San Miguel de Tucuman

San Miguel de Tucumán, sometimes simply called Tucumán, is the capital of the province of Tucumán, located in the northwest of the Argentine Republic, 1,311 km from The city of Buenos Aires. It is located very close to the right bank of the Salí River, also called the Dulce River. The Garden of the Republic and Cradle of Argentine Independence, are its best-known nicknames.

It is the fifth largest city in Argentina, after Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Rosario, and Mendoza. It is also the most important city in the Norte Grande Argentino region. Its growth has exceeded the original limits, leading it to occupy territories of the surrounding departments in all directions, thus giving rise to the Greater San Miguel de Tucumán conurbation, which is located, according to the 2010 census, as the fifth largest city. largest in the country.

Its historical importance is mainly due to the fact that it was in this city where the Declaration of Independence of Argentina was produced, on July 9, 1816. That is why, since 1991, by decree no. 81 of the National Executive Power, on July 8 and 9 of each year, the city of San Miguel de Tucumán symbolically becomes the capital of the country.

Toponymy

The name San Miguel is Spanish and honors the Archangel Michael.

The etymologies of the origin of the word Tucumán are so far very varied:

• According to some scholars, it derives from a word composed in the Lule language: tucu-manita to be translated by where the tucu abounds, being the tucu-tucu the name of the coleopter with luminiscent organs.
• Another denomination—also of lule etymology—is the word composite yukkuman or Yakuman, which translates to “to go where the water abounds or gathers” (“place of the rivers”); where yaku means "water" and man means "to go." Others instead understand the same etymology as "place where the waters are born".
• Another possible etymology comes from the word in cacán—the tongue of the diaguites— Tukma-naowhich would mean "people" or "territory of Tukma"—being Tukma the name of an old diaguite boss—although it is not clear what the name Tukma has, since most of the cacán vocabulary has been lost, although it is very likely that in cacán Tukma Like tucu means "luminous."
• As others understand the term tukkumanao (the term allegedly Quechua) that translated would mean "border territory", thus indicating to this region as a confine of the Inca Empire.

History

View of the Plaza Independencia de San Miguel de Tucumán at the end of the centuryXIX. They highlight the building of the old Cabildo and the Temple of San Francisco. It can be observed that the center of the square is the statue of General Manuel Belgrano, which would then be moved to the square that bears its name and replaced by the statue of the freedom of the sculptor Lola Mora.

The first foundation of the city of San Miguel de Tucumán and New Land of Promise took place on May 31, 1565 by Diego de Villarroel in the so-called Campos de Ibatín site (about 60 km southwest of the center of the current city), close to the current city of Monteros. In 1578, the Solcos aborigines (of the Calchaquí culture), led by the chief Gualán, came very close to completely razing the city.[2]

The permanent indigenous attacks were one of the reasons for the transfer and definitive settlement of the city on September 29, 1685 to the place then called by the Spanish as La Toma (Drinking water intake from the river, in what is now the historic center of the city) near the Salí River bed. Other reasons for the transfer were the poor quality of the waters of the Ibatín river that caused the disease called "coto&# 3. 4; and the shift to the east of the Camino Real that connected Upper Peru with the Río de la Plata, on the other hand, this move to the northeast of the city put it more at the shelter of the Calchaquíes.

The foundational layout responded to the scheme widespread in Latin America in the XVI and XVIII consisting of a regular checkerboard that in Ibatín was 7x7 blocks and in the place then called "La Toma" (practically in the current center of the city) was expanded to 9x9 with the square in the center, streets of 12 varas and round streets of 24 varas with Plaza Independencia in the center. In its perimeter were located the public functions - the Cabildo - and the religious ones - the Mother Church and the Jesuit Church and Convent - as well as the higher-ranking homes and shops.

"Tucumán 1812", oil by Gerardo L. Flores Ivaldi that represents the current Independence Square in 1812. You can see the Cabildo of Tucumán and the church of San Francisco

Because of the founding of San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca on July 5, 1683, the city of San Miguel de Tucumán had to cede its jurisdiction over Santa Rosa and the valleys of Singuil and Catamarca.

On September 24, 1812, the decisive battle of Tucumán was fought in the vicinity of the then very small city. The realistic and pro-realist counterattack, which had been launched from Upper Peru, seemed unstoppable. The hosts under the command of Pío Tristán met the patriots under the command of Manuel Belgrano, the Argentine general had been ordered by the government installed in Buenos Aires to retreat to the city of Córdoba, but the Tucuman population massively asked Belgrano to resist and prevent the new "realist" invasion.

Briefing at the home of Diego de Villarroel, founder of San Miguel de Tucumán at Puente del Arzobispo, Spain

San Martín Street, when it was called Las Heras in the center of Tucumán

Basilica of Our Lady of Merced.

General Belgrano, whose troops were almost unarmed and exhausted, although reinforced by the "gauchaje" local, calling themselves "the determined of Tucumán", resolved an action as bold as it was intelligent (despite having no military training), thanks to the "baqueanos" or "baquianos" from the city unexpectedly took the attackers who were already victorious from the rear and defeated them absolutely, thus ensuring the independence of Argentina (after the victory in Tucumán, the same Argentine troops under the command of Belgrano achieved the victory of Salta, which Except for sporadic attacks, it left the entire territory south of the Pilaya River, that is, the northern limit of Tarija, exempt from Spanish troops.

Because he was very devoted to the Virgen de la Merced, Belgrano prayed at length at the foot of her image before the battle. And after the victory in a public ceremony and procession, he handed over the command baton of the Argentine army to Our Lady of Mercy, naming her "Virgin General of the Argentine Army".

Many historians say that the battle was chaotic, that the first confrontations were defining the battle in favor of the royalists, who had many more men, well equipped, prepared and experienced soldiers, better and more supplied with weapons; and with a general with a solid military background and vast experience in combat. But unexpectedly a sleeve of locusts hit, something relatively common at that time but not of such magnitude, this fact disoriented the royalist forces, and added to the fact that a group of patriots had taken the powder keg from the Goths, decided the battle. Some say that the confusion was such that Belgrano believed he had been defeated until he was informed of the seizure of the powder magazine. It is due to this fact that Belgrano recognized victory in the supernatural aid and decided to hand over his baton.

After these battles, Belgrano installed his headquarters in a circular fortress with five bastions called "La Ciudadela", located just over a kilometer southwest of the current Plaza Independencia (the old Plaza Mayor of San Miguel de Tucumán).

Being the headquarters of the patriots and being located in an intermediate geographical situation between the Río de la Plata and the so-called Republiquetas of Alto Peru and Santa Cruz de la Sierra, the city of San Miguel del Tucumán was chosen for the meeting of the Congress of Independence. On July 9, 1816, the Congress meeting in San Miguel de Tucumán declared Argentina's independence from Spain and from all other foreign domination. This fact meant the concrete birth of a new nation. The declaration was carried out in the so-called Historic House (also called the House of Independence or House of Tucumán).

Towards 1850 the city had partly exceeded the initial layout and in the 1870s its expansion and new limits for this layout were proposed, which materialized in the boulevards, today central avenues. In those 1870s, the railway arrived in the city of Tucumán and for the construction of the stations in the four directions, peripheral land to the urban plan was foreseen.

By the end of the XIX century, the "iron belt" from which the city has not yet been able to get rid of. The immigration of Spaniards, Arabs, Jews, and Italians who settled in the region had a great impact on the architecture, which gradually set aside the colonial style and built neoclassicism, eclecticism, and picturesqueness to replace it.

Demolition of the former Tucumán Cabildo, to begin what would be the current government house, in 1908.

In the early 1900s, 400 hectares of parkland were incorporated into the city, creating the first green space of magnitude in the manner of the great parks of Paris and London. Until the year 1930, the city multiplied its population by two and a half times, growing in area towards the suburbs due to the new subdivisions.

The XX century was very important for the city, due to the actions of renowned architects, engineers and politicians such as Celestino Gelsi, César Pelli, José Padilla and Miguel Mario Campero in the building construction of the city. Likewise, soccer became a very important attraction for the Tucuman public, and important educational works were inaugurated, such as the National University of Tucumán, the airports, and the railway stations. Electric power and mobile telephony expanded over the decades, and many fashions from Europe were adopted by citizens, due to the immigration that took place in the century XIX.

In the first decades of the XX century, the population doubled again and the urban area exceeded the administrative limits of the capital, consolidating what is now called the Great San Miguel de Tucumán. At this time the most notable change occurred in the urban profile due to the appearance of high-rise buildings.

Government

Between 2003 and 2015, the city was led by Mayor CPN Domingo Amaya of the Front for Victory, passing at the end of his term to dissident Peronism and leaving office to Germán Alfaro and the alliance with radicalism " Agreement for the Bicentennial".

Geography

The city sits almost on the slopes of the Aconquija mountains- an extension of the frontal foothills to the Andes that corresponds to the northernmost sector of the Sierras Pampeanas- and on the banks of the very important Salí river.

The center of the city is located at an altitude of 450 ms. no. m.. Although the Greater San Miguel de Tucumán extends over various levels of terrain: from the plains and lowlands of La Banda del Río Salí to the east, to the high and rugged areas of the elegant department of Yerba Buena where European conifers thrive easily in the west.

Metropolitan Area

Map of the Great San Miguel de Tucumán.

San Martín Street and Independence Square in a photograph of the late 1950s.

The city of San Miguel de Tucumán over time exceeded its original limits, giving rise to the metropolitan area known as Greater San Miguel de Tucumán. According to the last census, it has 800,000 inhabitants (Indec, 2010) Cities such as Banda del Río Salí, Alderetes, Lastenia, Yerba Buena, El Manantial, among other large neighborhoods such as Lomas de Tafí, make up this urban conglomerate. According to forecasts, in the coming years the city of Tafí Viejo will become part of Greater San Miguel de Tucumán.

Climate

Tucumán Climogram.

Its climate is subhumid subtropical (Cwa) according to the Köppen climate classification. It is characterized by hot and humid summers, although moderated by altitude, and dry and cool winters. Spring and fall are warm, usually with cool winds from the south. Temperatures in these seasons are around 25ºC approximately, in summer they can exceed 40ºC and in winter they can drop to 0ºC or less.

Only three times, since 1565 (foundation of the city), snow has covered the city, and that was in the month of July 1920 and on July 9, 2007, the anniversary of Argentine independence, then it has returned to snow once again in week 2 of July 2010, registering heavy snowfall in various areas surrounding San Miguel De Tucumán.

Average climate parameters of San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán (1981–1990, 1970–2022)
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Temp. max. abs. (°C)	41.5	41.0	39.0	35.6	32.9	29.5	39.3	39.2	41.8	45.0	44.8	44.0	45.0
Average temperature (°C)	31.3	30.2	27.7	24.4	21.2	18.2	19.1	22.5	24.5	29.0	29.6	30.6	25.7
Average temperature (°C)	25.3	24.2	22.2	19.1	15.5	12.2	12.1	14.7	17.1	21.6	23.2	24.9	19.3
Temp. medium (°C)	20.2	19.2	18.0	15.1	11.0	7.6	6.8	8.6	10.6	15.1	17.5	19.4	14.1
Temp. min. abs. (°C)	11.3	10.1	9.2	3.9	0.2	-1.4	-2.5	-2.5	-0.4	2.5	6.0	10.8	-2.5
Total precipitation (mm)	196.2	158.1	161.0	67.2	14.7	14.0	11.4	12.4	13.3	47.8	69.8	200.4	966.3
Precipitation days (≥ 1 mm)	15	12	14	10	6	5	4	3	4	6	12	12	103
Hours of sun	229.4	183.6	186.0	162.0	167.4	156.0	195.3	235.6	192.0	201.5	216.0	232.5	2357.3
Relative humidity (%)	75	77	83	84	81	80	74	66	63	62	70	73	74
Source No. 1: National Meteorological Service, Agricultural Risk Office (extreme)
Source No. 2: UNLP (sun time)

Seismicity

The seismicity of the Tucumán area (central north of Argentina) is frequent and of low intensity, and a seismic silence of medium to severe earthquakes every 30 years.

• Sismo de 1861: although such catastrophic geological activity occurs since prehistoric times, the earthquake of March 20, 1861 (161 years) with 12 000 deaths, noted an important milestone in the history of Argentine seismic events as it was the strongest recorded and documented in the country. The policy of successive governments in the north and Cuyo have been extreme care and restricting building codes. And with the earthquake of San Juan of 1944 of January 15, 1944 (79 years) the governments took state of the enormous chronic gravity of the earthquake of the region.
• Sismo of 1931: of 6.3 intensity, which destroyed part of its buildings and opened numerous cracks in the area

Architecture and urbanism

Panoramic view of central area.

Air view of the city, from the area of Yerba Buena.

The capital department has an area of 90 km², most of which is urbanized except for some areas in the northeast quadrant. The center of the city and its surrounding areas concentrate most of the most important commercial, financial and institutional activities in the entire north of Argentina. This sector bounded by four avenues (Sarmiento to the North, Avellaneda / Sáenz Peña to the east, Roca to the South, Alem / Miter to the West) that make up a rectangle 14 blocks wide by 18 blocks long is also the most densely populated sector due to to the large number of tall buildings that are developed on said surface. This central sector comprises (limited by Av. Salta/ Jujuy to the west and Av. Avellaneda/ Sáenz Peña to the east): Barrio Norte, from Avenida Sarmiento to Calle Santiago, downtown and microcentro from Calle Santiago to Calle San Lorenzo and Barrio Sur from Calle San Lorenzo to Avenida Roca.

The original pattern, conspicuously noticeable in the city's downtown and historic center, presents a checkerboard or grid pattern, as occurs in almost all large Argentine cities founded in Spanish colonial times. On the other hand, the checkerboard model was inspired by the ancient Roman military camps that were later transformed into cities. Two axes of avenues determine the north-south and east-west sectors of the city, as well as the birth of the arteries towards the 4 cardinal points: the axis formed by the avenues Benjamín Aráoz-24 de Septiembre-Mate de Luna (corridor East-West) divides the city into north and south and determines the numbering of the streets perpendicular to it. The North-South axis, made up of Juan B. Justo-Avellaneda-Sáenz Peña-Marina Alfaro avenues, divides the east and west sectors so that, in addition, it delimits the numbering of the arteries that originate on both sides of said road.

Pedestrian Congress, known as "Paseo de la Independencia".

The city also has other important circulation axes:

• From east to west: avenues Francisco de Aguirre, Governor Del Campo-Sarmiento-Belgrano, Roca, Independencia, Américo Vespucio y Democracia.
• from north to south: avenue Colonel Suárez-Silvano Bores, Avenue Republic of Syria-Salta-Jujuy, Republic of Lebanon-Bartolomé Mitre-Leandro N. Alem, Army of the North-Christobal Colon, America-Adolfo de La Vega and Camino del Perú-Alfredo Guzmán.

The Avenida de Circunvalación that runs through the east of the city is a fast way to cross the city from north to south or vice versa and avoid entering the urban area.

Cultural and Tourist Heritage

House of Independence.

In 2000, the National Government declared San Miguel de Tucumán Historical City both for its role in Argentine history and for its architectural and urban heritage. A large part of its streets are decorated with flowering trees such as the tarco, the lapacho, the orange tree, the tipa.

A series of historic buildings in Plaza Independencia on San Martín Street.

Architecturally, the Bellepoquian Government House stands out, built at the end of the XIX century in a moderate Art Nouveau style Inside, the White Room stands out, in which personalities who visit the city are received. And from its exterior, the coronation by three domes and its access stairway, in addition to the well-known façade.

In the center of the city there are religious temples such as the old Cathedral that preserves some colonial elements and contributions of Italian architecture of the century XIX, the Church of San Francisco (both temples declared Historical Monuments), the Parish of San Roque, the Basilica of the Blessed Sacrament better known as the Church of Santo Domingo, the Basilica of Our Lady of La Merced and the Church Our Lady of Lourdes that presents a neo-Gothic style.

Argentine Post Building in Tucumán.

Also deserves very special attention House of Independencewhere a body of delegates from most of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, known as the Tucumán Congress, proclaimed the declaration of independence of Argentina, on July 9, 1816, this house also presents sculptures of Lola Mora. Other notable buildings are: the San Martín Theatre, whose building is of interesting architecture with neoclassical elements of late centuryXIX; and the Central Mail, which combines features of European medieval architecture (Romans and Gothic) with a tower strongly inspired by the palazzi of Florence (especially the Palazzo Vecchio).

Other notable buildings are the old Legislature of Tucumán (old Casino, with its imposing Italian architecture and its symmetrical domes), the Palace of Tribunals (of stripped classicism style), the Casino of Tucumán (formerly Savoy Hotel, built in 1912), the home of Nicolás Avellaneda, the Bartolomé Mitre National College and the Field of Races, where the historic park was now fought.

Among the cultural spaces of the city are the Archaeological Museum, Plaza Independencia (Old Plaza Mayor lined with trees and adorned with the sculpture of independence made by Lola Mora), the Mercado del Norte, the Juan Bautista Alberdi Theater, the Casa de la Cultura "Escultora Lola Mora", the Provincial Museum of Fine Arts Timoteo Navarro, the Folk Museum, the Museum of Sacred Art, the old "Café de la Plaza", old buildings such as the Cervecería del Norte, among other things.

Recent architecture

One of the tunnels that were built, connecting the city center to the west zone.

The city is experiencing a period of great real estate boom in which hundreds of high-rise buildings were built and some large-scale works for the city have also been built. Among them, the new Tucumán Province Legislature building (inaugurated at the beginning of 2012), the Provincial Hockey Stadium (inaugurated at the end of 2013 and where the 2013 Women's Hockey World League was played), the The Sheraton Tucumán Hotel and the Hilton Garden Inn Tucumán Hotel both have a shopping mall, convention center, and gaming casino.

Currently, two underground tunnels have been built that connect the center of the city with the west. Said tunnels each have a pedestrian bridge over them. In the eastern zone, a long-term project is being carried out to recover the Salí River waterfront and urbanize it to build it into a tourist promenade. This project will take several years due to the settlements that are in the area and the contamination of the river.

Night aerial view from downtown San Miguel de Tucumán to the northwest

Currently the city, along with the entire Argentine Republic, is over 200 years old, having completed it on July 9, 2016. To commemorate it, the city founded a monument to the Bicentennial, located on Avenida Fernando Mate de Luna.

Tourist attractions

Tucumán Government House

Green and recreational spaces

Parque 9 de Julio

Tucumán has numerous squares, parks and pedestrian streets, with the 9 de Julio Park designed by the famous Carlos Thays being the main promenade and green lung of the city. Inaugurated for the celebrations of the Centennial of Argentine Independence, on July 9, 1916, it has an important and beautiful collection of classical and romantic sculptures forged in iron in Paris, which is in the process of being considered as cultural heritage of the humanity.
It is immensely forested and decorated. In it is located the colonial mansion built at the end of the XVII century that belonged to Bishop José Eusebio Colombres (prelate who in 1821 first tested the production of sugar).

Also to the west of the city are the Guillermina and Avellaneda Parks and to the north the large property known as Campo Norte.
Among the Pedestrian Streets, there are the Muñecas Pedestrian with 5 blocks, the Mendoza Pedestrian with 4 blocks and the Congreso-Paseo de la Independencia Pedestrian with 2 blocks, all of them located in the historical and cultural Center of the City, which are popular by numerous pedestrians daily.

San Miguel de Tucumán has several squares: the main and oldest (the one that was Plaza Mayor and Plaza de Armas in the Colonial era) located in the historic center of the city is Plaza Independencia, next in importance Plaza Urquiza, Plaza Belgrano (place where the Battle of Tucumán was fought in 1812), Plaza San Martín, Plaza Yrigoyen (at the beginning of the century XX was called Humberto Primo and was in 1910 the first site of the Eiffel Wheel, later transferred to Córdoba), Plaza Alberdi, Plaza La Madrid (in "el Bajo", where there is currently a flea market), among many other squares distributed in different neighborhoods of the City.

Neighborhoods

These are some of the city's neighborhoods:

Education

Universities

Campus of the Quinta Agronomico, headquarters of several faculties of the UNT

Tucumán Regional Faculty, headquarters of the UTN.

San Miguel de Tucumán is also characterized for being the headquarters of the National University of Tucumán, being the fourth oldest public university in the country. Founded in 1914 with purely provincial capitals and without help from the central government, it has thirteen faculties and several experimental schools. This university has characterized Tucumán as a pole of student attraction, mainly from the Argentine Northwest and later from other parts of the country; In some cases, such as the internationally prestigious Miguel Lillo Institute, dedicated to biological research, it has become a pole of attraction for foreign students. The attraction of students from other provinces and other countries is a factor that has unmistakably contributed to the provincial economy and the real estate market.

In addition to the National University of Tucumán, there is the National Technological University Tucumán Regional Faculty, the Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino and the Universidad San Pablo-T, both private and with campuses in the city of Yerba Buena.

Religions

Cathedral of San Miguel de Tucumán and left the Paseo de la Independencia.

Freedom of worship

As in the whole country, the freedom of worship of the inhabitant of the city of Tucumán is guaranteed by Article 14 of the National Constitution, although the State recognizes a pre-eminent character to the Church Catholic that has a different legal status compared to other churches and confessions.

Main followers

Church of Our Lady of Merced where is the image of Our Lady of Merced, named by Manuel Belgrano as General of the Argentine Army on September 24, 1812, after the Battle of Tucumán.

San Miguel de Tucumán, based on the survey provided by CONICET regarding the religious situation according to the different Argentine regions in 2008, being part of the Argentine Northwest stands out because it is the most Catholic region in Argentina with a 91.7% favorable and the least atheist with 1.8%. In second place is evangelism with almost 4%, a region where it has less weight.

Most of the Tucumans in the capital declare themselves to be Catholics. The Archbishop of Tucumán is currently Bishop Carlos Sánchez.

With massive religious fervor, the patron saint festivities are a hallmark of Tucumán. The people of Tucumán celebrate La Pasión during Holy Week in the 9 de Julio Park, the Fiesta de San Cayetano on August 7, the Fiesta de San Roque on August 16 and especially the Fiesta de la Virgen de la Merced on September 24.

Regarding the Virgen de la Merced, in 1687 the Cabildo de San Miguel de Tucumán named her Patron Saint and Lawyer of the city. by the people, the authorities and the patriotic leaders, who, breaking with political ties with Spain, do not break with the Marian tradition. On September 24, 1812, General Manuel Belgrano, after the Battle of Tucumán, one of the most important battles in the fight for Argentine independence in which some 800 Argentine soldiers defeated almost 3,000 royalist soldiers, attributed his intercession and the named Patron and General. He was followed in this example by General José de San Martín. And in 1943, during his visit to Tucumán, the President of the Nation, General Pedro Pablo Ramírez, imposed the sash and band of General of the Argentine Army on him.

On the other hand, it should be noted that, as Tucumán is an important urban agglomeration in the country, there is also an Evangelical, Jewish and Muslim presence.

Economy

Centro comercial "El Portal" San Miguel de Tucumán.

The city's economy is based on commerce, services and public administration. San Miguel de Tucumán is a strong financial center, with several provincial, national and international banks, being one of the richest in the Argentine Republic. Regarding trade, it has outlets of the main companies in the country and a strong tradition oriented towards the consumption of goods and services. They have their headquarters in Tucumán several companies that operate both regionally in the north of the country, nationally and internationally. Calle San Martín and its surroundings is known as the "city of Tucumana", because most of the banking, business and financial institutions of the city are located there. For its part, 25 de Mayo street concentrates the main national and international brands such as Adidas, Nike, Tommy Hilfiger, Levi's, Prüne, Kevingston, and Extra Large, among others.

In terms of transportation, the city is located at an important road junction, so it has land, rail (to and from Buenos Aires) and air transportation; Benjamín Matienzo International Airport is one of the largest and busiest in the country. Tourism is also an activity that has grown in recent years, from the opening of hotels of international importance and companies with great economic influence at a regional, national and international level.

One of the most visited areas is Yerba Buena, where 4 of the 6 malls that the agglomerate has are located, there you can also find a wide variety of cafes, restaurants, bars and breweries. There are also several hotels, shopping malls, building complexes or luxury country houses, and financial and business centers.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Benjamín Matienzo International Airport is located 12 km east of the capital city, in the Cruz Alta department. From said air station (inaugurated in 1984) regular flights depart and arrive to and from the cities of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, San Salvador de Jujuy, Santiago de Chile, San Pablo in Brazil and Lima in Peru. Having a direct connection with these capital cities of Latin American countries means that it is no longer necessary to travel to the Ezeiza International Airport to go abroad, lowering travel costs. Additionally, in the summer season, there are direct air frequencies to Villa Gessel and Florianápolis in Brazil. The airlines that currently operate at the Tucumán airport are Aerolíneas Argentinas, Austral, Latam, Flybondi and Andes Líneas Aéreas. Likewise, in the air route concessions tendered by the Ministry of Transportation, through the National Civil Aviation Administration, they granted Avianca (Colombian company) the exploitation of several air routes centered in Tucumán, promising to transform the Teniente Benjamín Matienzo International Airport into your Hub (company operations and flights center).

Airport Benjamin Matienzo, San Miguel de Tucumán.

In 2017, the runway of said airport (02/20) was completely remodeled and expanded, making it the second longest in the country. Likewise, the width of said runway is perfectly suitable to receive larger aircraft, being able to land and take off planes like the legendary Boeing 747, also called Jumbo, one of the largest commercial aircraft in the world. A warehouse was also built, operated by TCA (Air Cargo Terminal), which is the largest in the country and serves to export blueberries and lemons by air, two of the most important industries in the province. Finally, the remodeling and expansion of the passenger terminal is scheduled to begin in September 2018. The construction project was entrusted to César Pelli, a native of Tucumán, and provides for the construction of three interconnected buildings in an oval shape, with an expansion of the parking lot., waiting areas, pre-boarding, adhesion of more sleeves and the location of a new 30m control tower with state-of-the-art technology.

Mitre Railway Station in San Miguel de Tucumán.

Long-distance transport is concentrated in a modern terminal station located very close to the center of the city. There are daily services to almost all the capitals and major cities of the country.

From the Bartolomé Miter railway station, in front of Plaza Alberdi, a weekly train service departs to the Retiro station in the city of Buenos Aires as well as to towns in the provinces of Santiago del Estero and Santa Fe found along the way.

Urban passenger transport is made up of several bus lines. Since 2013, a payment system using a magnetic card called "Tarjeta Ciudadana" was implemented on the interurban lines (those that operate within San Miguel de Tucumán), similar to the SUBE card in Buenos Aires, although in Tucumán it was completely eliminated payment by cash. This card has a balance that is automatically discounted on each trip and can be recharged at different points in the city. In 2014, another magnetic card called the "Metropolitan Card" was implemented, which is similar to its predecessor and is used for urban bus lines, which connect the capital city with other cities in the interior of Tucuman. The two magnetic cards are compatible to be used both in urban and interurban lines.

See Annex: Bus lines of the city of San Miguel de Tucumán

As for rental cars, remises have been completely eliminated, leaving only taxis. The taxis are painted white with a yellow and black stripe that includes the logo of the municipality.

Public services

Tucumán Police patrol.

• The electrical service of the city is in charge of the company Edet S. A.
• The natural gas service is supplied by the company Gasnor S. A.
• The drinking water service is administered by SAT (Society of Tucumán Waters).
• The fixed telephony service is provided by Telecom Argentina and by Telefónica S.A.
• The Internet service is provided by Arnet and other small companies.
• The waste collection service is carried out by the company Transportes 9 de Julio.

Health

Main Hospitals in Tucumán:

• Hospital del Niño Jesús de Tucumán
• Hospital Centro de Salud Zenón Santillán
• Hospital Ángel Cruz Padilla
• Hospital de Clínicas Nicolás Avellaneda
• Institute of Maternity
• Hospital Juan M. Obarrio
• Hospital Siquiátrico del Carmen

Garnish

This section is an excerpt from Annex:Despliegue de las Fuerzas Armadas argentinas § Provincia de Tucumán.[chuckles]edit]

Argentine Army

Units with seat in San Miguel de Tucumán	Abbreviation
Military Liceo «General Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid»	LMGAL
Tucumán Reserve Company	Ca Res Tucumán

Culture

Theatres

Night view of the San Martín Theatre.

In the city there are several theaters that have enormous prestige for the plays and shows they present and for the architectural and cultural value they possess. The most important are the San Martín Theater, the Alberdi Theater, the Orestes Caviglia Theater and the Mercedes Sosa Theater, which is located in the remodeled building of the former Plaza cinema and is the one with the largest capacity in the entire north of the country, with 1,594 seats.

Media

Canal 8 Tucumán studios, Laprida Street.

Television

Analog TV signals captured in the city of San Miguel de Tucumán

• Canal 8 Telefe Tucumán
• Canal 10 Tucumán
• Canal 12 Metropolitana TV
• North TV Channel 7 26.1 HD (TDA)
• Channel 29 New Time TV (religious channel)
• Channel 30 Dokime (religious channel)

Digital TV signals captured in the city of San Miguel de Tucumán

• Channel 16.1 Tucumán TV HD
• Channel 16.2 Gate of Heaven (religious channel)
• Channel 18.1 Metropolitan TV HD
• Channel 19.1 X24 HD (Famaillá)
• Canal 21.1 The Palomar TV HD (Banda del Río Salí)
• Canal 22.1 Canal Encounter (TDA)
• Canal 22.2 Paka Paka (TDA)
• Canal 22.3 Mirador (TDA)
• Canal 22.4 Cine.ar (TDA)
• Canal 22.5 TEC TV (TDA)
• Canal 23.1 Public TV (TDA)
• Channel 23.2 Build TV (TDA)
• Canal 24.1 DeportTV (TDA)
• Canal 24.2 Canal 26 (TDA)
• Canal 24.3 France 24 (TDA)
• Channel 24.4 HD Chronicle (TDA)
• Channel 24.5 IP Journalistic Information (TDA)
• Canal 25.1 CN23/Unifé
• Canal 25.2 C5N (TDA)
• Canal 25.3 La Nación + (TDA)
• Canal 25.4 Telesur (TDA)
• Channel 25.5 Russia Today RT (TDA)
• Channel 26.1 North TV HD
• Channel 26.2 PSA TV HD
• Canal 28.1 América Tucumán HD
• Canal 28.2 Canal 5 Tucumán HD

Cable TV

• C. C. C. Closed Circuit Company. It emits 4 local production channels of its own: Canal 11 CCC, Canal 12 CCC, Canal 13 CCC and Canal 14 CCC.
• Superchannel. It emits 2 local production channels of its own: Canal 2 TVO and Canal 5.

Journals

Currently, only one printed newspaper is published in the city: La Gaceta. The newspapers El Tribuno de Tucumán and El Siglo, which also had printed editions, are currently only published in digital format. Other outstanding digital newspapers are: Contexto Tucumán and El Tucumano.

AM/FM radios

• Continental San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 100.1 MHz)
• Radio Tucumán (AM 930 kHz/FM 102.7 MHz)
• Radio LV12 (AM 590 kHz/FM 105.1 MHz)
• Rivadaria San Miguel de Tucumán/Splendid San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 97.7 MHz)
• Contact (FM 104.5 MHz)
• Radio Play Tucumán (FM 93.3nbsp;MHz) / [Website http://www.playfmtucuman.com.ar]
• Metropolitana (FM 93.5 MHz/FM 100.5 MHz)
• Radio AM 750 San Miguel de Tucumán/Del Este (FM 88.1 MHz)
• Antena Ocho (FM 98.1 MHz)
• Mitre San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 99.5 MHz)
• Radio 10 San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 101.5 MHz)
• El Palomar (FM 87.5 MHz)
• La Compañera (FM 107.1 MHz)
• FM MIA TUCUMAN[ww.miatucuman.com.ar] (FM 101.1 MHz)
• Fish (FM 95.9 MHz)
• San Miguel de Tucumán National Radio (AM 1190 kHz/FM 98.7 MHz)
• Activates (FM 91.3 MHz)
• The San Miguel de Tucumán Network (FM 92.3 MHz)
• FMi (FM 99.1 MHz)
• Mía (FM 101.1 MHz)
• The 40 San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 92.7 MHz)
• Know it (FM 89.1 MHz)
• FM consciousness (FM 104.9 MHz)
• Mega San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 89.9 MHz)
• Chain 3 San Miguel de Tucumán/Nostalgia (FM 107.5 MHz)
• The 100 San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 95.5 MHz)
• Rock & Pop San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 106.9 MHz)
• CNN Radio San Miguel de Tucumán/La 99 (FM 99.9 MHz)
• Del Plata San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 93.9 MHz)
• Pop Radio San Miguel de Tucumán/Libertad (FM 103.7 MHz)
• Continental San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 100.1 MHz)
• Sensations (FM 95.1 MHz)
• Splendid San Miguel de Tucumán/Comunidad Famailiá (FM 97.7 MHz)
• Contact (FM 104.5 MHz)
• Antena Ocho (FM 98.1 MHz)
• Radio 10 San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 101.5 MHz)
• Metropolitana FM (FM 93.5 MHz/100.5 MHz)
• El Palomar (FM 87.5 MHz)
• Mitre San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 99.5 MHz)
• La Compañera (FM 107.1 MHz)
• The San Miguel de Tucumán Network (FM 92.3 MHz)
• South American (FM 89.3 MHz)
• San Miguel de Tucumán National Radio (AM 1190 kHz/FM 98.7 MHz)
• Activates (FM 91.3 MHz)
• Fish (FM 95.9 MHz)
• The 40 San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 92.7 MHz)
• City (FM 87.9 MHz)
• CNN Radio San Miguel de Tucumán/Diversidad (FM 99.9 MHz)
• Hey FM (FM 93.1 MHz)
• Know it (FM 89.1 MHz)
• Pop Radio San Miguel de Tucumán/Radio Libertad (FM 103.7 MHz)
• Radio Universidad (FM 94.7 MHz)
• Chain 3 San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 107.5 MHz)
• (FM 97.7 MHz)
• Radio LV12 (AM 590 kHz/FM 105.1 MHz)
• Contact (FM 104.5 MHz)
• Metropolitana (FM 93.5 MHz)
• Chain 3 San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 107.5 MHz)
• Antena Ocho (FM 98.1 MHz)
• Famailla (FM 105.7 MHz)
• Hey (FM 93.1 MHz)
• Red Aleluya San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 106.3 MHz)
• Sensation (FM 101.9 MHz)
• The 100 San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 95.5 MHz)
• Aguilares (FM 99.3 MHz)
• El Palomar (FM 87.5 MHz)
• Rivadavia San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 97.1 MHz)
• The San Miguel de Tucumán Network (FM 92.3 MHz)
• El Fortín (FM 91.9 MHz)
• FMi (FM 99.1 MHz)
• The 40 San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 92.7 MHz)
• University (FM 94.7 MHz)
• Mitre Radio San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 99.5 MHz)
• La Compañera (FM 107.1 MHz)
• The Ralos (FM 101.7 MHz)
• Continental San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 100.1 MHz)
• San Miguel de Tucumán National Radio (AM 1190 kHz/FM 98.7 MHz)
• Fish (FM 95.9 MHz)
• CNN Radio San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 99.9 MHz)
• Awareness (FM 104.9 MHz)
• Activates (FM 91.3 MHz)
• Know it (FM 89.1 MHz)
• Mia (FM 101.1 MHz)
• Pop Radio San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 103.7 MHz)
• La Compañera (FM 107.1 MHz)
• The Ralos (FM 101.7 MHz)
• The 100 San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 95.5 MHz)
• Famailla (FM 105.7 MHz)
• Rivadaria San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 97.1 MHz)
• Antena Ocho (FM 98.1 MHz)
• Radio Tucumán (AM 930 kHz/FM 102.7 MHz)
• Metropolitana (FM 100.5 MHz)
• San Miguel de Tucumán National Radio (AM 1190 kHz/FM 98.7 MHz)
• Know it (FM 89.1 MHz)
• Fish (FM 95.9 MHz)
• Continental San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 100.1 MHz)
• Contact (FM 104.5 MHz)
• The 40 San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 96.1 MHz)
• El Palomar (FM 87.5 MHz)
• Fmi (FM 99.1 MHz)
• Red Aleluya San Miguel de Tucumán (FM 106.3 MHz)

Nightlife

One of the main aspects that characterizes the culture of the city is its nightlife. Bars, pubs and nightclubs populate the city. The area known as Barrio Norte is often seen populated by young adults who meet in the exclusive bars in the area.

Barrio Sur, on the other hand, is characterized by being an area where the majority of university students who come from other provinces to study reside, which is why it has more popular bars and more affordable prices.

In the downtown area of the city, the presence of nightclubs and discos is prohibited, so these are distributed in different areas of the city and in Yerba Buena, the latter being frequented by people with more purchasing power.

City Center Night Tour (external link)

School weeks

It's called "school weeks" to a celebration held by the vast majority of secondary schools in San Miguel de Tucumán. This consists of three to seven days (depending on the institution) in which educational activities are suspended and recreational, cultural and sports activities are carried out, generally organized by the Student Centers of each establishment, with the collaboration of authorities and teaching staff. School weeks are mainly oriented to intercollegiate tournaments of various sports, such as five-a-side football, basketball, volleyball, tocata, hockey, handball; among others. There are also activities such as parades, intercollegiate choreography competitions, plays, concerts by important bands and generally close with a "Closing Dance". It should be noted that this activity is not carried out in any other city in the country. The "college weeks" They are carried out throughout the school year, where the institutions take turns, to decide at what time of the year it is up to each one to carry it out.

Sports

As in the rest of Argentina, the most popular sport in San Miguel de Tucumán is soccer. Among the most important teams in the city are:

• Club Atlético Tucumán (currently in First Division)
• Club Atlético San Martín (currently in Second Division)
• Club Social y Deportivo San Jorge
• Club Sportivo Alfredo Guzmán
• Club Atlético Amalia
• Club Tucumán Central
• Club Argentinos del Norte
• Club Atlético All Boys (Tucumán)

The "classic" local soccer ("Clásico Tucumano") gathers in each edition more than 30,000 people in the Estadio Monumental José Fierro or in the Estadio La Ciudadela, stadiums of Club Atlético Tucumán and Club Atlético San Martín respectively. It is considered one of the "classics" more "hot" from the country.

Basketball is a very popular sport in the city. There are many important clubs that played national and regional tournaments. The most prominent are:

• Club Caja Popular
• Club Social y Deportivo Juan Bautista Alberdi
• Club Atlético Central Córdoba
• Independent Atletic Club
• Club Belgrano Cultural y Deportivo
• Club Defensores de Villa Luján
• Club Tucumán BB
• Asociación Mitre
• Hurricane BB Club
• Club Atletico Students
• Club All Boys
• Club Sportivo Floresta

Rally Dakar on arrival in San Miguel de Tucumán.

Rugby in Tucumán is considered the most prestigious in the country along with that of Buenos Aires. The provincial rugby team, known as "Los Naranjas", is together with the one from Buenos Aires the most winner of the National Championships. In addition, local rugby clubs provide several players for the National Team, known as Los Pumas, and have a very prestigious local tournament that is organized by the Tucumán Rugby Union.

The most important clubs are:

• University Rugby Club
• Tucumán Rugby Club
• The Rugby Club Tarcos
• Tucumán Lawn Tennis Club
• Club Swimming and Gymnastics
• Cardinals Rugby Club

There were also editions of the Dakar Rally that included the city in the competition route.

Featured Characters

Sister Cities

With the purpose of carrying out a responsible work of care and respect for the cultural heritage with cities around the world, the City of San Miguel de Tucumán maintains close institutional relations and Twinning with the following Cities: