Salzburg

Salzburg (in German): Salzburg /curt maintenancesbignan/k/ (?·i), 'city/house of salt') is the fourth most populous city in Austria, with 154 211 inhabitants (2019), capital of the federated state (Bundesland) of Salzburg and the homonymous region, one of the nine in which this country is divided. It's near the national border with Germany. Its name comes from the salt (Salz in German) of which there are important mines nearby and with whose trade the city developed over several centuries. In the centuryVIIId. C., in particular, achieved a high degree of prosperity for such trade and for the taxes that were charged at the passage of the barges that transported the salt and other goods through the Salzach River crossing the city.

The city is known for being the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and for the music festivals that are held every summer in the town. In addition, the old city center was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Salzburg is the “gateway” to northwestern Austria and is an important road and rail junction. It is also one of the country's main tourist centers and an international conference center.

History

Ancient and Middle Ages

Traces of establishments dating back to very ancient times have been found. In particular, on the Rainberg hill there are indications of a continuous occupation from the Neolithic period until the Roman conquest in the time of Emperor Augustus. On the castle hill and on the Kapuzinerberg, remains of fortifications of what in the Iron Age was probably the most important center of the Celtic people of the ambisontii have been discovered.

The Romans grouped small farming communities into a single city, Juvavum, in 15 B.C. C. It is probable that the name does not come from a Roman divinity, but that it was the adaptation of an earlier Celtic name (Iuvavo). The city became a municipium in AD 45. C. under Emperor Claudius (Municipium Claudium Juvavum), becoming one of the most important in the province of Noricum. Juvavum's decline after the collapse of the Noricum frontier was very rapid, such that by the VII century it was in an almost dilapidated state.

Around the year 700 Saint Rupert founded a new town on the site of the ancient Roman Iuvavum, in his quest to establish a basilica, and in 739 he made the town the seat of a bishopric and in 798, Arno, the seat of a archbishopric.

Salzburg was ruled by a prince-archbishop until the early 19th century. Its last prince-archbishop was Hieronymus von Colloredo.

Contemporary Age

According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, Salzburg suffered "relatively little" damage during World War II and was the headquarters of the US military during the Allied occupation of Austria from 1945 to 1956.

In 2015, during the migration crisis in Europe, the suspension of direct train connections between Salzburg and Munich was decreed as a measure to try to slow down the rate of departures of refugees from non-EU countries from Austria in the direction of Germany. In September, more than &&&&&&&&&0100000.&&&&&0 100,000 refugees, mostly Afghans, Iraqis and Syrians, passed from Austria to Germany.

In September 2018, Salzburg hosted the European Summit within the Austrian Presidency of the Council of the European Union. In the midst of the process of re-founding the European Union, migration and the departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union (Brexit) were the two issues that worried and divided the leaders of the European Council at that time.

Geography

Location

Salzburg is 150 km east of Munich in Germany and 300 km span> west of Vienna. The city straddles the Salzach River, 25 km from the northern foothills of the Alps. The mountainous character of the southern part of the Salzburg region contrasts with the gentle undulations of its northern part. The closest alpine peak is Untersberg (1853 m), which lies just a few kilometers southwest of the city. The city center is surrounded by two stone elevations, the Mönchsberg and the Kapuzinerberg, whose forests constitute the green lungs of the city.

Climate

Average Salzburg climate parameters
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Temp. max. abs. (°C)	20.1	21.7	24.9	27.9	32.2	35.6	38.6	35.6	32.1	28.2	23.5	18.6	38.6
Average temperature (°C)	3.2	5.6	10.4	14.3	19.9	22.2	24.4	24.2	20.1	14.8	7.8	4.0	14.2
Average temperature (°C)	-0.8	0.7	4.8	8.5	13.8	16.5	18.6	18.3	14.3	9.3	3.6	0.4	9.0
Temp. medium (°C)	-4.0	-2.9	0.7	3.8	8.4	11.5	13.5	13.5	10.1	5.5	0.6	-2.5	4.9
Temp. min. abs. (°C)	-25.4	-21.8	-21.6	-3.9	-2.1	2.0	3.7	4.3	-1.6	-8.0	-17.8	-26.8	-26.8
Total precipitation (mm)	59.9	54.7	78.7	83.1	114.5	154.8	157.5	151.3	101.3	72.6	83.0	72.8	1184.2
Nevadas (cm)	24.0	23.9	21.7	2.9	0.1	0	0	0	0	0	12.1	27.8	112.5
Precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	10.1	9.5	11.9	11.8	12.1	15.0	14.4	13.2	10.8	9.3	10.8	11.8	140.7
Days of snowfall (≥ 1.0 cm)	15.4	11.7	6.1	1.4	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	5.1	13.1	52.9
Hours of sun	67.0	91.9	130.0	152.6	196.4	193.9	221.1	202.8	167.7	129.7	81.2	62.8	1697.1
Source: Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics

Transportation

	Airport	IATA Code	ICAO Code
	Salzburg Airport	SZG	LOWS

• Salzburg Hauptbahnhof

Education

	University	Foundation	Acronym	Type
	University of Salzburg	1622	PLUS	Public University
	Universität Mozarteum Salzburg	1841		Public University
	Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität Salzburg	2003	PMU	Private University
	Fachhochschule Salzburg	1995	FHS	Public University

Culture

Monuments and places of interest

The old city center, which was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996, is notable for:

Fortress of Hohensalzburg

• Cathedral of Salzburg
• Abbey of Nonnberg or San Pedro
• San Pedro Monastery (Das Kloster St. Peter)
• Cemetery of San Pedro (Petersfriedhof)
• Catacombs of the Mönchsberg Rock
• Franciscan Church and Baroque Churches of the City
• Palace-residence of the Archbishop with the Residenzgalerie
• Hohensalzburg Fortress
• Getreidegasse (Calle del Grano) with the house where W. A. Mozart was born

Outside the historic center, the following stand out:

• The most important palaces are the Mirabell Palace, the Leopoldskron Palace and the Hellbrunn Palace.
• San Sebastian Cemetery (Sebastiansfriedhof)

Salzburg also has important museums:

• Rupertinum (Rupertinum)Museum of Modern Art)
• Haus der Natur SalzburgHouse of Nature)
• Stille Nacht MuseumPeace Night Museum)
• Salzburger Freilichtmuseum (Free Air Museum)
• Dommuseum Salzburg (Museum)
• Museum der ModerneMuseum of Modernity)
• Home of Mozart

Cinematography

The 1965 musical film The Sound of Music (Sonrisas y lágrimas in Spain and La novicia rebelde in Latin America) was shot in Salzburg and its action takes place in Salzburg.

Cultural festivals

• Salzburg Festival
• internalzionale festival "SZENE"
• festival of Pentecost
• festival di KUNST(st)OFF
• TotalImprOFFisiert
• festival di Open Mind
• Winterfest
• festival of literature
• festival di Literaturhaus
• Slamlabor
• Poetry Slam

Gastronomy

• Salzburger Nockerln
• Mozartkugel (green pistachio dungeon, wrapped in a fine praliné and finally submerged in black chocolate cover)
• Pinzgauer Kasnockn
• Kaiserschmarrn
• Beer

Sports

Red Bull Arena

Salzburg is the headquarters of the International Biathlon Union. The city hosted some Euro 2008 soccer matches. It has also presented itself as a candidate city to host the Winter Olympic Games on two occasions, first being defeated by Vancouver for the 2010 games and by Sochi for the 2014 games.

Equipment	Sport	Competition	Stadium	Creation
Red Bull Salzburg	Football	Bundesliga (Austria)	Red Bull Arena (Salzburg)	1933
SV Austria Salzburg	Football	Regionalliga West	ASKÖ-Anlage	2005

Twinnings

• Aranda de Duero (Spain)
• Bern (Switzerland)
• Dresden, Germany

Notable people

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, composer and pianist.