Second millennium

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From the left, in time sense: in 1492, Christopher Columbus opened the way for the New World from Spain, marking the beginning of the Modern Age; The American Revolution of 1776 founded one of the most powerful countries on the planet, the United States; the French Revolution shows the world of destruction on a large scale of the social classes; the Atomic Bomb of the Second World War, the most deadly conflict in history, changes everything to establish the notionXIX In terms of expansionism and modernization; Alexander Graham Bell's phone changes the way the world communicates, both locally and remotely; in 1348, the Black plague killed more than 100 million people around the world, and half of the European population; as a backdrop, a fragment of the Gutenberg Bible, the first book that was printed in the mid 1450s.

The second millennium began on January 1, 1001 AD. C. and ended on December 31, 2000 d. C. It was the previous millennium and it is the millennium in which human society has evolved the most since the first hominids stopped being nomads.

During this millennium the most important dates in universal history take place: 1453, fall of the Eastern Roman Empire to the Turks; 1492, accidental discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, who intended to reach the Indies; 1789, the French Revolution that would cause a drastic democratic change in most Western countries and 1945, the end of the Second World War, the most important war in history and that would give way to universal suffrage, declaration of human rights and the creation of a world community, among others. The Industrial Revolution of the mid-century XVIII marked a before and after in human history, initiating a series of enormous technological changes, demographic, social and philosophical worldwide. He was also one of the main catalysts for the "Great Divergence," a term that describes the cultural, political and technological ascent of Europe ("the West") over the other civilizations, which all ended up being victims of some kind of colonization at some point. Events such as the Scientific Revolution (XVI century) the appearance of the Internet (1969) radically changed the way of life of humans with respect to their counterparts of a few centuries ago.

In Europe, the first half of the millennium was marked by the end of feudalism after the devastating Black Death and Crisis of the 14th century to make way for more centralized and absolutist states. The end of trade with the East (fall of Constantinople) and the various social and economic changes resulted in the Age of Discovery and the rise of the first Colonial Empires in the New World, a period in which humanity first explored the entirety of the world. of the planet. In Asia, the expansion of the Mongol Empire and its devastating effects on China and the Islamic world stand out.

In the second half of the millennium, knowledge expanded significantly in all scientific fields: physics thanks to Galileo, Copernicus, Newton or Einstein; biology with Pasteur, Hooke or Darwin; astronomy, thanks to the aforementioned Galileo, Kepler or Edmund Halley. Thanks to these advances at the end of the millennium, man set foot on the Moon for the first time (1969), also known as the Space Revolution. It was also a period of ideological revolutions such as the Protestant Reformation (16th century) or the Enlightenment (18th century). The first steps of globalization were taken and the war conflicts progressively increased in scale and magnitude, finally culminating in World Wars. World politics will be dominated by France and England (later transformed into the United Kingdom), who clashed for most of the millennium (from the Norman Conquest of 1066 to the Congress of Vienna in 1815).

The last two centuries of the millennium were the most transformative period in all of human history. Unprecedented Industrialization and Urbanization took place and the old monarchical regimes that had dominated the majority of humanity for several millennia were put to an end to enter a new era of Liberalism, Nationalism and Democracy in the majority of the world. The Second Industrial Revolution brought about the greatest technological boom in history, which accelerated dramatically in the 20th century. In that century, it only took 66 years to go from the first airplane flight (1903) to landing on the Moon (1969). Finally, Globalization occurred, thanks to which a large part of humanity was connected to each other in a way never seen before.

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