Saltillo

Saltillo ( listen) is the most populous city and capital of the Mexican state of Coahuila de Zaragoza and head of the homonymous municipality. It has a population of 879,958 inhabitants, making it the fourteenth most populous city in Mexico and in its metropolitan area with the neighboring cities of Ramos Arizpe and Arteaga has 1,031,779 inhabitants, being as a whole the fifteenth largest metropolis in Mexico. It is located in the northeastern region of Mexico and in the southeast region of Coahuila, surrounded by high mountains of the eastern mountain range, and 400 km south of the border with Texas, United States, and 842 km from Mexico City.

Saltillo has played a very important role in the history of Mexico. In 1811, in full fervor for Independence, the insurgents occupied Saltillo to head towards Parras and Monclova. In that same year, Allende and Hidalgo arrived in the town in retreat to the United States, and there Hidalgo appointed Ignacio López Rayón and José María Liceaga as leaders of the movement, in addition to the fact that in 1847 the armies of Mexico and the United States clashed near of the capital, in the Battle of La Angostura. Another important moment in history is that in 1864 Benito Juárez established his government in that city.

It was also very important in the post-revolutionary life of Mexico, where moments of vital importance for the country's nascent democracy were experienced, since the Constitution was decreed and the city was occupied by a revolutionary faction. The municipality rose up in arms against the government of Porfirio Díaz and was a municipality where there were a large number of important revolutionaries, in addition to being the venue for meetings between armies.

Toponymy

Old Water Eye neighborhood. In the background, the Parish of the Holy Christ of the Eye of Water, now recognized as the site of the foundation of the city.

The name that Alberto del Canto gave to the city was: Villa de Santiago de Saltillo. It can be determined that the name of the city is due to a formation of water, which still exists and is located on the steps of the Parroquia del Santísimo Cristo del Ojo de Agua, where today it can be visited and thanks to its purity it is drinkable.

When the founders arrived, it was a small waterfall that fell from an elevation of the land, at the foot of which it was decided to found the town. From this spring a ditch was built that, by gravity, supplied water to the population. That was probably when the small waterfall disappeared.

History

Foundation

Several explorers surely traveled through what is now the Saltillo Valley in search of mines, although it is known that the main source of wealth was based on the capture of Chichimeca Indians to enslave them or sell them in the mining cities. The first recorded group of explorers arrived in Coahuila at the end of 1568, led by Francisco Cano, Deputy Mayor of Mazapil, who explored the south of what is now the municipalities of Saltillo and General Cepeda, taking possession in the name of Nueva Galicia..

The following year, Martín López de Ibarra, Lieutenant Governor of Nueva Vizcaya, explored the same area and distributed grants and lands in the name of his province. Captain Francisco de Puga and Luis de Carvajal probably also entered around 1573. Later, the Portuguese Alberto del Canto, who had been a resident of the Real de Mazapil, carried out the foundation of the town of Santiago del Saltillo, in the name of the Governorate of Nueva Vizcaya, shortly before 1577.

Viceroyalty

Once the town was installed, it was faced with the constant siege of the native locals, being in constant danger of depopulating the town. Faced with this situation, Tlaxcalan families were brought with the intention that the indigenous people of the region imitate their work, hence the traditional "Sarape de Saltillo" would become famous. The settlement of the city was led by the Tlaxcalans Don Buenaventura de Paz and Don Joaquín de Velasco, the grandsons of Xicohténcatl the Elder, captains of Tizatlán.

The town was divided in two by a canal or stream of water that was born from the "Ojo de Agua" and went down Calle Allende. The northeast and north part (San Esteban de la Nueva Tlaxcala) corresponded to the indigenous people, who turned it into an orchard due to their tireless work and their extensive knowledge in horticulture, while the southeast and eastern part (Villa de Santiago del Saltillo) corresponded to to the Spanish. The Tlaxcalan indigenous people did various activities, such as making fruit and milk sweets, making serape, growing fruit trees, grazing cattle, pulque bread, among many other activities.

The Tlaxcalans also armed and equipped their men to assist in the defense of Saltillo, as well as providing a small party, usually 8 to 10 men, to join the Spanish on expeditions to suppress the nomadic tribes that lived nearby de Saltillo. Although the Chichimeca war was nearly over, other nomadic tribes, such as the Toboso, in northern Mexico continued to be hostile to the Spanish.

During all this time the inhabitants preserved their native language, Nahuatl, as evidenced by the large number of Nahua documents, especially wills, from the 17th and 18th centuries.

Independent Mexico

In 1827, the name of the city was changed to Leona Vicario, and that of San Esteban was changed to Villalongín. In 1831, Congress issued a decree ordering the disappearance of Villalongín to merge it with Leona Vicario, forming a single city, Saltillo.

In 1834, the town halls of both cities were abolished to form a single one, which also led to the loss of deeds to land and real estate, such as the Hospital de los Naturales, in addition to the loss of Neotlaxcalan Nahuatl as a common language in the old San Esteban.

The city of Saltillo has also had some important episodes in the history of Mexico in general. One of the most notable was the one that occurred on February 22, 1847 during the American intervention in Mexico: the battle of La Angostura, in which Mexican troops and American invaders participated, the first commanded by López de Santa Anna and Generals Mora., Villamil, Micheltorena, Blanco, Corona, Pacheco, Lombardini, Urrea, Sánchez and others; and the second, commanded by General Zachary Taylor.

There were bloody confrontations between the fourteen thousand Mexicans and the seven thousand invaders who had superior artillery. The Mexicans triumphed on several fronts without obtaining the victory since, inexplicably, they withdrew from the battlefield.

Porfiriato and Mexican Revolution

Modernity arrived in Coahuila, and practically all of Mexico, with the arrival of the railroad in 1880, during the Porfiriato. Around 1890, telegraph, telephone and public lighting networks were created, in addition to the construction of cultural buildings such as theaters and squares; Other works of a social nature such as the hospice and the civil hospital, and others for sanitization such as the drinking water and drainage system, the flea market, the market and the pantheon of Santiago, were also created at this time.

During the Mexican revolution, there were several Coahuila characters who had studied in Saltilla schools such as the Ateneo Fuente and the Colegio de San Juan, among others.

During the Mexican Revolution, Saltillo remained uneventful. The city was taken by the forces of Victoriano Huerta, later by those of Francisco Villa and then those of Venustiano Carranza. Hundreds of peasants were forced to join the various groups, so many fled to Texas, as did some aristocratic families.

20th century

Around 1923, the current Antonio Narro Agrarian University was founded. In the fifties the Technological Institute of Saltillo and the University of Coahuila were created. And two decades later, the Autonomous University of the Northeast and the Saltillo Campus of the Tecnológico de Monterrey. The agricultural life of Saltillo in the second half of the XX century rapidly transformed towards industrial activity; the huge orchards disappeared and industries dominate the landscape today.

In the second quarter of the XX century, Saltillo shifted its focus from agricultural and textile activities to industrial activities with the creation of companies such as CIFUNSA, CINSA, Éxito, Molinos el Fénix, among others. In the middle of the century, with the protectionist policy of Mexico, companies such as Moto Islo continued to be created in 1961, as well as Zincamex and Inyec Diesel in the same decade.

The real industrial explosion occurred in the 1970s and 1980s with the arrival of the auto assembly industry in the region, with companies such as General Motors and Chrysler, along with their respective satellite companies or providers. Since then, Saltillo and its Metropolitan Area (Ramos Arizpe and Arteaga) have been known as the "Detroit of Mexico".

However, there is currently a boost for the diversification of the industry, with the arrival of pharmaceutical companies, household appliances, chemicals, ceramics and even parts for the aerospace industry, and thus avoid concentration of it in a single area, with all the risks that this implies.

21st century

Saltillo is located in a peninsular zone, where several earthquakes or telluric movements have been recorded. The last one was recorded in May 2018 with magnitude 4.0 on the Richter scale.

In Saltillo, the first union between two people of the same sex in all of Latin America took place. This happened in January 2007 when two women from Matamoros, Tamaulipas, united through the Civil Solidarity Pact,

Geography

Climate

The climate of Saltillo is temperate semi-dry, with an average temperature of 17 °C. Winters are extreme, prevailing maximum temperatures above 18 degrees Celsius and some days with minimum temperatures below zero degrees. For the occurrence of snowfalls, humidity is required and the wet season in Saltillo occurs from May to October; so it is very rare that there are more than 5 days of snow a year, there are even years in which there is no snowfall.

The most significant snowfalls occurred on January 12, 1962, January 11, 1967, January 1983, December 13, 1997, December 24, 2004, January 12, 2010, February 3 and 4, 2011 The last snowfall occurred on December 8, with a layer of 20 cm thick; December 15, 2017; on January 17 and 18, 2018. The winter of 2017-2018 was one of the coldest winters as 3 snowfalls were recorded in the city.

According to meteorological records, Saltillo is one of the coldest cities in winter in Mexico (-18 on December 13, 1997, according to unofficial sources, since there is no record that validates this information; -14.5 on January 1962, according to the official source of the National Meteorological Service); only below the City of Chihuahua (-18 on February 3 and 4, 2011), Ciudad Juárez (-23 °C on January 11, 1962). Summers are hot, with temperatures often exceeding 38°C. In May 2012, 42 °C was recorded.

Average climate parameters of Saltillo, Coahuila (1951–2010)
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Temp. max. abs. (°C)	36.5	33	36.5	39	42	40.5	39.5	37	38.5	39	34.5	31	42
Average temperature (°C)	19.7	21.4	24.7	27.4	29.9	30.2	29.7	29.2	26.7	24.8	22.5	20	25.6
Average temperature (°C)	12.1	13.6	16.8	20	22.3	23.2	23	22.6	20.3	18	15.2	12.7	18.3
Temp. medium (°C)	4.5	5.7	8.8	12.1	14.8	16.1	16.3	15.9	14	11.2	7.8	5.5	11.1
Temp. min. abs. (°C)	-14.5	-14.4	-6	0	0.5	6.5	4	8	1.3	-3	-5	-18	-18
Rains (mm)	15.8	12.3	8.2	15.2	30.5	47	61.4	58.6	62.5	31.1	12.2	14.5	369.3
Rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)	3.4	2.7	2	3.4	5.1	6.3	8.8	9.2	7.9	5.1	3	3.3	60.2
Hours of sun	169.5	174.8	195.4	182.3	209.1	215.8	205.7	199.3	169.4	186	176.7	152.4	2236.4
Source No. 1: National Meteorological Service
Source No. 2: College of Postgraduates

Orography and hydrography

San Lorenzo Canyon

Composed of geological formations from the Jurassic period, the San Lorenzo canyon, located southeast of Saltillo, in the Sierra de Zapalinamé, is a tourist attraction that attracts dozens of adventurers every week due to the diversity of extreme sports that can be practiced here like rock climbing, rappelling, mountain biking, hiking, mountaineering and camping. Among its places stands out Balcones, La Ventana, Cascada de los Elefantes, La Y, Roca Escuela and Lorenza's house. Fluvial accidents from west to east.

People's Stream

Enter the city from the southeast through the Tanquesito neighborhood at the southern end of Pedro Ampudia street, go down near and along the railroad, pass next to the University Hospital and further northeast through the Pueblo Insurgente neighborhood and continue Parallel to but relatively close to the Vito Alessio Robles boulevard towards the GM automotive complex and converges at the height of the “Los Pinos” highway with the Cevallos stream. It has a Tlaxcalteca dam (historical heritage in danger).

Ojitos Stream

It starts south of Francisco Coss Boulevard, passes behind the Tecnológico de Saltillo, crosses Venustiano Carranza Boulevard at the height of the “El Paso” Hotel to the northeast, passes between the Liverpool and Home Depot buildings, and is channeled through Nazario Ortiz Boulevard towards Benito Juárez street.

Tortola Stream

It begins its course in Colonia Magisterio, towards the temple of Santo Cristo del Ojo de Agua, crosses the center of the city between Arteaga and Matamoros streets near the Coahuila school, then at the height of Plaza “1o de mayo” in Emilio Castelar street converges with the channel that goes down near Antonio Cárdenas street (or Abasolo sur) apparently from “el Chapulín” Park, it is channeled underground passing through the Topo chico neighborhood, it goes down through Nava street in the República neighborhood and then through Luis Echeverría and goes down again through Abasolo north and connects in Nazario Ortiz with El Charquillo.

Charquillo Stream

It starts from the eastern end of Calle Ateneo, goes down behind the San Isidro sports center passing by Campo Redondo, crosses the Ciudad Deportiva lake towards the Tecnológico de Monterrey and continues until it converges with the Cevallos stream on the left height of Moctezuma Boulevard or Pedro Figueroa.

Cevallos Stream

It starts in the Sierra Zapaliname, from the Lomas de Lourdes neighborhood, it goes along the Boulevard Luis Echeverría Oriente, it goes behind the Mercado de Abastos, it crosses one side of Plaza Sendero, then it goes down along the Tezcatlipoca street, it passes near the Club Campestre and converges with the Navarreña stream on the road to Monterrey and on the way to los Valdés.

Navarreña Stream

It starts in the mountains at the height of the Vista Hermosa neighborhood, crosses through neighborhoods such as Fundadores and Morelos, goes down one side of the Corona Motel on Fundadores Boulevard, passes next to the Dolores Pantheon on Jesús Valdés Sánchez Boulevard and It continues to the south, surrounding the Club Campestre on its eastern side and the Country Club subdivision, and continues towards the city of Ramos.

El Aguaje Estate

Located in the San Lorenzo Canyon southeast of the city of Saltillo. Composed of geological formations originating between the Upper Jurassic and Quaternary that facilitate the intense infiltration of water into the subsoil, thus allowing the constant recharge of the aquifers that supply drinking water to the city of Saltillo. On July 3, 2008, the Government of the State of Coahuila decided to buy the property, which was granted to the Protection of Mexican Fauna in commodatum on July 23, 2012 for its management and conservation.

La Concordia Mountains

It is the highest mountain in the municipality, reaching 3,462 meters above sea level.

Sierra Catana

Mountain that reaches 3,104 meters above sea level.

Demographics

Population

The city of Saltillo, according to the latest count and official delimitation carried out in 2020 jointly by INEGI, CONAPO and SEDESOL, is the 14th most populous city in Mexico with 864,431 inhabitants.

Graph of demographic evolution of Saltillo between 1900 and 2020

Population of censuses of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) from 1900 to 2020.

Economy

A bench of (Saltillo blues) in the historic center of the city.

The city of Saltillo is an urban and commercial area, it is the richest city in Coahuila de Zaragoza, a large part of the population works in the industry that is concentrated in the municipality of Ramos Arizpe, considered one of the most industrialized in the country that makes up one of the largest automotive clusters in Mexico, since 1970 plants such as Grupo Industrial Saltillo, General Motors, Magna, Fiat Group, Chrysler, Daimler, Freightliner, Delphi, Nemak, Plastic Omnium, etc. have been installed in the region..

To the south of Saltillo, Coahuila, in the direction of Zacatecas, there are some industrial parks, among them La Angostura and Derramadero, which serve as channels to increase commerce and which in a short time have grown by leaps and bounds. Both national and foreign companies are playing a very important role in terms of investment in this area, because these companies have approached their suppliers to facilitate logistics processes, with them sources of employment are generated and a better image is created. of the region making it attractive for future investment.

Roads

The road infrastructure in the city of Saltillo is one of the most modern in the country, with more than 30 overpasses and two road distributors that make up 28 km of freeway that allow you to cross the city without traffic lights from north to south, These works turned the state capital into a "modern city in full development." However, in recent years, some arteries have been saturated, due to the rapid growth of the population and the increase in the vehicle fleet, coupled with the lack of efficient public transportation. According to data from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), the number of vehicles in circulation in the capital has grown by more than 15%, and several avenues in the city have become insufficient for their movement, especially at high traffic times.

Education

At the end of the last century, in Saltillo the quality of its educational institutions was high.^{[citation required ]}

CU. University Campus UAdeC Located in the municipality of Arteaga, Coahuila, designed by Mexican architect Teodoro González de León, today has an Aula Magna, Infoteca CU, the School of Plastic Arts, Faculty of Systems, Architecture and Engineering.

Athenaeum School of Bachelors Source of the UAdeC.

Currently the city has a large number of higher level universities, which are listed below:

• Universidad del Valle de Santiago (UNIVAS)
• Autonomous University of Coahuila (UAdeC)
• Universidad Vizcaya de las Américas, Campus Saltillo (UVA)
• Benemérita Escuela Normal de Coahuila (BENC)
• Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (UAAAN)
• Instituto Tecnológico de Saltillo (ITS)
• Technological University of Coahuila (UTC)
• Universidad Autónoma del Noreste, Campus Saltillo (UANE)
• University of Advanced Studies (UNEA)
• North University Institute (INSUNTE)
• IPN Advanced Research and Studies Center, Saltillo Unit (CINVESTAV-IPN Saltillo Unit)
• Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Saltillo (ITESM)
• Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Unidad Saltillo (UPN)
• Universidad del Valle de México Campus, Saltillo(UVM)
• La Salle University, Saltillo Campus (ULSA)
• Coahuila State College (ENSE)
• University of Professional Development, Plantel Saltillo (UNIDEP)
• Inter-American University for Development, Saltillo Headquarters (UNID)
• Universidad Iberoamericana Centro de Extención Saltillo (Ibero Saltillo)
• Research Centre in Applied Chemistry (CIQA)
• Carolina University of Saltillo (UCA)
• Technological University of Saltillo (UTS)
• Digital Invaders. Digital Creativity School by W Group
• Universidad Autónoma de Durango (UAD), Campus Saltillo
• CNCI University, Saltillo Campus
• Instituto de Ciencia y Cultura A.C. (ICCAC)
• Instituto Universitario del Centro de México (UCEM), Campus Saltillo
• UNIVER University
• Inter-American University of the North TEC Sierra Madre
• Instituto Tecnológico Don Bosco
• Instituto de Comunicación Gráfica del Norte (ICN)
• University Faculty of Saltillo
• Universidad Santander
• Institute of High International Studies
• Instituto Universitario España de Coahuila
• Institute of Higher Studies for Integral Development
• Technological Institute of Construction
• International Institute of Strategic Administration
• Institute for Business Quality and Training (IIAE)
• Liceo Mohandas Gandhi University
• University Institute Paulo Freire (UniFreire)
• It has one of the best nursing schools in the state of Coahuila and the country, and is the E.E.T.E.A.C.

Architecture

Coahuila School Its construction dates back to 1930. In charge of Engineer Zeferino Domínguez Villarreal, Art Deco style.

Emblematic buildings and constructions

Traditional window house in the historical center of the city. Protection forged in iron. 1900.

In 1989, the year in which the Historic Center of Saltillo and the Board for the Protection and Conservation of Cultural Heritage were created. The urban center was transformed embellishing the urban image and the restoration of buildings of historical value.

• The Plaza de Armas: In the heart of Saltillo, where the government, religion, society, and culture converge, the position of arms can be a good starting point for a walking tour of the historic center. A place full of history, folklore and movement; the authentic Salillense culture.
• Government Palace: Neoclassical building almost 200 years ago; it has exhibition of murals of Almaráz and Tarazona with the most relevant episodes of Coahuilense history.
• Saltillo Casino: Beautiful quarry building opened in 1900, with an extensive photographic collection dating back to 1950.
• Government Palace: a neoclassical building almost 200 years ago; it has murals.

• Baptist Church of Saltillo built in 1885. With its clear features of English architecture, two very pronounced ceilings and a beautiful backdrop that enriches the facade, it is one of the oldest and best preserved buildings in the city.
• Municipal Archive of Saltillo: The Acervo of the Municipal Archive has documents classified in various themes that narrate the history of the municipality.
• Coahuila State College: The Normal School for Teachers of Coahuila was founded in 1894 and is famous for being one of the most prestigious schools in the state.
• Ateneo Source: Icon of the state's cultural life, is the oldest institution dedicated to higher education in the state. The murals decorating the lobby were the creation of Salvador Toscano and Miguel Santana. This enclosure has marked the lives of the Coahuilians, its image is part of the arms shield of Saltillo. It hosts a Natural History Hall, a colonial art room and a Mexican art gallery with a magnificent collection of works by great painters.
• Instituto Tecnológico de Saltillo: The enclosure stands out for its majestic neocolonial style architecture polished in pink quarry.

Places of interest

Cultural

Teatro de la Ciudad Fernando Soler.

• Teatro de la Ciudad Fernando Soler: It was designed by the architect Francisco Flores Flores and opened on March 26, 1979. It presents plays of theatre, opera, music, dance, children's shows, festivals, conferences, government reports, graduations and congresses. The first representation was The efforts of a house of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, under the direction of Luis G. Basurto with scenery of David Antón and the actors Magda Guzmán, Rubén Rojo, José Baviera and Carmen Monje, among others.
• Auditorium Parque las Maravillas: Open Air Auditorium "Las Maravillas", has capacity for more than 15,000 viewers.
• Athenaeum Paraninfo Source: It is the university precinct par excellence; in it there are countless academic and cultural events.They stand out their murals, works by the Catalan painter Salvador Tarazona, of which, on the north side is dedicated to science and on the south side to culture and arts.
• Centro Cultural Casa Purcell: Architectural work built in the centuryXIX by the architect Alfredo Gilles in the style of the old Irish wives, whose owner was Guillermo Purcell, is now a cultural center that has spaces for temporary exhibitions of contemporary art.
• Centro Cultural Teatro García Carrillo: It has a gallery where temporary exhibitions are displayed; it also has an auditorium where conferences, concerts, readings and, every Thursday, the screening of film cycles.
  

  García Carrillo Theatre, Aldama Street and Allende, downtown area.
• The Vito Alessio Robles Cultural Center: Former headquarters of the City of Saltillo, has a mural by Helena Huerta on the history of Coahuila, personal objects by Don Vito Alessio Robles, a library (with a wonderful collection of ancient books and documents by historians Vito Alessio Robles and Oscar Dávila), and temporary exhibitions of modern art.
• Coahuilense Institute of Culture: Here the culture and art of the state are promoted and disseminated; it has an art gallery (where pictorial works are exhibited), workshops, conferences, various special events; in addition to a bookstore and a cafeteria.
• El Recinto a Juárez: It hosts the Coahuilense College of Historical Research. It offers library services and also plays, conferences, book presentations and other cultural activities.
• Recinto del Patrimonio Cultural Universitario: House dating from 1680, belonged to Purcell family during the centuryXX.. It was the headquarters of the National Bank of Mexico and since 2005 it is used for cultural purposes by exposing the artistic heritage of the city.
• Universidad Aurora Morales de López: One more space for the artistic expression of the Autonomous University of Coahuila. The enclosure spreads and houses works produced by coahuilense creators.

Religious

Plaza de Armas and Cathedral of Santiago.

Church of the Holy Christ of the Eye of Water.

St. Stephen's Parish.

• Cathedral of Santiago Apostle: True architectural jewel dedicated to the Apostle Santiago el Mayor and that in 1745 he began his construction as a parish for later, in 1891, to be erected as the Cathedral of Saltillo together several architectural styles such as the Baroque and the Churrigueresco. It is the most representative building of Saltillo and its tower is one of the highest in Latin America. In the interior stands out its altarpieces, as well as a collection of 45 virrenal oils of great value and the silver front on the altar of Saint Joseph, piece of the centuryXVIII who participated in the exhibition “Mexico, Thirteenth Century Splendors”, which traveled the US and Mexico for three years.
• Church of the Holy Christ of the Water Eye: It is located on the top of the hill where the spring emerges from which the name of the city is derived. This architectural gem accommodates a crucified Christ known as the Holy Christ of the Eye of Water, to which many parishioners attribute the presence of the spring, which seems to spring from its base. The temple began to be built around 1917 and the Holy Christ of the Eye of Water came to the city in 1927 by the third bishop of Saltillo, Jesus Mary Echavarría and Aguirre.
• St. Stephen's Parish: Of great historical value is this temple, built in 1592 as the town of San Esteban de la Nueva Tlaxcala, inhabited by the tlaxcaltecas. In addition, in 1847 in the battle of La Angostura performed the functions of hospital.
• Temple of Saint Francis of Assisi: Example of the spiritual fervor of its inhabitants is this church dating from the centuryXIX and that gives life to the square-garden of the same name, where there is a sculpture of the outstanding bullfighter Salillense Fermín Espinosa “Armillita Chico”.
• Temple of Saint John Nepomuceno: Jesuit temple built in the centuryXIX. In its neoclassical-style façade stands out its unfinished towers and its beautiful dome with windows. In its interior it shelters oils of Father Gonzalo Carrasco, evangelical sculptures, and a mural of the life of Saint John.
• Sanctuary of Guadalupe: Gothic style built in quarry in 1890 stands out in the city. At that time the Sanctuary belonged to the town of San Esteban de la Nueva Tlaxcala. In the upper and central part of the construction there is a clock, ojivale windows and arches, characteristic of the Gothic style that came to Mexico after the Maximilian empire.

Museums

In Saltillo there are around 22 museums, among them: Museo de los Presidentes' Coahuilenses, University Cultural Heritage Site, 'Pinacoteca Ateneo Fuente' of the Autonomous University of Coahuila, Museum-Parish Archive, Room of Natural History «Prof. Rafael B. Narro» (Athenaeum Source. Autonomous University of Coahuila), Museum of Paleontology of the Benemérita Normal School of Coahuila, Museum of Archeology «Prof. Carlos Cárdenas Villarreal» of the Benemérita Normal School of Coahuila.

• Museum of Coahuilense Presidents: Built to honor the memory and legacy of the five coahuilenses who have been Presidents of Mexico: Melchor Múzquiz, Francisco I. Madero, Eulalio Gutiérrez Ortiz, Roque González Garza and Venustiano Carranza. Exhibits photographs, documents and personal and official objects of these characters. He has the first presidential band that Guadalupe Victoria carried during his tenure as President.
• Landin Chapel Museum: The old chapel, built at the end of the centuryXVIII, is an emblematic monument and fundamental art of the architectural beauty of this capital that has been restored and preserved. It includes a museum area where a collection of 20 paintings of religious art from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries is displayed.
• Museum of the Angostura: In memory of the triumph of Mexican troops in front of the United States in 1847. It is housed by an old maid who in his time was the Normal School of the State.
• Museum of the Catrina: Painful space where we can appreciate the history of the Catrina, who represents death on the traditional Day of the Dead has a cafe where hot chocolate and dead bread are served every day of the year; it also has a library and video library where it is more detailed about this tradition.
• Taurina Culture Museum: His modern museum proposal, his interactive and didactic character, makes the museum the first in his type in Mexico; we invite him to give a detailed look at the vast and wonderful world of bull.
• Museo de las Aves de México: It has a collection of more than 2,500 birds (the largest collection of birds in Mexico and Latin America) mostly belonging to Mexican territory. The beautiful enclosure that houses it was the former Jesuit College "San Juan Nepomuceno".
• Desert Museum: Considered one of the best museums of natural history in Latin America, it has become an icon of the city. In its more than 12,300 m2 the visitor will be able to know from the origins of the planet, the deserts and the impressive dinosaurs, to the appearance of the first settlers and the fauna that today inhabits our ecosystem.
• Museum of Normalism: It relates the history of education in Coahuila. It has a collection of pedagogical instruments and a room dedicated to the distinguished graduates of the Benemérita Escuela Normal de Coahuila.
• Museum of the Government Palace: In this cultural space you will find the magic of this palace building, where the history of 250 years ago is told and the stages that Coahuila has lived will be known, in which the images and testimonies, the life and work of our ex-governors will be present.
• Sarape Museum and Typical Costumes: It promotes the investigation and rescue of a material heritage that forms part of the identity, both of the Salillenses and of the Mexicans. Exhibit the first sarapes produced in the centuryXIX and centuryXX.as well as the typical costumes of the region.
• El Giroscopio Museum: The Giroscope is a space for people of all ages, in which you can find science and technology, influence your daily life.
• Ruben Herrera Museum: Case dating from the centuryXVIII, where a collection of the Zapatista teacher Rubén Herrera is exhibited in Mexico and Europe. It has a temporary exhibition room, auditorium, and library.
• Museum of Graphic Arts MAG: In this new Museum in Saltillo, there is an important collection of more than 1400 objects that belonged to José Guadalupe Posada, Mexican engraver, known worldwide for his popular prints and social cartoons, inspired by the Mexican folklore. The aim is to spread and preserve printed art in the state of Coahuila. It seeks to promote the knowledge and appreciation of both industrial and artistic print techniques, to evaluate the work of visual artists and to rescue appreciation for the work of the printers.
• Natural History Room Profr. Rafael Narro del Ateneo Fuente: Located inside the Ateneo Fuente, the museum shows the evolution of land, man and species. In the room are displayed birds, mammals, reptiles and minerals that predominate in Coahuila.
• Museum of Cathium: The journalist and chronist of the city, Armando Fuentes Aguirre “Catón”, has turned the house of his ancestors into a museum that includes a collection of radio and cinema apparatuses, recordings in discs of various times, a video library and cultural radio station. Cultural activities also take place within the enclosure.

Museo de las Aves de México.

Leisure and recreation areas

Parks

• Alameda Zaragoza In addition to being an important lung for the city, which gives life and color through numerous groves, this Alameda is also recognized as one of the most beautiful in the country. Located in the vicinity of the Historic Center, it has countless passages that offer the possibility of comfortable and warm walks.
• Ciudad Deportiva Francisco I. Madero the largest park in the city, where the "Francisco I. Madero" baseball stadium and the Olympic stadium of the same name are located. It also has a large lake and several children's slippers.
• Mexican Army Urban Forest It is the largest green area of Saltillo, which elevates the quality of life of its inhabitants. It is a space with vegetation characteristic of the entity, housing pines, ash, white stick and pirul. On 30 October 2003, the first tree was planted, when it was still a project, and it currently has approximately 3000, spread over more than 12 hectares of forested land. In their different areas, recreational or sporting activities can be carried out. During weekends, walks and courses on environmental education are offered.
• Parque Las Maravillas The second largest park in the city. Fascinating recreation site with huge green areas, children's games, dishes, fountains and areas to practice various sports or just spend a good family day.
• Ecological Park El Chapulín The newly renovated park features attractions such as the El Chapulín Fountain, the Great Lake, the Coahuila Garden, the Tree of Life, the Garden of the Ancestors, the Garden of the Cactaceae, the Garden of the Sides and the Fountain of the Dolphins, spaces that offer various themes to attendees.
• 

  Library in Biblioparque Saltillo Sur
  Biblioparque Saltillo Sur: It has a book-shaped library, different football courts, two basketball courts, children's areas and an acoustic shell.
• Biblioparque Saltillo Norte: It has a guard, 7 football courts with artificial grass, mini-golf field, playground with artificial grass, beach volleyball courts, tennis courts, a bibliobosque with more than 1100 trees, illuminated monumental fountain and skating track, indoor parking, basketball courts, library and zip, among others.
• Mirador de la Plaza Mexico: This place offers an incredible panoramic view of the city, and also stands out for its historical importance, as on this site the U.S. army camped in the Battle of the Angostura against Mexican troops.
• Urdiñola Ecological Park: A park decorated with a waterfall, fountains and water mirrors.
• Parque Venustiano Carranza: Great outdoor public park. It has several walking trails, with green areas, children's games, roasters, shovels, courts and slopes to practice various sports such as skateboarding, tennis and cycling.
• Bellavista linear park-Water: In this place it was built on a stream that used to be shelter for thieves and drug addicts. Today it is a modern light linear park, which has fast football pitches, basketball, playgrounds and benches for the healthy recreation of the inhabitants of the area.
• Christ of the Wales: The structure placed in the highest part of the Cerro de las Galeras, tied with a white robe, with open arms and with the look on the Saltillo Valley, is located between the Guayulera colonies, La Minita, Mirador and Puerto de la Virgen, to the west of the city.
• Parque los Nogales (Biblioparque Poniente Saltillo): It is located to the west of the city within the Nogales II colony, has fast football pitches, basketball, tochito, playground, snack area, parking and a lot of nogales for which this name is given to the park.

Places

Plaza de la Nueva Tlaxcala.

• Plaza de Armas
• Plaza de las Cities Hermanas
• Plaza de los Hombres Ilustres
• Plaza de la Nueva Tlaxcala
• Plaza San Francisco
• Plaza Mexico
• Plaza de la Madre
• Plaza 1 de mayo
• Plaza Madero
• Plaza Ateneo
• Plaza del Compositor
• Plaza 1.o de Mayo
• Coahuila Square
• Plaza Juárez

Festivities

• International Saltillo Festival: In summer the city dresses at party and the Salillenses as well. Julio marks the arrival of one more year since the foundation of this city that served as a spearhead for the north of Mexico to be colonized.
• Julio Torri International Arts Festival: For 17 days throughout the state of Coahuila mainly the capital, activities related to each branch of the arts are carried out. The program is complemented by various concerts, film screenings, visual art exhibitions, theatre, dance, as well as academic and social development activities.
• Saltillo Fair: Previously known as Expo Feria Saltillo takes place during the months of July and August. It is a festive framework that has representative elements of folklore, art, culture and recreation, where you can enjoy Mexican cravings, crafts, pyrotechnics, commercial exhibition. mechanical games, agricultural pavilion, livestock exhibition, parián festival and potato flyers.
• Feast of the Holy Christ of the Chapel: It is the most traditional religious festival in Saltillo. Conmemorated every 6th of August, the culminating celebration of the Novenario of the Holy Christ of the Chapel is framed in popular verb, pilgrimages, seen dances of matachines, pyrotechnic games and the imparting of themes that infuse a spiritual sense, bringing together their own and strangers.
• Feast of the Holy Christ of the Water Eye: Since 1840, the second Sunday of September is the “Water’s Feast”. Devotees come to worship the Christ, and tourists visit the place to admire its architecture and historical value that preserves many aspects of colonial settlements. The religious celebration becomes a warm popular verbena where own and strangers have fun in mechanical games, participate in songs, dances and witness the famous dance of the Matachines.
• ZAPAL: It is the first festival dedicated to creating a strong Saltillo identity focused on three aspects of the area: musical, cultural and gastronomic. This is an event where people will be able to enjoy: gastronomic tastings of the most renowned establishments in the town, a concert with national and international artists and local bands; a fair with family attractions and convive areas with cultural demonstrations of painters, sculptors, poets and writers from Saltillo.
• International Book Fair in Arteaga: FILA is an event that has achieved a great roots not only local but national. It is aimed at promoting the reading and dissemination of local writers, consolidating new spaces, increasing editorial offers and increasing academic offers.
• Bej-Chéel Festival: It's the second music festival in the city. Bej-Chéel: CAMINO m: Beel, bej., ARCO m: IRIS: Chéel. Mayan legends tell us that at the end of the rainbow unimaginable treasures await us. Bej-Chéel is the way to the rainbow where you can enjoy your favorite Rock-Indie bands.
• Fósil Rock Fest: It is the music festival that brings together the best Mexican rock exponents in the city and is the third that emerges in the city.
• Rockoahuila Festival

Culture

Matlachinada 2014.

During the XX century, it was nicknamed the Athens of Mexico due to the large number of outstanding intellectual figures.

Sarape from Saltillo

Sarape Museum.

The sarape (or jorongo) is a rectangular garment, worn by men, with or without an opening for the head and multicolored stripes that fade like a rainbow. It is one of the most representative objects of Mexico. The serape is a garment of the traditional male clothing of Mexico, generally of bright colors and with patterns or designs that are generally somewhat predictable. It can be worn elegantly and is relatively the male equivalent of the women's shawl.

The serape is a part of the characteristic clothing of "lo mexicano", that is, of the stereotype of the national, along with the hat, which unites Mesoamerican and European weaving traditions, as well as pre-Hispanic and colonial themes.

It is usually made of wool, a fiber that maintains heat more efficiently, but it is also woven from cotton. The thickness of the thread chosen for the weaving, as well as its material, the very elaboration of each necessary knot and the final size of the serape, are variables that influence the final weight of the serape, and also the sensation that it gives as an easy material. to drive.

It is traditional in various parts of Mexico, such as Saltillo. In fact, it was settlers of Tlaxcalan origin who brought the serape to Coahuila de Zaragoza, Zacatecas, and probably to New Mexico.

It is often compared to a Mexican poncho without a hat and is known by different names throughout the country, such as: tilma, chamarro, cotón, cobija or frazada. It is also known as a gabán, but it can be said that this last name is wrong, since the serape does not have a central opening to insert the head.

It serves as a coat, blanket, bedspread, tablecloth or cloak. It also adorns walls and floors, as a tapestry or carpet. Another use is to put it on the horse before getting on the saddle. And in the past, during fights, it also served as a practical shield, especially as a hindrance against sharp objects.

In the Historic Center you can visit the Sarapes Factory, where you can see how one of these garments is created and, if you wish, buy one. In 2009, the Museum of Mexican Serape and Trajes (Allende 160 south) was inaugurated in Saltillo, with specimens from the XVIIIth century and XIX century, and where the processes of obtaining wool, its dyeing, loom weaving and its use throughout history.

Pulque Bread

Pulque bread is the great tradition of the region, currently the city of Saltillo is related to or synonymous with this product, sought after by inhabitants and consumers from the entire country as well as from abroad; Other well-known breads are also walnut empanadas, chorreadas, molletes, braid bread, bishops, etc. In addition, a typical dish of this city is roast meat, kid, etc.

The Rondalla de Saltillo of the UAAAN

The city of Saltillo is famous for its rondalla, being the highest representative of the rondallesco movement in Mexico for more than five decades. The Rondalla de Saltillo went beyond the established limits and created its own style. It has multiple recordings and has toured various countries, it is characterized by using guitars, requintos, a double bass, voices and a poet, elegant clothing, tailored suit or tuxedo. The poet Marco Antonio Aguirre came to La Rondalla de Saltillo as a guest in 1966 and wrote part of the history together with the founders of the group, with tours, 30 recorded albums and international fame. Just when the group celebrated 20 years of history, Marco Antonio Aguirre, stopped belonging to the Rondalla. Being later, of the same elements, where he chose the speaker in turn. Being Eng. Pedro Chacón Jiménez, who from 1998 to date, acts as a speaker, in addition to being the current legal representative. It is important to point out that the Rondalla has always been made up of UAAAN students (the stay is the duration of the degree, they finish and give way to new students, that is why it remains fresh and with its original style) and until the In 2021, he had achieved more than 50 record productions and many hits that all of Mexico has sung. Of which may be mentioned: "Wendolyn", "I wish you love", "Like", Die of love", "Heart of rock& #34;, "Love Story Theme", "Anniversary", "I Cant Forget You", "Love Punishment", & #34;My old Christ", As far as I love you", "Castle of sand", "If we had little time left" and the most recent from the 50th anniversary album, "Alondra" and "Unfaithful woman". To celebrate its 55th anniversary, it is intended to launch two record productions on the market and thus remain popular with the public.

The Rondalla de Saltillo of the UAAAN continues to be Institutional, large, authentic and original. He proudly represents the University where he was born, the colors of the Sarape of his Land and the Colossus of the North, the powerful state of Coahuila. The journey continues.

Sports

Representative teams of Saltillo

	Sports	Competitions	Stadium
Atletico Saltillo Soccer	Football	Second Division	Saltillo Olympic Stadium
Saltillo Soccer F.C.	Football	Third Division	Saltillo Olympic Stadium
Saraperos de Saltillo	Baseball	Mexican League of Baseball	Estadio Francisco I. Madero
UAdeC Wolves	Basketball	ABE League	Gymnasium Profr. Manuel de Jesús Morales
Tell us	American Football	Mexican Professional American Football League	Olympic stadium
UAdeC Wolves	American College Football	ONEFA	Estadio Jorge Castro Medina

Baseball

Represented by Saraperos de Saltillo - Mexican Baseball League, Two-time LMB Champions 2009-2010

The Saraperos de Saltillo arrived in the Mexican Baseball League in 1970. They had their origins in a dinner held by the members of the Pro-Works Committee of the Saltillo Cathedral, whose president was Mr. Jorge Torres Casso.

Football

• Represented by Atlético Saltillo Soccer F.C. in Mexico's Second Division since 2017.
• Represented by Saltillo Soccer F.C. in Mexico's Third Division

American Football

• Represented by Dinos in the Mexican Professional American Football League (LFA)
• Represented by Wolves of the Autonomous University of Coahuila, in the Major League of the National Student Organization of American Football
• Represented by Valkirias, Liga Femenil Profesional, Organización Nacional Profesional Femenil de Fútbol Americano

Basketball

• Represented by the UAdeC Wolfs in the second division of the ABE League (Association of Student Basketball).
• Represented by the Saltillo Caktus is a team of the Northeast Basketball Circuit

Boxing

On November 25, 1923, in the old “Guadalupe” bullring, what is considered the first professional boxing fight in Saltillo took place, between Ignacio Cerecero (white shorts) and Humberto Cid González, “El Relámpago ”, who was victorious at the end of the fight. The railroader Samuel Ortega Hernández served as arbitrator. The name of Humberto Cid González "El Relámpago" was imposed in 1977 on one of the streets of a new neighborhood in the city.

Sports venues

Francisco I. Madero baseball stadium.

• Olympic stadium
• Stadium of Baseball Francisco I. Madero
• Municipal gym of Saltillo
• University Sports Unit
• Gymnasium Nazario Ortiz Garza
• Canvas Charro Profr. Enrique González Treviño
• Club Campestre Saltillo
• Club Campestre Lourdes
• Aquatic Centre 2000
• Plaza de Toros Armillita
• Arena 8 seconds

Illustrious people

Some notable characters:

Writers

• Manuel Acuña. Romantic poet, author of "Nocturno, Rosario" and "Before a Cadáver".
• Armando Fuentes Aguirre (Catón) - Cronist of the city.
• Julio Torri - Master, reporter and writer.
• Artemio de Valle Arizpe - Writer and historian.
• Alfonso Aguirre - Writer

Artists

• Fernando Soler - Actor at the golden age of national cinema.
• Andrés Soler - Actor in the Golden Age of National Cinema
• Rubén Aguirre (Professor Jirafales) - Comedy actor.
• Magda Guzmán - Actress.
• Roberto "Flaco" Guzmán - Actor.
• Humberto Elizondo - Actor.
• Flor Aguirre de Hernández (Floresita) - piano teacher.

Politicians

• Eulalio Gutiérrez Treviño - Governor of the State of Coahuila (Period 1969-1975).
• Oscar Flores Tapia - Governor of the State (Period 1975-1981).
• Nazario S. Ortiz Garza Ex-Government of the State of Coahuila.
• Roque González Garza - Acting President of Mexico.
• Vito Alessio Robles - Revolutionary General.
• Juan Antonio de la Fuente - Lawyer, Law on Freedom of Religion.

Businessmen and Others

• Baldemar Yruegas Betancourt - January 23, 1990, Businessman, BALYB Group Founder (Torreón).
• Aldegundo Garza de León - Founder of the Museo de las Aves de México.
• Isidro López Zertuche -(1892-1959) Entrepreneur, founder of the Moto Islo plant, the first motorcycle factory in Latin America.
• Fermin Espinosa Armillita - Bullfighter.
• Czech Marrero - Engineer, BeerSommelier and Golfer.
• César Humberto Cantu Benavides - Founder of Mexican Biochemical Group.
• Marcelino Garza- Founder of the Coahuila Bank and donate the Plaza de los Hombres Ilustres to the city. Banker, farmer and rancher. Dueño de la Hacienda de Guadalupe (where the Guadalupe treaty is signed in the Mexican Revolution).

Athletes

• Karla Susana Wheelock Aguayo - alpinist.
• Humberto Cid González “The Lightning” - boxer.
• Carlos Pacheco - Professional baseball player
• Santiago Chávez - Professional baseball player

Fabricio Macías - Professional baseball player

• Javier Míreles - Professional baseball player

Daniel Cruz - Professional baseball player

Sister cities

The city of Saltillo has the following sister cities around the world: