Sabinas hidalgo

Sabinas Hidalgo is a town and a municipality in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico; It is located in the north of the state, bordered to the north by Lampazos; to the south with Salinas Victoria and Higueras; to the east with Vallecillo and Agualeguas; to the west with Lampazos, Villaldama and to the southwest with Salinas Victoria.

Foundation

General Ignacio de Maya was the official founder of this town on July 25, 1693. Santiago Apostle Day 1693; calling it Real de Santiago de las Sabinas, later it was called Villa de Sabinas Hidalgo, in honor of the Father of the country Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. The name Sabinas comes from the large number of Sabinos (Taxodium mucronatum) (trees that the Spanish confused with those of the old world) And it was constituted as a city in 1971 with the current name.

Licenciado Don Francisco de la Calancha y Valenzuela was the first settler of the Real de Santiago de las Sabinas, this in the year 1692.

Its foundation was based on the fact that a spring was found, which was transformed into a park in the 1920s and which is known as El Ojo de Agua, in addition to this spa, there are also among its tourist attractions the parks La Turbina, El Charco del Lobo and the Temple of the Parish of San José, built in the XVIII century, in front of the main square.

Of the first grant, only twelve large livestock sites are made valid, since a part of the lands that are covered by said grant were on the other side of the Sabinas river because these lands are populated by mercedes, although modern, so as not to harm the sayings that they are populated, which belong to General Pedro Echeverz y Subiza and General Antonio Fernández Vallejo".

Finally accepting ownership of fourteen large cattle sites, three small cattle sites and eight caballerias of land that "began to be measured from the boundaries of the lands of sergeant major Antonio López de Villegas, who was summoned and began from a point called Piedras Coloradas, Cerro de los Picachos, below these boundaries the aforementioned sites were buried with their cavalries of land, with their entrances and exits, water holes and troughs, including below the town of said commissioner, and by As regards the quality of said lands, they are very mountainous and have few water holes, as regards the work that benefits it, it is very good, although it has been cut open at the point of an ax for having seen the trunks of the cut shortwoods.; He likewise certified publicly and notoriously that he was the first settler of the Sabinas and then the others. The foundation date of the Real de Santiago de las Sabinas is obtained by the following references: A) From the documents that protect the properties of the first settlers, or. B) Of reference that later in the official documents are established.

For example, Licenciado de la Calancha y Valenzuela alleging antiquity and right of the first settler, stated in 1710 "that I have populated said valley 18 years ago" that is, in 1692, the date surely corresponding to the mercy granted by Governor Pedro Fernández de la Ventoza. Furthermore, the foundation of the Real as such, that is, of a mining town, dates back to the time of Governor Juan Pérez Merino, in 1693, coinciding with the statement made by La Calancha y Valenzuela when testifying in the aforementioned document that & #34;at his invitation General Ignacio de Maya entered with this group and then the others".

We must distinguish two types of original populations between 1692 and 1693 in the Real de Santiago de las Sabinas. On the one hand, Licenciado de la Calancha y Valenzuela, as the first settler, concentrated the workers on his labor farm, which would later be the San Francisco Javier Hacienda and then the Larraldeña Hacienda.

On the other hand, the mining town that boomed from 1693 with the activity of General Ignacio de Maya and his son-in-law General Pedro Echeverez y Subiza who settled on the north side of the Sabinas river. The year of foundation is recognized as 1693 since in the official documents from 1731 to 1836 reference is made alluding to that year.

The request that General Ignacio de Maya makes to Governor Pedro Fernández de la Ventoza to grant him a grant of two large cattle sites and four caballerias of land in the Sabinas river marked the following references: & #34;from both bands, where it is most comfortable and by potrerillo about a league and a half from said river, like one who goes at the head of snakes, to the left and some long hills, bases, on the other side little leaf of water like a carrizalejo" You request it, "by the news that I was given of the discovery of the mines that have been made, entitled Nuestra Señora de San Juan and Boca de Leones, I come to the said mines in consideration of having seemed to me the quality of the metals I claim populate it by finding me with the necessary accoutrements and adherents, mules and all the other annexes for which he requested to found a water mill".

This request was satisfactorily resolved to General Maya, marking him from the north bank of the river. The favor is granted on February 3, 1692.

Timeline of Historical Facts

• 1716: The intense rains that fall for 40 days in a row make the River Sabinas take a dangerous flow, rooting with everything on its margins.
• Monday, July 7, 1851: A hurricane overflows the river, which floods the oldest part of Sabinas, so that the Barrio del Aguacate became an islet.

• Saturday, October 8, 1881: Torrenciales rains caused floods in Sabinas.

• Wednesday, February 14, 1894: A layer of 80 centimeters of incommunicado snow to Sabinas.

• 1907-1909: An intense drought hits Sabinas causing the loss of livestock and crops, it ended in the summer of 1909 with the torrential rains that appeared at the beginning of July.

• Thursday, July 1, 1909: A hurricane caused torrential rains flooding Sabinas Hidalgo, Villaldama and Bustamante.

• Saturday, August 28, 1909: There are torrential rains caused by a hurricane, these cause the River Sabinas to overflow and use the old branch of the river, which was populated. The center of Sabinas was flooded; that day, volunteers helped the rescue of people by the collapse of the houses and the rescue of important documents in the San José Temple and municipal presidency, because they were completely flooded, and the main square was covered by water.

• 1933: The arrival of 3 hurricanes was held; the first in Category 2 on 8 July, the second in Category 1 on 5 August and 6 September one in Category 3, the latter caused an impressive increase in the river.

• Wednesday, September 6, 1933: The growing up raged with the savannahs on the banks of the river; many of them stopped on the bridge of the national road, causing the water to pass over the bridge, the road workers had to intervene, doing a rebatch at one of the ends of the bridge because the water force threatened to destroy it.

• Monday, January 9, 1967: An intense and historical snowfall is recorded, the largest of the centuryXX.which incommunicates Sabinas.
• Tuesday 19 September 1967: Hurricane Beulah (1967) of category 5 plays land in Matamoros; on 21 September Sabinas is incommunicado.

• December 23, 1983: Above Sabinas the "Siberian Express" that froze much of North America; on December 24 the temperature was falling from -6 °C to -8 °C; the 25, Christmas day is recorded the lowest temperature of recent history with -12 °C, some areas outside the city reached the thermal sensation of -14 °C.
• Saturday, September 17, 1988: Hurricane Gilberto produces torrential rains, which make the river take a dangerous flow, which washed everything in its path, taking ranches, animals and urban infrastructure.

• December 22, 1989: The "Alaska Express" comes with temperatures up to -10 °C.

• On Tuesday 11 and Wednesday 12 September 2001: torrential rains are recorded that cause the growth of streams.

• Thursday 21 July 2005: Category 3 Hurricane Emily (2005) causes intense rains up to 12 inches.

• On Thursday, 26 and Friday, July 27, 2007: There are torrential rains of almost 300 millimeters; these cause the flooding of the streams "La Morita" and "El Jabalí" flooding various colonies of the municipality. The storm surprised the population, which was celebrating the foundation fair; it was postponed until the conditions improved.
• Tuesday, March 18, 2008: A cold front causes strong wind bursts of up to 100 km/h; these raised a dust storm that decreased visibility, and reported the fall of panoramic ads, fires and cuts in the supply of electricity.
• Thursday, 1 July 2010: Hurricane Alex (2010) caused record rains of 30 inches; more precisely, which caused the River Sabinas to take root with the facilities of the park La Turbina, El Charco del Lobo and several bridges and vades, as well as a widespread flooding of streams that opened way between the streets. Hundreds of families were affected by entering water in their homes, urban infrastructure was also severely affected. It was so much rainfall that after several months the rivers and streams continued with flow.

• Since September 2010 and 2011, 2012 and half of 2013 there was an intense drought the worst in many years, which caused the Ojo de Agua, the river and the aquifers to reach an alarmingly low level, hundreds of people were affected by the loss of sow and cattle. Fortunately the rains returned in September 2013.

• Monday, 16 September 2013: Hurricane Ingrid causes intense rains that end a drought of almost 3 years.
• On Saturday night, May 23, 2015, a severe storm with violent wind gusts was recorded, which caused damage to the facilities of La turbina Park.

• 26, 27 and 28 September 2017: There are extreme rains of 500 millimeters caused by the Cold Front 3 of the season, which overflowed the streams of "La Morita" and "El Jabalí". The rainfall was equivalent to that of a year. The most critical day was Thursday, September 28. The Monterrey-Nuevo Laredo motorway was closed as well as the Federal Highway 85 at the height of streams such as "El Zacatecas", "Las Jaras" and "La Morita", between Sabinas Hidalgo and Vallecillo.

• The amazing winter of 2017-2018 left unforgettable landscapes with snowfalls on December 8 and December 31, 2017, as well as on January 1 and 2, 2018. An extraordinary event since there was no snowfall more than once in the same winter season. The last less intense snowfall was on 14 and 15 January 2018.
• On the afternoon of Thursday, April 9, 2020, severe weather occurs, with violent wind and hail bursts that reached the size of baseballs, which caused damage to cars, homes, ranches and animals in the field. 2020 was a year in which severe time was recorded more often than in previous years.

• On Saturday, May 30, 2020, a fun cloud was captured on the outskirts of the municipality, days earlier, funnel clouds and similar torbellinos were recorded in other nearby municipalities.
• On Sunday and Monday 14 and 15 February 2021, freezing temperatures of up to -7°C are recorded with thermal sensations of -12°C, breaking the minimum temperature record for a month of February that was -3°C, which dates from 1980. This caused a severe frost; the thermometer remained below zero for several hours, this led to the death of the region's non-native flora.

• 2022: An intense drought hits Sabinas and the region, causing the River Sabinas and the aquifers to reach an alarmingly low level. Fortunately, intense rains occurred on 3 and 4 September, thus reviving the withered vegetation and the bodies of water.

• Monday, May 15, 2023: There is a severe storm that left a record catch of 114 millimeters of rain in half an hour, causing floods in streets, homes and shops.

Demographics

Its population, according to the 2015 Population and Housing Count is 35,546 inhabitants, of which 30,998 live in the municipal capital and 1,042 in the other communities. The 2010 census update shows 34,860.

The number of men is 15,876 and women are 16,614; The age group with the largest number of residents is 10 to 14 years old with 3,237.

The average age of the population is 27 years, being 26 for men and 28 for women.

Climate

The climate of Sabinas Hidalgo is BSh - Warm Semiarid. Throughout the year, there is little rainfall. According to Köppen and Geiger the climate is classified as BSh. In Sabinas Hidalgo, the average annual temperature is 22.4°C. The most intense rains are recorded between the months of May to September, between these months there are electrical storms on very severe occasions that lead to flash floods, hailstorms and damaging winds. The rainfall varies so much that there are years between 500 mm and 1000 mm due to tropical systems and extreme droughts. Rainfall here averages 576 millimeters. In the summer and spring seasons, the maximum reaches over 30°C and even 40°C, sometimes torrid temperatures are reached that exceed 40°C. The maximum recorded temperature occurred on May 13, 1995 with 48.5°C. In winter, the average maximum is 18°C and the minimum can drop below 0°C, and there may even be snowfall or frost, although snowfall is not very common. The minimum temperature recorded was given on December 25, 1983 with -12°C.

Climate BSh - Warm semiarid of Sabinas Hidalgo:

Average climatic parameters of Sabinas Hidalgo (308 m s. n. m.) Normal and extreme: 1951-2010
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Temp. max. abs. (°C)	39.5	41.0	45.3	46.0	48.5	47.5	44.0	44.0	44.5	40.0	39.0	38.5	48.5
Average temperature (°C)	20.9	24.0	27.8	31.6	34.8	37.0	37.1	36.6	33.6	29.5	24.6	20.8	29.8
Average temperature (°C)	13.7	16.2	19.4	23.4	27.0	29.4	29.6	29.3	26.5	22.4	17.4	14.0	22.4
Temp. medium (°C)	6.5	8.5	11.0	15.3	19.3	21.8	22.1	21.9	19.8	15.3	10.3	7.2	14.9
Temp. min. abs. (°C)	−4.0	−7.0	−4.0	0.0	7.0	11.0	11.0	12.0	2.5	0.0	−2.0	−12.0	−12.0
Total precipitation (mm)	26.5	20.7	19.7	43.6	55.3	55.8	69.2	74.9	128.8	48.9	14.2	18.5	576.1
Nevadas (cm)	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
Rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)	4.7	4.0	3.3	4.2	5.3	4.4	4.2	4.6	6.4	4.6	3.4	3.3	52.4
Days of snowfall (≥ 1 mm)	1.0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.0
Hours of sun	193	137	155	167.	163	178	194	226	167.	142	196	185.	2104
Relative humidity (%)	47	44	40	40	50	51	53	56	60	71	58	53	65
Source: National Meteorological Service

Economy

Its economy is based on food preparation and livestock in various branches, from breeding, fattening, importing and exporting live, carcass and processed cattle, as well as the preparation and respective marketing of products dairy, however since the mid-century XX is also distinguished by its clothing industry, mainly for women and girls. Primarily fodder for livestock is grown, but cereals such as corn and wheat are also cultivated on a smaller scale. Fruits, the most demanded by visitors is avocado, but watermelon, melon and pumpkin are also harvested.

Education

The municipality's literacy rate is 95.2 percent among those over 6 years of age.

There are twenty educational centers for preschool education, thirty for primary education, eight for secondary education, and five institutions for upper secondary education.

In higher education there is a Normal School for teachers that offers degrees in preschool education and primary education; and with four extensions of faculties of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León: the Faculty of Public Accounting and Administration that offers the careers of Public Accountant, a degree in Administration and a degree in Information Technology; the Faculty of Law and Criminology offers the Law Degree and the Criminology Degree; the Faculty of Nursing and the Faculty of Psychology. There are private institutions, including the "John F. Kennedy" Preschool and English, The San Eugenio Institute, with preschool, primary and secondary levels, the "Sabinas" Commercial Academy, accounting technicians and other specialties, as well as two beauty academies. The Higher Institute for Integral Education of Monterrey that offers Graduate programs in Education.

Government

The highest authority in the city council is the council headed by the Mayor and also accompanied by eight aldermen, 6 of them by relative majority and the remaining two by proportional representation in addition to 2 trustees.

Sabinas Hidalgo is part of the twenty-first local electoral district together with the municipalities of Ciudad Anáhuac, Lampazos de Naranjo, Bustamante, Villaldama and Vallecillo, with whom it shares a deputy in the Nuevo León State Congress.

Likewise, the municipality is part of the 12th Federal Electoral District of the state of Nuevo León.

Geography

Topography

It is located in a part of the Great Plain of North America with elevations between 400 and 200 ms. no. m., with mountain ranges on the western and southern limits (Sierras de la Iguana, Santa Clara, Picachos and Minas Viejas with more than 1,200 m s. n. m.).

Geology

The municipality is located on sediments from the Phanerozoic eon of the Mesozoic era, more precisely from the upper and middle Cretaceous periods (mountains) and the Turonian age (plains). At that time, the municipality was submerged at the bottom of a shallow sea; so, the fossils that can be found correspond to molluscs, mainly ammonites and shells, vestiges of the ancient coastal zone. Within the fossils of the recent geological past (Quaternary era) remains of mammoth and wood have been found.

Hydrography

Sabinas Hidalgo is crossed from West to East by the Sabinas River, which belongs to the Río Bravo Hydrological Region and in turn to the Falcón Dam-Río Salado Basin, located in the central-north-northwest portion of the state of Nuevo León. (Not to be confused with the Sabinas River in Sabinas (Coahuila)). It is a river with intermittent flow, it only fills its cause in the rainy season or with the arrival of some tropical system. When this happens it becomes extremely dangerous.

The hydrological region has a surface area of 39,661 square kilometers, and the basin 13,275, the latter representing 21% of the state surface, according to the Geographic Synthesis and the Statistical Yearbook of the State of Nuevo León, from INEGI.

It is born between some mountain ranges shared with the state of Coahuila through different currents of intermittent regime, among them the calls Huisache-El Salado and La Negra. It heads northeast, crossing a canyon between the Bustamante and Morena mountains, where the current is already perennial and there it takes the name of Sabinas. It then passes through the towns of Bustamante and Villaldama, reaching Sabinas Hidalgo at an altitude of 313 meters above sea level. The river runs a little over 200 kilometers from its source to its mouth in the Río Salado, which later fills the Falcón Dam, between Mexico and the United States.

Culture

Every year the Foundation Fair is held in the municipality in July, to commemorate one more anniversary of the existence of Sabinas Hidalgo, in which various cultural events are held, such as the presentation of books alluding to the municipality, exhibitions of plastic arts, samples of folk dances from different parts of the region and the country, among others.

Since 2010, the MOTO ROCK event has been held in April, organized by the municipal Tourism Secretariat, which attracts a large number of visitors. In its 2014 edition, it had more than 1,000 motorcyclists, from clubs in many cities in the Northeast, Texas and Mexico City, among others.

On February 25, 2007, the Sabinas Hidalgo History and Culture Council was established, an organization whose purpose is to promote and disseminate the history, traditions, and culture of Sabinas.

Second Saturday of Art: an event that takes place in the main square of this city, and that is organized on the second Saturday of each month, where plastic artists, letters, music and other expressions come together in a family and enthusiastic framework.

Tourism

Christmas and New Year's festivities are deeply rooted and by far the most important and main throughout the year. Thousands of people flock from the United States and other places to visit the city and reunite with their families. There are all kinds of events, car races, dances, and celebrations of a social and religious nature.

Sabinas Hidalgo, N. L. offers natural landscapes of great beauty such as: Ojo de Agua Park, La Turbina Park, Charco del Lobo Park, La Coleada Park, among others.

La Turbina Park: 4 km away, it has an artificial waterfall at the foot of Cerro de La Cuchilla, it has water games, palapas, grills, restaurants, courts and children's games.

Charco del Lobo Park: 3 km away, a family gathering place with palapas and grills next to the Sabinas River, it has playgrounds and parking.

Ojo de Agua Park: 5 km away, running water pool, slides, games, grills, palapas, ideal for camping.

La Coleada Park: Facilities next to the "Mariano Escobedo" from the community of Sombreretillo, with palapas, children's games, boat dump.

Mariano Escobedo Dam: You can practice water sports. It has an area for camping and enjoying nature in a direct way.

Sierra de Picachos: Protected Natural Area with 27 species of mammals and 139 species of birds, 51 reptiles and 12 amphibians.

Sabinas Hidalgo has a huge expanse of mountainous landscapes and mountain circuits. The main peaks that surround the municipal seat are part of the Sierra de Santa Clara: El Pico de Santa Clara, La Cruz del Aire, La Mesa de los Burros, La Mesa del Cedral and Los Tres Picos, this last mountain is recognized as a regular training site for local mountaineers. In the western part is the Sierra de la Iguana or Minas Viejas, with important heights and superb landscapes. In the Sierra de Picachos, there are places covered with pine and oak forests, and with main peaks: Pico Picachos, Picacho El Durazno, (Las Hayas) Pico El Gallo, and the peaks of Pico Nueces. All of them preferred by athletes who usually climb them. They are summits that offer a challenge and require experience and good physical condition.

Celso Garza Guajardo Regional History Museum Here arrowheads are exhibited as well as other interesting historical documents.

Temple of San José Built in 1710 and its main attraction is an altarpiece covered in gold leaf, in the Churrigueresque style, the only one with these characteristics in the entire state.

Sports

The most practiced sports in Sabinas Hidalgo are soccer, softball, baseball and basketball, without leaving aside the practice of other disciplines such as volleyball and athletics.

Football

The municipality has infrastructure for the practice of different sports disciplines, the most popular of which is soccer, which is played daily in different leagues, the largest of which is the Municipal League, which brings together 28 teams that face each other. each Sunday; In addition, there are several night soccer and fast soccer tournaments.

On a professional level, the city hosted the professional team Alazapas, who played in the Third Division of Mexican Professional Soccer; and from which two players emerged to the First Division: Carlos Alanís with Club de Fútbol Monterrey; and Mario Hernández Lash, from Atlante.

Softball

The second most popular sport is softball, practiced in three different leagues that play on Friday nights, one of them; the other on Saturday afternoons; and the third on Sundays; being the night organized in part by the Sabinas Hidalgo Little Baseball League to get financial resources to promote children's sports.

Baseball

Precisely, baseball is another of the sports with the largest number of followers and that has given the Sabinenses the most satisfaction, especially at the children's level, since the Sabinas Hidalgo Little Baseball League won three national championships in the eighties, the first of them in 1980 in Tampico, Tamaulipas; the second in 1982 in Anahuac, Chihuahua; and the third of them was conquered at home in 1986; all in the minor category, which is made up of children of 9 and 10 years of age.

In addition to that 1986 tournament, the city has hosted other national championships in this sport, in 1981 it hosted the IMSS National Baseball Championship in the youth category "A", youngsters aged 14 and 15 years of age; In that same year, the Little League hosted the IV Little League National Championship in the moyote division, for children between 6 and 8 years of age, in which the park owners obtained the runner-up; and In 1988 the National Championship of the School Baseball Games was held in the children's category, children 11 and 12 years old, a tournament that was awarded to the representative of the state of Baja California, obtaining the local squad, representing Nuevo León, the second place.

On the international level, Sabinas Hidalgo has been the sub-venue of two world championships in the specialty organized by the International Baseball Federation, the first in 1990 in the AA category, young people aged 14 and 15, which was won by Japan defeating Brazil in the final; and the following year, in 1991, in the AAA category of the same organization, involving young people from 16 to 18 years of age, the representative of Cuba winning the championship, defeating the United States of America in the final.

The only athlete from Sabiná to be part of a professional team in an organized league was a baseball player, Mario "La Paloma" Ibarra, who played for the Reynosa Broncos of the Mexican Baseball League.

Communications

The municipality is crossed by federal highway 85 Mexico-Nuevo Laredo, and is the end of three state highways: the Sabinas-Parás state highway, the Sabinas-Villaldama highway, the Sabinas-Lampazos de Naranjo highway, the which is not completely paved.

There are several means of communication in the city through which Sabinenses obtain information and entertainment.

Electronic media

Radius

It has three radio stations XESH Radio Sabinas on 1400 AM; and XHSBH FM-100 on 100.9 FM, commercial stations owned by Grupo Radio Alegría; and XHSAB, Expresión FM that transmits through the 89.5 FM frequency of Radio Nuevo León, the state radio; Likewise, the signal from radio stations in Monterrey, Nuevo Laredo, and other stations from neighboring states and the United States of America is received.

Television

In Sabinas Hidalgo there are repeater stations of the national channels 2 of Televisa broadcasting on channel 9, and 7 of TV Azteca on channel 8; and 12 and 64 from Monterrey, which broadcast through 11 and 64 of Multimedios Televisión; and the official signal of the state government, TV Nuevo León XHMNL Channel 28 of Monterrey, which broadcasts its signal through local channel 13; and as with the radio, you can receive the signal from several foreign channels.

It has a local cable system called Cablevisión belonging to Grupo Multimedios that Monterrey, Nuevo León, which offers 55 signals from national, international and regional channels, as well as its own channel, through which programs produced and hosted by people of the city.

The population also enjoys a greater diversity of programming through the DTH, SKY and Dish satellite systems.

Radio amateurs

Radio Club Sabinas maintains constant communication with radio amateurs, mainly transmitting in the 2-meter band, and with a repeater in the testing phase.

Print media

Print media include Semana Regional, a weekly founded in 1953; La Prensa de Sabinas 2a. epoch, a morning newspaper that reports on the most relevant events in Sabinas Hidalgo and the region; the weekly La Opinión; and the magazine Visión Rotaria, published bimonthly by the Sabinas Hidalgo Rotary Club and with free circulation to communicate its activities and raise funds for social benefit works through the sale of advertising.