Santiago, Dominican Republic)

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Santiago, also known as Santiago de los Caballeros, is the second most populous city in the Dominican Republic and fourth in the Caribbean area. In addition to being the capital of the Province of Santiago, is the metropolis of the Cibao region. Its population, as of September 2020, was 691,262 inhabitants according to the National Statistics Office of the Dominican Republic.

Location

It is the second largest municipality in the Dominican Republic, the head municipality of the Santiago province, and the main metropolitan center of the northern region, or Cibao. The city is located in the north-central region of the country known as Valle del Cibao, about 155 km northwest of Santo Domingo and at an average altitude of 178 masl. It has a total area of 612 km².

Toponymy

When in 1515 by order of the governor fray Nicolás de Ovando the primitive settlement was transferred from the banks of the Yaque del Norte river to the Solar de Jacagua, the Spaniards who had called the town Santiago, in memory of the Galician city Santiago de Compostela, they added of the Thirty Knights, because its first settlers were 30 knights of the Order of Santiago el Mayor.

Geography

Santiago sits on rugged terrain in the center of the Cibao Valley in the central region of the Dominican Republic, some of the most fertile land found on the island. The Yaque del Norte River passes through Santiago de los Caballeros, which is located between the Cordillera Central and the Cordillera Septentrional, two of the three great mountain ranges that form the Cibao Valley.

Limits

Neighboring municipalities:

	North: Bisonó, Villa González, Altamira and Puerto Plata
West: Mao and San José de las Matas		This: Tamboril, Middle Licey and Puñal
	South: Jánico, Sabana Iglesia and La Vega

Municipal districts

It is made up of the municipal districts of:

Name	Code
Santiago	01250101
Pedro García	01250102
Baitoa	01250104
The Cinnamon	01250105
San Francisco de Jacagua	01250106
Hato del Yaque	01250107

History

Cathedral of Santiago Apostle

In 1495, Christopher Columbus founded, during his second voyage, the fort of Santiago, on the east bank of the Yaque del Norte river. In 1506, the town that was formed around it was transferred to the banks of the Jacagua River. In 1562, Santiago de los 30 Caballeros is destroyed by an earthquake. The survivors settle on the land adjacent to the Yaque del Norte River, the current location of the city. When the Royal Privilegio de Concesion de Armas was granted to the Villa de Santiago in Hispaniola in 1508, the heraldic figure that was included in its shield was the scallop. The Royal Decree, signed by King Ferdinand the Catholic as administrator of the kingdoms of his daughter Juana I of Castile.

The municipality has witnessed important historical events, among which it is worth mentioning the battle of March 30 (1844) or battle of Santiago, with which the Dominicans consolidated their independence from the neighboring Republic of Haiti, and took place in the current Imbert Park of this city.

Santiago was an important strategic city in the Dominican War of Independence and was the capital of the Dominican Republic during the Restoration War (1863-1865).

The domination of the French by the Peace of Basel (which ceded the Spanish part of the island to France in 1795 and which was not fulfilled until January 12, 1801) left its mark on Santiago. The municipality began planning a modern urban area. European neoclassicism is represented in the Palacio Consistorial, built between 1892 and 1895, by the Belgian architect Luis Bogaert. The Victorian era was the height of architecture in the city. Numerous residences were built in the elegant European neoclassical style that make up the historic center of Santiago de los Treinta Caballeros.

Climate

The average temperature varies little in the city, due to the tropical trade winds that help to mitigate the heat and humidity throughout the year. December and January are the coldest months and July and August are the hottest. The municipality and the rest of the country are located in the Caribbean and have a tropical climate, which, together with the altitude of the city, 183 meters above sea level, causes cloudy conditions to persist for much of the year. The city and the country are also part of the hurricane zone, however, the municipality is more protected than in other parts of the country due to its location in the Cibao Valley.

The extreme temperatures (records) are: 41.0 °C (105.8 °F), maximum temperature recorded on September 13, 1960; and 11.2 °C (52.2 °F), minimum temperature recorded on January 31, 1987.

Average climate parameters of Santiago
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Temp. max. abs. (°C)	36	40	41	41	42	38	42	40	38	43	39	33	43
Average temperature (°C)	31	33	34	36	33	32	34	33	31	32	32	29	32.5
Average temperature (°C)	28	30	30	29	29	27	30	29	28	30	29	25	28.7
Temp. medium (°C)	24	25	23	22	24	22	23	23	23	24	23	20	23
Temp. min. abs. (°C)	16	19	18	17	18	16	19	20	18	19	18	16	15
Rains (mm)	14	10	24	33	19	138	155	172	144	102.	44	35	890
Days of rain (≥ 1 mm)	2	3	6	6	4	8	13	12	12	5	5	5	81
Hours of sun	199	228	205	191	202	188	202	230	205	223	202	188	2463
Relative humidity (%)	74	75	75	74	76	75	76	74	76	76	77	75	75.3
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Economy

Haché Building, known as Haché Square. It is a very popular shopping center of the city.

The municipality of Santiago depends to a large extent on fertile land and a predominantly service-providing economy. This makes Santiago an important economic and financial center of the Dominican Republic. The services sector has grown a lot in recent years, which is ideal for further expansion. Santiago is the second largest municipality in the Dominican Republic by GDP, importance and population after Santo Domingo and at the same time produces the highest percentage of GDP from telecommunications, such as: mobile phones, cable service, internet service and other services that They are important for the Cibao economy. Tourism also represents an important portion of the city's economy due to its historical evolution and its monumental architecture.

The economy of the municipality is sustained mainly by the commercialization and industrialization of agricultural products and finished goods, production of goods in free zones, and by trade. Headquarters and branches of the country's main stores, supermarkets, restaurants and financial institutions are located in the city. The city has several shopping malls and multinational companies.

The Mercado Modelo on Calle del Sol is a shopping center where there are a variety of handicraft shops and native items made by hand.

Casco Urbano de Santiago.

Growth and development

Like Santo Domingo, the municipality has recently experienced a time of rapid growth and development. It has become a city of great importance for the nation and the development of the Cibao region. Santiago, like any other rapidly growing city, faces numerous problems including irregular electricity and potable water service. The population of Santiago de los Treinta Caballeros is approximately 1.5 million inhabitants. The fastest growing neighborhood in the city of Santiago de los 30 Caballeros is Cienfuegos and the upper-class sector La Trinitaria.

Arts and culture

Architecture

The Monument to the Heroes of Restoration built in 1944 has become the emblem of the city.

Cathedral of Santiago Apóstol: it was built in 1895 by Onofre de Lora, a native architect of the city. Considered the eclectic monument par excellence in the city, it preserves one of the only two copies that exist in the world of the famous sculpture "La Piedad", by Michelangelo. Oriented from East to West, and occupying the space reserved for the parish church since the third foundation of the city in 1562. It consists of three naves, of which the largest, with a barrel vault, is crowned in the apse by a dome, On whose pendentives you can see the painting of the Four Apostles, works by the Italian artist Hugo.

Hermanos Patiño Bridge: it is both the largest and oldest bridge in the city that connects the north and south of the city. Its construction was started by Rafael Leónidas Trujillo and it was inaugurated in 1962, one year after his death. The bridge is named after the five brothers who died in an effort to end the dictatorship of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo in the Dominican Republic in the mid-20th century. The Patiño family's anti-Trujillo legacy did not begin with the brothers, but with their father who was assassinated in 1931 in the first insurrection against Trujillo.

Monument to the Heroes of the Restoration: it is located on a hill with a spectacular view of the entire city of Santiago, it is 67 meters (220 feet) high and is made entirely of marble. The construction of the monument began in 1944 by order of the then dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina, which was called the Monumento a la Paz de Trujillo. Trujillo was assassinated in 1961, and the monument was renamed Monument to the Heroes of the Restoration, in honor of the Restoration War of 1863 whose main episodes took place in Santiago; in it the Dominican Republic recovered its independence from Spain to which it was annexed.

Places of Interest

Centro Español, Inc.: founded on December 5, 1965, is a social and sports club, created by Spanish emigrants who settled in the Cibao in the early twentieth century.

Santiago Country Club: it is a sport, social and cultural society created non-profit on October 14, 1931.

Centro Cultural Domínico-Americano: It is located on the Av. Star Sadhalá # 101. CCDA is a binational, cultural and educational institution founded on 23 June 1962, led by a Board of Directors.

Other places of interest are:

Front facade of the Great Cibao Theatre.

Art House.
House of Culture.
Centro de la Cultura de Santiago.
Club Amaposan
Cibao Stadium.
Great Cibao Sand.
Great Cibao Theatre.
Gallery 37 by the Tables.
Monument of Santiago.

LA 37 POR LAS TABLAS:La 37 por las Tablas, Inc. is an independent, private Cultural Space that was created with the intention of promoting the exercise, study and enjoyment of the Performing Arts. Located in the historic center of the city of Santiago de los Caballeros in the Dominican Republic. It has been a recognized scenario in the country for the meeting between Dominican and foreign artists, with the aim of fusing, feeding and confronting aesthetics and seeking new routes for the theater. One of our greatest achievements at the Experimental School of Performing Arts that instructs those interested in Theater and Lyrical Singing.

Playful and recreational activities are constantly developed with a wide extension to the community, through artistic seedbeds, exhibitions, poetry readings, concerts and presentations by local, national and international theater and musical groups and companies. La 37 is a house of art for art, a space for reflection, communication and theatrical exploration from the Caribbean.

Founded in 1999 by María Ligia Grullón, Ricardo Grullón, Dulce de Grullón and members of the Teatro Estudio de La 37. It opens its doors to the General Public in 2002, providing a new space for the Performing Arts and the Arts in General. As well as our offers of disciplines that contribute to value and improve our quality of life.

Museums

In Santiago there are some interesting museums that show the culture of this city. Some of them are:

Yoryi Morel Folk Museum: This museum is located in the Historic Center of Santiago on Restoration Street. It exhibits the culture of the carnival of Santiago, and shows some interesting garments used by the piglets of the carnival, as well as those used in other provinces. The museum is named after Dominican painter Yoryi Morel.
Tobacco Museum: is located in the center of the city. It has different manufacturing methods, as well as the effect of tobacco plantations throughout the history of the city.
Historical Museum fortress San Luis: is located opposite the Yaque del Norte River in the southwest of Santiago. Formerly this building served as a municipal prison and is one of the oldest fortresses in the Cibao region.
Museum of the Heroes of Restoration: is located within the Monument to the Heroes of Restoration. It shows the photos of the Restoration War 1863-1865. Battle between the Dominican Republic and the Spanish army.

The Centro León aims to exhibit and disseminate Dominican artistic and cultural achievements

Centro Cultural Eduardo León Jimenes: located on 27th Avenue. It shows the elements of the Caribbean and Dominican Republic cultures, Dominican natural history, the evolution and culture of native Indians. In addition, art exhibitions of different Dominican and international artists are regularly held. It consists of three permanent exhibition rooms: Identity Signs, a room with Genesis and trajectory (that every two years exhibits the selected works of the Eduardo Leon Jimenes Art Contest) and a temporary exhibition hall. In its gardens is located the Patio Caribeño, where tertulias and projections of events of interest, as well as live presentations. The museum is under the authority of the Leon Jimenes Foundation (owners of the Dominican National Brewery, as well as the Tabaco León Jimenes Industry).
Museum of Folk Art Tomás Morel: in this place you can admire articles related to folklore and everyday aspects of the life of the home of Santiago from the colonial era until 1960. It contains a collection of mattress masks, representation of the carnival santiaguense. It is located on Restoration Street.
Centro de la Cultura de Santiago: is the place where cultural manifestations and activities related to the beautiful arts are cited. There are exhibitions of paintings, sculptures, theatre presentations, ballet, concerts, among others. It also functions as an art teaching centre, in its different manifestations. It is also the house of one of the best Folk Ballets in the country, The Folk Ballet of Santiago. It is located on the street of the Sun corner Antonio Guzmán.

Road infrastructure

Santiago de los Caballeros has an extensive road infrastructure which allows its inhabitants to navigate skillfully through the main streets and avenues of the city. Among the main avenues we can find:

Autopista Juan Pablo Duarte
Avenida Salvador Estrella Sadhalá
Avenida Circunvalación/ Av. Yaque Viewer
27th Avenue of February
Hispano-American Avenue
Avenida Circunvalación Norte
Avenida Juan Pablo Duarte
Avenida Bartolomé Colón
Gregorio Luperón Avenue
Las Carreras Avenue
Calle del Sol
Street Restoration
Avenida Antonio Guzmán
Avenida Rafael Vidal

Health

In the area of health, the municipality has the main public hospitals in the region:

Medical Centre James Apostle.
Medical Centre Cibao.
Comprehensive Health Centre Bella Vista.
Clinic Dr. Bonilla.
Clinic Corominas.
Clinic Northern Medical Union.
Hospital Metropolitano de Santiago (HOMS).
Pediatric Hospital Arturo Grullón.
Regional University Hospital José María Cabral y Báez.
Instituto Materno Infantil y Especialidades San Martín De Porres.
Institute of Reproduction and Gynaecology Cibao (IREGCI).
Hospital De Especialidades Medicina Materno Infantil Dr Paulino Reyes (HEMMI).

Education

Building of Technology and Permanent Education at the Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra.

Main entrance to the PUCMM Campus.

Santiago is home to several universities: The Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra is the first private university in the country and one of the most important in the Dominican Republic.

Other universities based in this city are:

Technological University of Santiago (UTESA).
Open University for Adults (UAPA).
Universidad Instituto Superior de Agricultura (ISA).
National Evangelical University (UNEV).

Other higher education institutions that have campuses in Santiago de los 30 Caballeros are:

Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo enclosure Santiago (UASD).
Organization and Method University (O sellM).
APEC University.

Institutes:

Polytechnic Institute Prof. Rafaela Pérez
Centro Cultural Dominico Americano.
National Institute of Professional Technical Training (INFOTEP).
Polytechnic Institute The Hope (IPLE).
Polytechnic Institute Our Lady of the Mercedes.
Polytechnic Institute Our Lady of the Carmen (Father Zegrí).
Instituto Politécnico Industrial Don Bosco (IPIDBOSCO).
Instituto Politécnico Industrial Salesiano (IPISA).
Higher Institute Salomé Ureña Emilio Prud Homme (ISFODOSU).
Technological Institute Mexico (IPOME).

Secondary High Schools:

Liceo Eugenio Deschamps.
Liceo Onésimo Jiménez.
Liceo Roberto Duverge Mejia, Ensanche Mirador Sur.
Liceo Ulysses Francisco Espaillat (UFE).
Liceo Víctor Manuel Espaillat Mera.
Liceo School Brother Michael.
Night Liceum Herminia Pérez Vda. Pimentel.
Night Liceum Jacagua Middle.
Night Liceum San Francisco Arriba.
Technical Liceu Pastor Down
Liceo Julio Alberto Hernández.

Private schools:

College "Sacred Heart of Jesus."
Educational Centre Baldera Gil.
College Father Fortín.
College Quisqueya.
College Santa Ana.
College James Apostle.
Dominican College.
Dominican College The Salle.
Colegio Padre Emiliano Tardif.
El laurel School of Education.
Institute Iberia.
Institute for Integral Development Leonardo Da Vinci.
Evangelical Institute.
Christian Teaching Center.
Colegio Bilingüe CEPOINT.

Sports

Cibao Stadium of the Cibaean Eagles seen from the right garden bleachers.

Baseball is the most popular sport played in Santiago. The city's baseball team is Águilas Cibaeñas. In addition to baseball, basketball is also played at a professional level in the city of Santiago, the city's team is Metros de Santiago. The institution in charge of organizing these events is the Santiago Basketball Association (ABASACA).

Soccer is another sport with a presence in the municipality, with Cibao FC being its representative team in the Dominican Soccer League. The football regulatory body in Santiago is the Santiago Football Association (ASOFUTSA)

Volleyball also has a place in the city. The women's volleyball team have claimed two bronze medals in the Dominican Volleyball League.

Other important sports in which the city stands out are softball, ping pong, karate, among others.

Predecessor: Havana	Central American and Caribbean City 1986	Successor: Mexico City

Media

Local Radio Stations

Monumental 100.3 FM
N 103.5 FM
Fulll 94.1 FM
KV 94.7 FM
Bakana 105.9 FM
Mortal 99.1 FM
Original 107.9 FM
La Kalle 96.3 FM
Leader 92.7 FM
Turbo 98.3 FM
Suave 107.3 FM
Clave 95.9 FM
KeBuena 105.5 FM
Premiun 101.1 FM
Concert 93.1 FM
The New 106.9 FM
La Urbe 97.5 FM
Flow 90.1 FM
Criolla 106.1 FM
Digital Fm.95.5

Written press

The National
Information

Transportation

Sister cities

The municipality has twinning agreements with the following cities:

Havana, Cuba
Mayagüez (Puerto Rico)
San Juan (Puerto Rico)
San Salvador (El Salvador)
Santiago de Compostela (Spain)

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