September 2

September 2 is the 245th (two hundred and forty-fifth) day of the year—the 246th (two hundred and forty-sixth) in leap years—in the Gregorian calendar. There are 120 days left to end the year.

Events

• 44 B.C.: In Egypt, the Pharaoh Cleopatra VII declared regent to his son Tolomeo XV.
• 44 BC: in Rome, Cicero creates the first Philistine directed against Marco Antonio.
• 31 B.C.: In Israel there is an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 in the Richter scale, which sweeps away the town of Jericho and the ancient fortress of Qumran. It is estimated that some 10,000 people died. (See Earthquakes in Antiquity).
• 31 B.C.: In front of the Gulf of Ambracia the Battle of Actium is delivered between the fleet of Cayo Octavio, led by Agripa, and Marco Antonio and his ally Cleopatra.
• 1192: In the port of Jaffa (Palestine) Ricardo I and Saladin sign a treaty ending the Third Crusade.
• 1347: In the village of Messina (Italy), one of the first cases of black death (Bubonic mass) is recorded in Europe, which in fifteen years will kill about 50 million (60 per cent of the population).
• 1519: in Tehucingo, Mexico, the army of the Spanish conqueror Hernán Cortés defeats the 40 000 men of Xicohténcatl.
• 1587: from the port of Buenos Aires (Argentina) to Brazil the first export of that country.
• 1620: From the British port of Plymouth part the Mayflower boat with 102 Puritan pilgrims.
• 1649: The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Inocencio X, ending with the Castro Wars.
• 1666: In London is declared the Great Fire, which destroys the medieval city within the old wall.
• 1667: The first public lighting system is installed in Paris.
• 1752: Britain and its colonies change the calendar to the Gregorian.
• 1789: United States: Congress establishes the Treasury Department.
• 1792: In France, during the well-known massacres of September of the French Revolution, three Catholic bishops and more than 200 religious are killed by monarchist sympathizers.
• 1807: in Copenhagen (Denmark), the British Navy cannons the fleet of Napoleon Bonaparte (second battle in Copenhagen).
• 1820: In Argentina, the battle of Gamonal is waged in the framework of the Argentine civil wars between unitary and federal ones.
• 1841: between Tres Ríos and Cartago (Costa Rica) at 6:30, the “earthquake of San Antolín”, of magnitude 6.4 in the seismological scale of Richter, which occurred in the Lara fault, located north of the city of Cartago. Leave a balance of 38 dead and thousands of (adobe) destroyed. It was the strongest and most destructive of the centuryXIX in that country.
• 1858: in New York, United States, the first transatlantic telegraphic cable ceases to operate. First release on August 5th.
• 1864: In the framework of the U.S. Civil War, the Union States enter Atlanta one day after the confederates entered the city.
• 1867: In Japan, Emperor Meiji married Masako Ichijō. The queen consort will be known as Lady Haruko. In 1914 he would receive the posthumous name of Empress Shōken.
• 1870: During the Franco-Prussian war in the decisive Battle of Sedan, the whole of the French army and its emperor Napoleon III surrender to the Prussians.
• 1885: in Rock Springs (Wyoming, United States), 150 white miners attack their Chinese companions, killing 28, wounding 15, and forcing the rest to leave the city.
• 1898: In Sudan the battle of Omdurman is waged: Britain and Egypt defeat the Sudanese tribes and establish their dominion.
• 1901: In the United States, Theodore Roosevelt pronounces his famous speech “Speak quietly but bear with you a great club (big stick)».
• 1903: In the United States the Herran-Hay Treaty (for the construction of the Panama Canal) is officially launched between the United States and Colombia.
• 1906: in the USA. U.S. the explorer Roald Amundsen reaches the port of Nome (Alaska) after crossing the Arctic N.O.
• 1925: USS Shenandoah is starring, leading to the death of 14 people.
• 1927: Astronomer Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth discovers the asteroid Arabis (1087).
• 1931: in Spain, a group of members of the first two governments of Primo de Rivera are arrested and brought to justice for responsibilities in the dictatorship.
• 1933: Italy and the USSR sign a non-aggression agreement.
• 1939: in the framework of the Second World War: in Poland, after the Nazi invasion, the city of Danzig (now Gdansk) is annexed to Germany.
• 1945: on board the battleship Misuri, Japan signs its surrender, officially ending the Second World War.
• 1945: in the city of Hanoi (capital of Indochina, present Vietnam), HINO Chí Minh states that his country has become independent of France, and proclaims the Democratic People's Republic of Vietnam.
• 1947: in Rio de Janeiro the TIAR (Inter-American Treaty on Reciprocal Assistance) is signed.
• 1947: in Malaga, Spain, the Archaeological Museum is created under the auspices of Juan Temboury.
• 1948: in Medellin, Colombia, the first radio station, Caracol Radio, began its broadcasts.
• 1957: in the area of atomic testing in Nevada (about 100 km northwest of the city of Las Vegas), at 4:40 (local time), the United States detonates its 11 kiloton Galileo atomic bomb at 150 m underground. It is the bomb number 108 of 1132 that the United States detonated between 1945 and 1992.
• 1958: in Havana, the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista murders the young Cuban revolutionary Raúl González Sánchez in front of the Faculty of Dentistry, which currently bears its name.
• 1960: in El Salvador, by order of President José María Lemus, security forces violently enter the University of El Salvador, where they beat and capture the rector, Dr. Napoleón Rodríguez Ruiz, as well as other people who were in the place.
• 1961: in Havana, the National Sports Institute dictates resolution No. 38 that eliminates professional boxing in Cuba.
• 1962: Brazilian footballer Pelé notes the 500th goal of his career.
• 1967: In the Spanish city of Pamplona (province of Navarra), the Estadio El Sadar is inaugurated.
• 1967: on the North Sea, on a British oil platform 10 kilometres from the coast of Suffolk (United Kingdom), a Paddy Roy Bates founded the "Sealand Principality" micronation.
• 1969: at the University of California in Los Angeles (United States), engineering students Stephen Crocker and Vinton Cerf help professor Leonard Kleinrock transfer data from one computer to another.
• 1970: NASA announces the cancellation of two Apollo Program missions to the Moon, Apollo 18 and Apollo 19.
• 1970: In Hanoi (Vietnam)—in the framework of the Vietnam War—the Cuban soccer team beats the Popular Army football team for 3 goals to 1.
• 1971: The selection of Tahiti football golea 30-0 to that of the Cook Islands in a match for the group phase of the South Pacific Games 1971. It was the highest score in international football until 2001, when Australia beat American Samoa 31-0.
• 1987: In the Soviet Union it begins in the trial against the German aviator Mathias Rust, who descended his plane without authorization in the Red Square of Moscow.
• 1989: in Colombia at 6:45, a terrorist attack destroys the premises of the newspaper The Spectator.
• 1990: The Soviet Army begins its withdrawal from the GDR with the departure of the Eighth Armoured Division of Neuruppin.
• 1990: Transnistria unilaterally proclaims itself as a Soviet republic. But Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev will declare the decision null and void.
• 1991: The United States recognizes the independence of the Baltic Republics Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
• 1992: in Nicaragua, an earthquake of magnitude 7.7 on the Richter scale shakes the Pacific coast of the country causing a tsunami that caused at least 116 deaths.
• 1996: In the Philippines, the Government of El Salvador and the FMLN signed a peace agreement after 24 years of confrontation and 120,000 dead.
• 1998: In Peggys Cove, Canada, Swissair Flight 111 crashes, causing the death of 229 people.
• 1998: The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda finds Jean Paul Akayesu, mayor of a city of Rwanda, guilty of nine cases of genocide.
• 2003: Spanish singer Alejandro Sanz, released his seventh studio album titled It's not the same..
• 2007: Marcus Grönholm wins New Zealand Rally for the fifth consecutive year.
• 2008: Google launches Chrome web browser.
• 2011: On Juan Fernández Island, in the Pacific Ocean, 21 people die in an air accident. The victims were military, entrepreneurs and journalists from Chilean television.
• 2016: in Spain Congress rejects in second ballot the inauguration of Mariano Rajoy as president.
• 2018: a fire at the National Museum of Brazil completely destroys the entire historical acquis that the enclosure had accumulated around 200 years.
• 2020: Germany confirms that Russian opponent Alexei Navalni was poisoned with the Novichok toxic agent.
• 2020: French CNRS scientists detect the largest source of gravitational waves to date and its emergence is due to the binary fusion of two black holes.
• 2022: In Argentina, there is an attempt to murder Vice President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.

Births

• 905: Constantine VII, Byzantine emperor (f. 959).
• 1243: Gilbert de Clare, English politician (f. 1147).
• 1548: Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (f. 1616).
• 1661: Georg Böhm, German composer and organist (f. 1733).
• 1675: William Somervile, English poet (f. 1742).
• 1682: Juan Antonio de Vizarron and Eguiarreta, Spanish religious and political (f. 1747).
• 1775: Juan Martín Díez "El Empecinado", hero of the Spanish Independence War.
• 1779: Juan Esteban Lozano de Torres, a Spanish politician (f. 1831).
• 1787: Ippolito Cavalcanti, writer on Italian cuisine and aristocrat (f. 1859).
• 1805: Esteban Echeverría, Argentine poet (f. 1851).
• 1819: Rafael Lucio Nájera, Mexican doctor (f. 1886).
• 1821: George Thurber, American botanist (f. 1890).
• 1823: Antolin Faraldo, a Spanish writer and journalist (f. 1853).

Liliuokalani

Wilhelm Ostwald

• 1838: Liliuokalani, the last Hawaiian queen (f. 1917).
• 1838: Bhaktivinoda Thakur, a religious writer and Bengali writer (f. 1914).
• 1850: Woldemar Voigt, German physicist (f. 1919).
• 1853: Wilhelm Ostwald, German chemist and philosopher, nobel chemistry award in 1909 (nf 1932).
• 1854: Hans Jæger, Norwegian writer and anarchist activist (f. 1910).
• 1859: Firmín Bouisset illustrator and French publicist (f. 1925).
• 1862: Refugio Reyes Rivas, Mexican architect. (f. 1943)
• 1876: Francesc Cambó, a Spanish Catalan politician (f. 1947).
• 1877: Frederick Soddy, British chemist, nobel chemistry award in 1921 (f. 1956).
• 1878: Werner von Blomberg, German military (f. 1946).
• 1891: Santiago Salvat Espasa, Spanish editor (f. 1971).
• 1894: Joseph Roth, Austrian writer (f. 1939).
• 1899: Lluís Pericot García, Spanish archaeologist (f. 1978).
• 1901: Andreas Embirikos, Greek poet and psychoanalyst (f. 1975).
• 1909: Antolin Palomino, Spanish binding (f. 1995).
• 1910: José Ángel Buesa, Cuban poet (f. 1982).
• 1911: Romare Bearden, an American painter (f. 1988).
• 1914: Booker T. Laury, American singer and pianist (f. 1995).
• 1915: Meinhardt Raabe, an American actor (f. 2010).
• 1917: Laurindo Almeida, Brazilian guitarist (f. 1995).
• 1919: Luz Méndez de la Vega, writer, journalist, actress and Guatemalan poetess (f. 2012).
• 1920: Mónica Echeverría, Chilean writer and activist (f. 2020)
• 1920: Palmira Julia Tello, propagandist and Spanish militia (f. 2016)
• 1922: Ramón Vázquez Molezún, Spanish architect (f. 1993).
• 1922: Arthur Ashkin, American physicist, nobel physics award in 2018 (f. 2020).
• 1923: Paul Edwards, Austrian-American philosopher (f. 2004).
• 1923: Ramón Valdés (Don Ramón), Mexican film and television actor (f. 1988).
• 1924: Daniel Arap Moi, Kenyan politician, President of Kenya between 1978 and 2002 (f. 2020).
• 1926: Franco Prosperi, Italian filmmaker.
• 1927: Francis Matthews, British actor (f. 2014).
• 1928: Horace Silver, American jazz pianist (f. 2014).
• 1928: Mel Stuart, American filmmaker.
• 1929: Hal Ashby, American filmmaker (n. 1988).
• 1930: Marcel Lihau, Congolese jurist and politician (f. 1999).
• 1930: François Mahé, French cyclist (f.2015).
• 1933: Rubén Peucelle, Argentine professional fighter (f. 2014).

Welsh actor Victor Spinetti.

• 1933: Victor Spinetti, British actor (f. 2012).
• 1934: Allen Carr, British writer (n. 2006).
• 1935: Horacio Molina, Argentinean singer and tanguero (f.2018).
• 1935: Marc Augé, a French anthropologist.
• 1936: Andrew Grove, American computer (n. 2016).
• 1938: Giuliano Gemma, an Italian actor (f. 2013).
• 1939: Sam Gooden, American singer, of the band The Impressions.
• 1939: Nicolino Locche, Argentine boxer (f. 2005).
• 1939: Jack Lang, French politician.
• 1940: Regis Debray, a French philosopher and writer.
• 1940: Alejandro Rojas-Marcos, Spanish politician.
• 1941: David Bale, a South African activist and businessman (f. 2003).
• 1941: Érika Wallner, Argentine actress (f. 2016).
• 1945: Marzenka Novak, actress, singer and writer from Argentina (f. 2011).
• 1946: Billy Preston, American soul musician (f. 2006).
• 1946: Walter Simonson, American cartoonist and historietist.
• 1946: Abel Caballero, mayor of Vigo, politician, economist and Spanish writer.
• 1947: Pepe Rubianes, Spanish actor (f. 2009).
• 1948: Christa McAuliffe, an American astronaut who died in the Challenger shuttle accident (f. 1986).
• 1948: Nate Archibald, American basketball player.
• 1950: Yuen Wah, Chinese actor.
• 1951: Mark Harmon, American actor.
• 1952: Jimmy Connors, American tennis player.
• 1953: John Zorn, American musician.
• 1954: Humberto Zurita, Mexican actor.
• 1957: Tony Alva, American skater.
• 1958: Olivier Grouillard, French racing driver.

Keanu Reeves

• 1959: Guy Laliberté, Canadian businessman, founder of Cirque du Soleil.
• 1960: Arnaldo Antunes, Brazilian musician and poet.
• 1961: Carlos Valderrama, Colombian footballer.

• 1962: Eugenio Derbez, Mexican actor and comedian.
• 1962: Alonso Lujambio politologia mexicano. (f. 2012)
• 1962: Prachya Pinkaew, Thai director.
• 1964: Keanu Reeves, a Canadian actor born in Lebanon.
• 1964: Santi Orúe, Spanish hysterist.

Salma Hayek

• 1965: Lennox Lewis, British boxer.
• 1966: Dino Cazares, American musician.
• 1966: Salma Hayek, Mexican actress.
• 1966: Olivier Panis, French car driver.
• 1967: Andreas Möller, German footballer.
• 1968: Kristen Cloke, American actress.
• 1968: Cynthia Watros, American actress.
• 1969: Gabriel Manelli, Argentinian bassist, of the Babasonic band (f. 2008).
• 1970: Nacho Rodríguez, Spanish basketball player.
• 1971: Kjetil André Aamodt, Norwegian skier.
• 1972: Silvia Gemignani, Italian triathle.
• 1973: Pawan Kalyan, Indian actor.
• 1977: Frédéric Kanouté, a French footballer nationalized in Mali.
• 1979: Andrea Galante, Argentine actress.
• 1980: Hiroki Yoshimoto, Japanese racing pilot.
• 1982: Joey Barton, British footballer.
• 1985: Robert Veselovsky, Slovak footballer.

Zedd

• 1987: Spencer Smith, American drummer, Panic At The Disco.
• 1988: Javi Martínez, Spanish footballer.
• 1988: Dimitrij Ovtcharov, German table tennis player.
• 1988: Ibrahim Šehić, Bosnian footballer.
• 1989: Alexandre Pato, Brazilian footballer.
• 1989: Luis Carlos Peña Díaz (Felo), singer, actor and Mexican psychologist.
• 1989: Zedd, DJ and musical producer of Russian origin.
• 1990: Marcus Ericsson, Swedish Formula 1 pilot.

The 'Dibu' Emiliano Martínez

• 1990: Darren Mattocks, Jamaican footballer.
• 1991: Christian Bethancourt, Panamanian baseball player.
• 1991: Davy Pröpper, Dutch footballer.
• 1991: Gyasi Zardes, American footballer.
• 1992: Emiliano 'Dibu' Martínez, Argentine footballer.
• 1995: Willy Adames, Dominican baseball player.
• 1997: Mireia Vilapuig, Spanish actress.
• 1999: Jesús Gómez Villadiego, Spanish athlete.
• 1999: Santisouk Inthavong, Laosian swimmer.
• 1999: Moeka Kijima, Japanese swimmer.
• 1999: Zhang Yijie, Chinese actor.
• 1999: Karol Ostrowski, Polish swimmer.
• 1999: Alejandro Losada Rodríguez, Spanish taekwondista.
• 1999: Ella Toone, English footballer.
• 2001: Maciej Rosołek, Polish footballer.
• 2001: Paul Mbong, Maltese footballer.

Deaths

• 421: Constantine III, military and Roman emperor (n.?).
• 1274: Munetaka, Japanese shogun (n. 1242).
• 1397: Francesco Landini, Italian composer (n. 1325).
• 1482: Filiberto I de Saboya, Duke of Saboya (n. 1465).
• 1502: Ahuízotl, Mexican Aztec ruler (n.?).
• 1540: Lebna Dengel, Ethiopian king (n. 1501).
• 1651: Kösem Sultan, the most powerful woman in Ottoman history (n. 1590).
• 1652: José de Ribera, a Spanish painter (n. 1591).
• 1690: Philip William of Neoburg, German ruler (n. 1615).
• 1792: María Luisa de Saboya-Carignan, aristocrat french (n. 1749).
• 1813: Jean Victor Marie Moreau, French general (n. 1763).
• 1834: Thomas Telford, Scottish engineer (n. 1757).
• 1840: Franz Julius Ferdinand Meyen, German physician and botanist (n. 1804).
• 1845: Bernardino Rivadavia, first Argentine president (n. 1780).
• 1856: Luis de la Rosa Oteiza, Mexican politician (n. 1804)
• 1865: William Rowan Hamilton, Irish mathematician (n. 1805).
• 1877: Konstantinos Kanaris, Greek admiral (n. 1790).
• 1910: The customsman Rousseau (Henrí Rousseau), a French painter (n. 1844).
• 1934: Russ Columbo, singer, violinist and American actor (n. 1908).
• 1934: Alcide Núñez, an American musician (n. 1884).
• 1934: Miguel Morilla El Atarfeño, Spanish bullfighter (n. 1909).
• 1937: Pierre de Coubertín, aristocrat and French historian, founder of the modern Olympic Games (n. 1863).
• 1948: Sylvanus Morley, American spy and archaeologist (n. 1883).
• 1962: José Gascón and Marín, Spanish politician (n. 1875).

HINO Chí Minh in 1946.

• 1969: Hide Chí Minh, poet and politician founder of the Vietnamese Communist Party, and President of Vietnam (n. 1890).
• 1970: Mercedes Llopart, Spanish lyric singer (n. 1895).
• 1970: Margarete Depner, painter, sculptor and Romanian patrons (n. 1885).
• 1972: John Hutchinson, botanist, taxomo and British writer (n. 1884).
• 1973: J. R. R. Tolkien, fantasy writer and British linguist, author of The lord of the rings (n. 1892).
• 1978: Juan L. Ortiz, Argentine writer and poet (n. 1896).
• 1982: Ada Wójcik, Soviet actress (n. 1905)

Maruja Pacheco Huergo.

• 1983: Maruja Pacheco Huergo, actress and Argentine music (n. 1916).
• 1985: Abe Lenstra, a Dutch footballer (n. 1920).
• 1985: Anna Banti, Italian writer (n. 1895).
• 1991: Alfonso García Robles, Mexican diplomat and politician, Nobel Peace Prize in 1982 (n. 1911).
• 1992: Barbara McClintock, American geneticist (n. 1902).
• 1994: Roy Castle, British entertainer (n. 1932).
• 1995: Václav Neumann, director of Czech orchestra and musician (n. 1920).
• 1997: Rudolf Bing, a British opera company born in Austria (n. 1902).
• 1997: Viktor Frankl, Austrian psychiatrist, founder of logotherapy (n. 1905).
• 1999: Virginia Gutiérrez de Pineda, was a Colombian anthropologist (n. 1921).
• 2000: Vicente Asensi, Spanish footballer (n. 1919).
• 2001: Christiaan Barnard, a South African surgeon, first to perform a heart transplant (n. 1922).
• 2001: Troy Donahue, American actor (n. 1936).
• 2002: Tomás Zori, a Spanish comic (n. 1925).
• 2004: Joan Oró, a Spanish scientist (n. 1923).
• 2005: Bob Denver, American actor (n. 1935).
• 2006: Craig Cline, American blogger and computer (n. 1951).
• 2006: Bob Mathias, American athlete (n. 1930).
• 2006: Silverio Pérez, Mexican bullfighter (n. 1915).
• 2006: Dewey Redman, American jazz musician (n. 1931).
• 2007: Diego Cháfer, Spanish cyclist (n. 1913).
• 2009: Christian Poveda, photographer and Spanish-French filmmaker, murdered in El Salvador (n. 1955).
• 2010: Germán Dehesa, a Mexican writer, journalist and editor (n. 1944).
• 2011: Felipe Camiroaga, Chilean TV presenter; air accident on Juan Fernández Island (n. 1966).
• 2011: Roberto Bruce, Chilean journalist (n. 1979).
• 2011: Felipe Cubillos, Chilean businessman (n. 1962).
• 2012: Sun-Myung Moon, South Korean religious leader (n. 1920).
• 2013: Carlos Lorca, Argentine actor (n. 1939).
• 2013: Ronald Coase, British economist (n. 1910).
• 2013: Frederik Pohl, American writer (n. 1919).
• 2013: Isidro Sánchez, Spanish footballer (n. 1936).
• 2014: Daniel Diceta, Spanish actor (n. 1937).
• 2016: Islom Karimov, Uzbek President (n. 1938).
• 2016: Francisco Alvarez Martín (Paco Taranto), Spanish singer (n. 1940)
• 2020: David Graeber, American anthropologist and anarchist (n. 1961).
• 2020: Wanda Seux, vedette and Mexican actress of Paraguayan origin (n. 1948)
• 2020: Agustin Radrizzani, Argentinian Archbishop (n. 1944).
• 2021: Mikis Theodorakis, composer, intellectual and political Greek (n. 1925)

Celebrations

• Argentina:
  • Industry Day
• United States:
  • Victoria Day on Japan
  • National Cranberry Paleta Day
• VietnamVietnam:
  • Independence Day
• Nicaragua:
  • Army Day

Catholic saints list

• Saint Zenon of Nicomedia, martyr (s. III)
• Santos Teodota, Evodio, Hermosgenes and Calixto de Nicea, martyrs (s. IV)
• San Habib de Edesa, deacon and martyr (322)
• San Antonino de Apamea, martyr (s. IV)
• Saint Prospero of Tarragona, bishop (s. IV)
• Santos Justo y Viator de Lyon (381)
• San Nonoso de Soracte, abad (570)
• Saint Siagrium of Autun, bishop (599)
• Agricultural of Avignon, Bishop (700)
• St. Elpidio de Piceno (s. XI)
• Saints Alberto and Vito de Pontida, monks (1096)
• Beato Brocardo del Monte Carmelo, prior (1231)
• Beata Ingrid Elofsdotter (1282)
• Blessed Juan María de Lau d’Allemans, Francisco José de la Rochefoucauld, Pedro Ludovico de la Rochefoucauld and ninety-three companions, martyrs (1792)
• Blessed Peter James Mary Vitalis and twenty companions, martyrs (1792)