports transmissions.
• 1995: in San José, California, it is founded eBay, a site for auction and electronic commerce of products online.
• 1996: In Iraq, the United States launches two attacks with 44 missiles against military targets.
• 1998: off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada, a Swissair MD-11 explodes.
• 2000: in the Vatican City, Pope John Paul II beatifies John XXIII and Pius IX.
• 2004: In a school in Beslan, Russian agents kill 335 people in the hostage-free operation.
• 2006: in Japan, the Spanish National Team is proclaimed for the first time winner in the Basket World after defeating Greece in the 47-70 final with Pau Gasol injured.
• 2006: In the United States, Andre Agassi retires from active tennis after losing in the Open before the young German Benjamin Becker for 7-5, 6-7, 6-4 and 7-5.
• 2007: the news Monitor returns to the air 65 days after José Gutiérrez Vivó announced the end of transmissions for economic reasons.
• 2009: In the United States, Michael Jackson is buried in Los Angeles City Forest Lawn Cemetery (California) 70 days after his death.
• 2013: Ariana Grande releases his debut album, Yours Truly.
• 2015: in Guatemala, he assumes the presidency Alejandro Maldonado Aguirre, after Otto Pérez Molina resigned the day before.
• 2017: North Korea states that it has detonated a hydrogen bomb, equivalent to about 100 kilotons of TNT. The United States Geological Service reported an earthquake of 6.3 magnitude, not far from the Punggye-ri nuclear test site.
• 2022: NASA for the second time suspends the launch of its unmanned lunar mission Artemis I, due to a leak detected in the duct that fuels the SLS rocket.

Births

• 1499: Diana de Poitiers, a French aristocrat, lover of King Henry II (f. 1566).
• 1568: Adriano Banchieri, writer, organist, composer and Italian poet (f. 1634).
• 1643: Lorenzo Bellini, doctor, anatomist and Italian poet (f. 1703).
• 1724: Guy Carleton, British aristocrat (f. 1808).
• 1781: Eugène de Beauharnais, aristocrat Venetian, adopted son of Napoleon Bonaparte (f. 1824).
• 1797: Benjamin Nottingham Webster, playwright and British actor (f. 1882).
• 1810: Paul Kane, an Irish-Canadian painter (f. 1871).
• 1849: Sarah Orne Jewett, American writer (f. 1909).
• 1856: Louis Sullivan, American architect forerunner of modern architecture (f. 1924).
• 1859: Jean Jaurés, French socialist leader (f. 1914).

Fritz Pregl

Urho Kekkonen

• 1869: Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemistry prize, 1923 (f. 1930).
• 1875: Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian-German automotive engineer (f. 1951).
• 1884: Francisco José Múgica, militar y política mexicano (f. 1954).
• 1889: José María Belauste, Spanish footballer (f. 1964).
• 1890: Agustín Olachea, Mexican politician and military (f. 1973).
• 1899: Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian biologist (f. 1985).
• 1900: Maurice Herbert Dobb, British economist (f. 1976).
• 1900: Urho Kekkonen, Finnish President (f. 1986).
• 1900: Eduard van Beinum, Dutch orchestra director (f. 1959)
• 1901: José Bohr, director, producer, actor, screenwriter and German composer (f. 1994).
• 1905: Carl David Anderson, U.S. physicist, nobel prize of physics in 1936 (f. 1991).
• 1905: Alberto Arvelo Torrealba, writer, lawyer, politician and literary critic Venezuela, author of Florentine and the Devil (f. 1971)
• 1905: Oscar Bidegain, politician and professional Argentinean shooter (f. 1994).
• 1910: Kitty Carlisle, American actress (f. 2007).
• 1913: Ignacio Agustí, Spanish writer and journalist (f. 1974).
• 1913: Alan Ladd, American actor (f. 1964).
• 1913: Saburo Ienaga, Japanese historian (f. 2002).
• 1914: Narcissus Perales, a Spanish doctor and a Falangist politician (f. 1993).
• 1920: León Ferrari, Argentine plastic artist (f. 2013).
• 1920: Chabuca Granda, Peruvian singer (f. 1983).
• 1920: Marguerite Higgins, journalist and U.S. war correspondent (f. 1966).
• 1922: Alexander Kazhdan, Russian-American Byzantineist (f. 1997).
• 1924: Juan Pablo Terra Gallinal, Uruguayan architect and politician (f. 1991).
• 1928: Délfor Medina, an Argentine actor (f. 2006).
• 1928: Gaston Thorn, Luxembourg politician, president of the European Commission (f. 2007).
• 1929: Irene Papas, Greek actress.
• 1929: Enrique Lihn, Chilean poet (f. 1988).
• 1929: Whitey Bulger, American criminal (f. 2018).
• 1930: Jorge Angel Livraga Rizzi, Argentine writer and philosopher, founder in 1957 of the New Acropolis International Organization (f. 1991).
• 1931: Dick Motta, American basketball coach.
• 1931: José de Torres Wilson, Uruguayan historian (f. 1999).

Eileen Brennan

• 1932: Eileen Brennan, American actress (f. 2013).
• 1933: Carlos Díaz Medina, mayor gaditano between 1982 and 1994.
• 1934: Lucien Müller, footballer and French coach.
• 1936: Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, Tunisian politician, president between 1987 and 2011 (f. 2019).
• 1938: Ryoji Noyori, a Japanese chemical, a nobel chemistry award in 2001.

Eduardo Galeano

• 1940: Eduardo Galeano, Uruguayan journalist and writer (f. 2015).
• 1942: Al Jardine, American singer of The Beach Boys.
• 1943: Valerie Perrine, American actress and model.
• 1947: Mario Draghi, Italian economist, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy since 2021.
• 1947: Kjell Magne Bondevik, Norwegian politician, Prime Minister of Norway between 1997 and 2000 and between 2001 and 2005.
• 1948: Levy Mwanawasa, Zambian lawyer, president of Zambia between 2002 and 2008 (f. 2008).
• 1949: José Néstor Pékerman, ex-player and technical director of Argentine football.
• 1949: Alberto Garrido, journalist and Venezuelan political analyst (f. 2007).
• 1950: Doug Pinnick, a bassist and American singer of the band King's X.
• 1953: Jean-Pierre Jeunet, French filmmaker.
• 1955: Steve Jones, British guitarist for the Sex Pistols band.
• 1959: José Luis Laguía, Spanish cyclist.
• 1960: Fernando Arcega, Spanish basketball player.
• 1963: Guido Imbens, Dutch-American economist, Nobel Prize Conmemorative of Economics 2021.
• 1965: Ronny Sianturi, Indonesian actor and singer.
• 1965: Charlie Sheen, American actor.
• 1965: Costas Mandylor, Australian actor.
• 1969: Hidehiko Yoshida, Yudoca and Japanese mixed martial arts wrestler.
• 1969: Noah Baumbach, American filmmaker.
• 1969: Jörg Müller, German motor racing driver.
• 1970: Gareth Southgate, British footballer and coach.
• 1971: Kiran Desai, Indian writer.
• 1971: Craig Mack, American rapper. (f. 2018)
• 1971: Paolo Montero, Uruguayan footballer.
• 1971: Drena De Niro, American actress.
• 1972: Natalia Estrada, actress and Spanish model.
• 1973: Damon Stoudamire, American basketball player.
• 1973: Jakob Piil, Danish cyclist.
• 1975: Redfoo (Stefan Kendal Gordy), American singer of the LMFAO band.
• 1976: Samuel Kuffour, Ghanaian footballer.
• 1976: Róbson Luís, Brazilian footballer.
• 1977: Rui Marques, Angolan footballer.
• 1977: Olof Mellberg, Swedish footballer.
• 1977: Stephen Laybutt, Australian footballer.
• 1977: Miguel Angel Biaggio, Mexican actor.
• 1978: Valfar, Norwegian vocalist, founder of the Windir band.
• 1979: Júlio César Soares Spying, Brazilian footballer.
• 1979: Tomo Milicevic, Croatian-American guitarist of the band 30 Seconds to Mars.
• 1980: B.G., American rapper.
• 1980: Daniel Bilos, Argentine soccer player.
• 1980: Cone McCaslin, Canadian bassist of the Sum 41 band.
• 1980: Lauro Júnior Batista da Cruz, Brazilian footballer.
• 1981: Gautier Capuçon, French cellist.
• 1981: Krešimir Kordić, Bosnian footballer.
• 1981: Fodé Mansaré, a Guinean footballer.
• 1981: Yevguenia Brik, Russian actress (f. 2022).
• 1982: Carlo Zotti, Italian footballer.
• 1982: Ayumi Fujimura, Japanese seiyū.
• 1983: Cristian Fabbiani, Argentine footballer.
• 1983: Augusto Farfus, Brazilian motor racing pilot.
• 1983: Nicky Hunt, British footballer.
• 1983: Alexander Klaws, German singer.
• 1983: Aida Oset, Spanish actress.
• 1984: Garrett Hedlund, American actor.
• 1984: David Fiegen, Luxembourg athlete.
• 1984: André Cardoso, Portuguese cyclist.
• 1985: Scott Carson, British footballer.
• 1985: Mark van den Boogaart, Dutch footballer.
• 1985: Swen König, Swiss footballer.
• 1985: Yūki Kaji, Japanese seiyū.
• 1986: Shaun White, American snowboarder.
• 1986: Jean-Pierre Drucker, luxembourgeois cyclist.
• 1987: Modibo Maïga, a Malian footballer.
• 1988: Jérôme Boateng, German footballer.
• 1989: Gusttavo Lima, Brazilian singer.
• 1991: Sascha Studer, Swiss footballer.
• 1992: Sebastian Lletget, American footballer.
• 1993: Dominic Thiem, Austrian tennis player.
• 1993: Yukitoshi Itō, Japanese footballer.
• 1995: Niklas Süle, German footballer.
• 1996: Joy, member of the Red Velvet group.
• 1997: Bernard Tekpetey, Ghanaian footballer.
• 1997: Javi Areso, Spanish footballer.
• 1997: Hana Kimura, professional fighter joshi pureresu Japanese (f. 2020).
• 1997: Hikmatullah Zain, Afghan taekwondista.
• 1998: Joni Montiel, Spanish footballer.
• 1999: Filip Maciejuk, Polish cyclist.
• 1999: Miguel de la Fuente Escudero, Spanish footballer.
• 1999: Sarah Lagger, Austrian athlete.
• 2000: Ashley Boettcher, American actress.
• 2000: Hilmar Henningsson, Icelandic basketball.
• 2000: Lyle Foster, South African footballer.
• 2000: Tomás Verón Lupi, Argentine soccer player.
• 2000: Brandon Williams, British footballer.
• 2001: Kaia Gerber, American model.
• 2001: Kata Blanka Vas, Hungarian cyclist.
• 2001: Luke Travers, Australian basketball player.
• 2001: Emil Konradsen Ceide, Norwegian footballer.
• 2002: Miranda Kay, Canadian-Mexican actress.
• 2002: Iman Vellani, Canadian actress.
• 2002: Fem van Empel, Dutch cyclist.
• 2002: Layton Stewart, British footballer.
• 2003: Jack Dylan Grazer, American actor.
• 2006: Huang Yuting, Chinese shooter.

Deaths

• 931: Uda, Japanese emperor (n. 867).
• 1402: Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Milanese ruler (n. 1351).
• 1467: Leonor of Portugal and Aragon, Portuguese aristocrat, wife of the German emperor Frederick III of Habsburg (n. 1434).
• 1658: Oliver Cromwell, a stateist and English statesman (n. 1599).
• 1667: Alonso Cano, painter, sculptor and Spanish architect (n. 1601).
• 1669: Esteban Manuel de Villegas, a Spanish poet (n. 1589).
• 1720: Henrí de Massue, French military (n. 1648).
• 1816: Liborio Mejía, leader of Colombian independence (n. 1792).
• 1836: Daniel Mendoza, British boxer (n. 1764).
• 1853: Augustin Saint-Hilaire, French botanist (n. 1779).
• 1877: Adolphe Thiers, French historian and politician (n. 1797).
• 1883: Ivan Turguénev, a Russian novelist (n. 1818).
• 1894: Leon Federico Aneiros, Argentine priest (n. 1826).
• 1936: Sadí de Buen Lozano, doctor and Spanish scientist (n. 1893).
• 1940: Henri Lavedan, French writer (n. 1859).
• 1946: Moriz Rosenthal, Polish pianist (n. 1862).
• 1948: Edvard Beneš, Czechoslovak statesman (n. 1884).
• 1951: Ernestina Lecuona, composer, pianist and Cuban teacher (n. 1882).
• 1954: Teodoro Rojas, botanical and scientific Paraguayan (n. 1877).
• 1960: Joseph Lamb, pianist of ragtime and American composer (n. 1887).
• 1965: Hutin Britton, English actress (n. 1876).
• 1968: Juan José Castro, Argentine composer (n. 1895).
• 1970: Blind Owl, American singer, member of the band Canned Heat (n. 1943).
• 1971: Rosa Wernicke, writer and Argentine poet (n. 1907).
• 1974: Harry Partch, American composer (n. 1901).
• 1976: Vinicio Adames, musician and director of Venezuelan choir and orchestra (n. 1927).
• 1977: Blackie, journalist, radio conductor and Argentine jazz singer (n. 1912).
• 1978: Amancio Barreiro, Spanish taxi driver (n. 1942).
• 1979: Marcelino García Barragán, Mexican military and political (n. 1895).
• 1982: Frederic Dannay (Daniel David Nathan), American Jewish writer (n. 1905), who with his cousin Manfred Bennington Lee (1905-1971) used the pseudonym Ellery Queen.
• 1989: Gaetano Scirea, Italian footballer (n. 1953).
• 1990: Vicente Rodríguez Casado, Spanish professor (n. 1918).
• 1991: Frank Capra, Italian filmmaker (n. 1897).
• 1992: Barbara McClintock, American geneticist, nobel medical prize in 1983 (n. 1902).
• 1993: José María de Porcioles, Spanish politician (n. 1904).
• 1994: Billy Wright, British footballer (n. 1924).
• 1998: Espartaco Santoni, actor and producer of Venezuelan cinema (n. 1937).
• 2001: Thuy Trang, Vietnamese actress (n. 1973).
• 2004: Germán Bidart Campos, lawyer, professor and Argentine jurist, recognized for his many works of law (n. 1927).
• 2004: César Alonso de las Heras, a Spanish religious (n. 1913).
• 2005: Joan Segarra, Spanish footballer (n. 1927).
• 2005: William Rehnquist, American lawyer and judge (n. 1924).
• 2007: Gustavo Eberto, Argentine footballer (n. 1983).
• 2007: Diego Espín Cánovas, Spanish jurist (n. 1914)
• 2010: Juan Huerta Montero, Mexican politician (n. 1964).
• 2010: Guillermo Zavaleta Rojas, a Mexican lawyer and politician (n. 1976).
• 2010: Clare Butterworth Hardham, American botany (n. 1918).
• 2011: Julio Casas Regueiro, Cuban military and political (n. 1936).
• 2011: Andrzej Maria Deskur, Polish Cardinal (n. 1924).
• 2012: Sun Myung Moon, a South Korean religious (n. 1920).
• 2012: Michael Clarke Duncan, American actor (n. 1957)
• 2012: Martín Zapata Fonseca, philosopher and Venezuelan theologian (n. 1966).
• 2012: Griselda Blanco, a drug dealer and a Colombian criminal (n. 1943).
• 2014: Miguel Alcobendas, film director, screenwriter and television director (n. 1939).
• 2014: EunB, singer, composer, dancer and South Korean rapper (n. 1992).
• 2015: Chandra Bahadur Dangi, a Nepalese citizen, the smallest man in the world (n. 1939).
• 2015: Takuma Nakahira Japanese photographer (n. 1938).
• 2016: Miguel Angel Bustillo, Spanish footballer (n. 1934).
• 2018: Pedro Villagra, Spanish actor (n. 1934).
• 2019: Manuel Santander Cahué, chirigotero and author of the hymn of Cadiz CF (n. 1962).

Celebrations

• World Hygiene Day
• Observances related to the losses of the merchant marine in the two world wars:
  • CanadaCanada: Merchant Navy Remembrance Day
  • United KingdomUnited Kingdom: Merchant Navy Day
• Observances related to the commemoration of victory over Japan in China:
  • ChinaChina: Japan Victory of Resistance Day
  • Republic of China: Armed Forces Day
• Australia:
  • Flag Day
• QatarQatar:
  • Independence Day
• San Marino:
  • Fiesta de San Marino y la República
• TunisiaTunisia:
  • Day of the Falls
• Zambia:
  • Levy Mwanawasa Day

Catholic saints list

• St. Gregory I Magnus, Pope and Doctor of the Church (604)
• Santa Febe de Cencreas (s. I)
• Santa Basilisa de Nicomedia, virgin and martyr

(4th century)

• Sandalio de Córdoba, martyr (s. IV)
• San Mansueto de Toul, Bishop (s. IV)
• San Marino del Monte Titano, deacon and anacoreta (s. IV)
• San Macanisio de Hibernia, Bishop (514)
• San Auxano de Milan (589)
• San Vitaliano de Caudium, bishop (s. VII)
• St. Rimagilo of Stavelot, Bishop and Abbot (671)
• San Aigulfo de Lérins and compañeros, monks (675)
• Saint Crodogango of Sees, bishop and martyr (s. VIII)
• Beato Guala de Brescia, Bishop (1244)
• Beato Bartolomé Gutiérrez and five colleagues, martyrs (1632)
• Blessed Brigid of Jesus Morello (1679)
• Blessed Andrew Abel Alricy and seventy-seven, martyrs (1792)
• Blessed Juan Bautista Bottex, Miguel María Francisco de la Gardettte and Francisco Jacinto le Livec de Trésurin, martyrs (1792)
• San Juan Pak Hu-jae and five companions, martyrs (1839)