RTVE

The Corporación de Radio y Televisión Española, Sociedad Anónima, S.M.E., known simply as Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), is a State mercantile company that organizes the indirect management of the public service of radio and television in Spain. It was created in 2007 after the re-foundation of the former Public Entity Radiotelevisión Española.

The corporation divides its television and radio services into two sections: Televisión Española (TVE) for audiovisuals and Radio Nacional de España (RNE) for radio, which had previously been companies integrated into the Entity it replaced. Its operation since January 2010, is financed by an item from the General State Budget, which covers 50% of the expenses, while the other half comes from an extra tax of 0.9% on telephone companies, on 3 % of revenues from open private televisions and 1.5% from pay televisions.

In addition to its media divisions, RTVE also houses other sections with other types of activities, such as the RTVE Institute or the RTVE Symphony Orchestra. In addition, it is a member of the European Broadcasting Union.

History

In the exercise of its public service function, the Public Entity RTVE was to serve as an essential vehicle for information and political participation of citizens, for the formation of public opinion, for cooperation with the educational system, for the dissemination of culture Spain and its nationalities and regions, as well as a capital means to contribute to real and effective freedom and equality, with special attention to the protection of the marginalized and non-discrimination of women.

The Entity conformed in 1980 with the Radio and Television Statute that included in the Public Entity RTVE, the state companies Radio Nacional de España, Radiocadena Española and Televisión Española and dissolved the previous Autonomous Entity RTVE. The broadcasting network, the Spanish Radio and Television Institute and the RTVE Orchestra and Choirs were integrated as common services attached to the Entity.

The PSOE governments (1982-1996)

Alfonso Guerra, vice president of the government, presides over the inauguration of the new general director of RTVE, José María Calviño.

After the victory of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party in the 1982 general elections, José María Calviño was appointed general director of RTVE. His tenure at the head of public radio and television in Spain lasted until 1986 and he was not exempt from criticism, controversy and accusations of partisan manipulation.

He tried to completely renew the image and spirit of television in Spain. Innovative and avant-garde programs such as La bola de cristal, Si yo fuera presidente or La edad de oro aspire to the implantation of a model of quality public television. This, however, did not prevent prime time slots from being occupied by North American series such as Dynasty or Falcon Crest.

Regarding its information policy, it appointed José Luis Balbín as director of TVE's Information Services. However, subsequent disagreements between the two led to his dismissal and the withdrawal of the program La clave . He was replaced first by Enrique Vázquez and then by Enric Sopena. During Calviño's tenure, other classic faces of information on TVE were also dismissed, such as Paloma Gómez Borrero, a correspondent for TVE in Rome and the Vatican. At the same time, he incorporated a new generation of journalists, led by Paco Lobatón, Concha García Campoy and Ángeles Caso, who renewed the image of the Newscasts .

Among the political scandals of the time is the controversy generated by the overprinting of the initials of the PSOE in the repetition of the goals of Emilio Butragueño in the Spain-Denmark match of the 1986 Soccer World Cup, on Telediario 2 of June 19, 1986. The management of the news throughout that period was a constant cause of controversy due to the continuous accusations of political manipulation and the media professional, Luis Mariñas, went so far as to affirm that the text of the news was previously reviewed by the Government.

After the 1986 general elections, Calviño was replaced in his post by Pilar Miró. This managed to inaugurate the mythical Buñuel Studios in 1988. During her period, very popular programs such as La bola de cristal were suppressed. Regarding his information policy, he appointed Julio de Benito as director of TVE's Information Services.

In January 1989, Miró was replaced as head of the Public Entity by Luis Solana. She counted on Diego Carcedo in the direction of TVE's Information Services.

After Luis Solana's brief hiatus, in 1990 Jordi García Candau was appointed the new general director of RTVE and entrusted the direction of TVE's Information Services to the journalist María Antonia Iglesias. One of his greatest challenges is to face the birth of private television. Telediario, like the rest of the programs on the public channel's grid, are for the first time in history, with competing slots with which from then on they will have to compete to retain their audience.

At that time the complaints by the PP of manipulation of information on TVE intensified. For example, the main opposition party highlighted that in the newscast broadcast on October 28, 1992, the decade of governments presided over by Felipe González as "a time full of successes and goals achieved".

The PP governments (1996-2004)

After the victory of the PP in the 1996 general elections, Mónica Ridruejo was appointed general director of RTVE. In the first years of the Government of the Popular Party, the same person, Ernesto Sáenz de Buruaga, the direction of TVE's Information Services and the direction and presentation of the main Newscast, the one at 9:00 p.m. Ridruejo's mandate was characterized by the independent and professional management of the largest audiovisual group in Spain, but in a situation of technical bankruptcy and lack of adaptation to the market. She designed a restructuring plan for approval by the Government and Parliament, as well as careful content management in television, radio and other media programming. In this sense, she presented a Renewal Plan to the Government in December 1996 and led the launch of an offer of digital channels for national and international broadcasting. However, she resigned a year after her appointment, in February 1997, as the Government had no intention of restructuring the Public Entity dependent on the State. She would be replaced by Fernando López-Amor.

On April 29, 1998, after the departure of Ernesto Sáenz de Buruaga and on July 23 of that year of Matías Prats to Antena 3, Javier González Ferrari assumed the direction of Information Services. Fernando López-Amor would only remain in office for a little over a year, being replaced in November 1998 by Pío Cabanillas Alonso.

Following the general elections held in 2000 and the Popular Party obtaining an absolute majority, Pío Cabanillas left his position after being appointed spokesman for the Government of José María Aznar. Then, he was replaced in the position of general director of RTVE by Javier González Ferrari, the until then director of the Information Services. After this, Alfredo Urdaci replaced González Ferrari as director of TVE's Information Services, continuing as presenter of Telediario 2. During his tenure, which lasted until 2002, RTVE came under January 1, 2001 of the Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI), which was in charge of preparing a Viability Plan for the Entity and that proposed the segregation of RTVE into two entities: one of a commercial nature and the other of public service. Javier González Ferrari opposed the content of that proposal and in October 2001 before the RTVE Control Commission of the Congress of Deputies finally announced that it would not be applied.

Shortly afterwards, and after Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo replaced Pedro Ferreras as SEPI director, a new version of the plan was approved, which provided for the elimination of the debt by 2004. The spending restriction led to his resignation to the acquisition of the rights to the 2002 World Cup.

On the other hand, its neutrality and impartiality were highly questioned by opposition political parties. The PSOE requested his resignation in December 2001 due to the coverage of the demonstration against the Organic Law on Universities and in March 2002 due to the cancellation of an interview with Javier Solana. At that time, in addition, the first judicial sentence condemning information manipulation was issued by the National Court as a result of the lawsuit filed by the CC union. oo. about the informative treatment of the general strike of June 20, 2002 and that Urdaci read on the air on October 15, 2003, pronouncing the name of the union in the literal sense of its initials ("ce ce o o"). month after the strike, on July 19, González Ferrari was relieved of his post at his own request. He was then appointed to replace the journalist José Antonio Sánchez. During that period there was strong criticism from opposition parliamentary groups to the management at the head of the public entity and in April 2003 the PSOE came to present a non-legal Proposal, demanding his dismissal from office with accusations of infringing article 20 of the Spanish Constitution that guarantees the right to information.

Different media, institutions and, above all, the opposition parties are very critical of the alleged lack of neutrality of the news at the time and especially of the work of Alfredo Urdaci. The informative treatment given to the Iraq War is the object of study by the Carlos III University of Madrid and the UNED, who do not hesitate to describe it as "biased and far from social reality". In February 2003 the PSOE even reached present a non-legal proposal requesting the dismissal of the journalist. On January 30, 2004, the parliamentary assembly of the Council of Europe cited TVE as an example of "political clientelism" and "state paternalism". After the attacks on March 11, 2004 in Madrid, TVE was accused of following orders from the Popular Party government, attributing, under the direction of Alfredo Urdaci, the attacks of March 11 to the terrorist group ETA and not to Al Qaeda. Days after the attacks and before the elections, various international television channels reproached the Government and Televisión Española for trying to hide the truth in the face of a possible defeat of the PP as a result of the Iraq War.

The PSOE governments (2004-2011)

After the victory of the PSOE in the general elections of March 2004, it renews the board of directors of RTVE, taking the position of general director Carmen Caffarel, who withdraws on her first day as director the two appeals that RTVE had filed against the sentence in the Supreme Court, which had already been admitted for processing.

Caffarel's first task at RTVE is to renew his positions. Among them, he appoints Fran Llorente as director of TVE's Information Services, replacing Alfredo Urdaci. During this stage, TVE's news programs are recognized worldwide for their "quality, independence and plurality", with Telediario 2 receiving the award for the best news program in the world at the Media Tenor Global TV Awards in 2009, surpassing the BBC news programs., TF1, ABC or RAI, among others and receiving second place for the same award in 2010, only surpassed by the TF1 newscasts. He received the National Television Award in 2011. However, this does not prevent opposition representatives from reiterating their allegations of information manipulation. Thus, the Popular Party came to request the resignation of Fran Llorente for the broadcast of a report on the abuses committed in the Abu Ghraib prison (Iraq) in which a frame of Mariano Rajoy at the end "slipped" or for the broadcast on January 13, 2010 of two false videos, one about Haiti and the other about a flood in Ciudad Real. In addition, the main opposition party denounced in 2011, an alleged manipulation of information for the benefit of the PSOE, based on what, in their opinion,, excessive imbalance in the time dedicated to reporting on the activities of the respective leaders of both political formations.

During his tenure, the reform of Radiotelevisión Española was addressed, which implied the assumption of the historical debt, the transformation of the Public Entity into the RTVE Corporation and the approval of a labor reform that implied the voluntary departure of the Entity of 4,150 professionals in 2007 to 2009, with the unanimous support of all union groups and the endorsement of 80% of the workers. In addition, the reform involved the technological modernization of the company. The State Radio and Television Law of June 5, 2006 (Law 17/2006) dissolved the Entity and the companies TVE, S.A. and RNE, S.A., creating the current RTVE Corporation. From then on, instead of being appointed by the Government, the president had to be elected in Parliament by two thirds of the deputies. In the first appointment of the directors and the president of the RTVE Corporation, if after two months from the first vote in each Chamber a two-thirds majority is not reached, Congress may appoint the twelve directors and the president by absolute majority. On December 19, 2006, the Congress of Deputies elected for the first time in the history of state radio and television, the president of the Corporation, the journalist Luis Fernández Fernández, a counselor at the proposal of the PSOE, who will also be of the Board of Directors.

In 2007, the direction of Medios Interactivos RTVE was created at the same hierarchical level as TVE or RNE.

On November 23, 2009, Luis Fernández resigned, allegedly due to his disagreement with the Government's decision to approve a new RTVE financing law, which eliminated advertisements from the Entity. also elected by parliamentary consensus, Alberto Oliart, former Minister of Health and Defense. Oliart is appointed president of RTVE on November 24, 2009.

During his tenure, TVE stopped broadcasting advertising.On June 25, 2010, the Council of Ministers authorized the merger of the three state-owned commercial companies included in RTVE ("Televisión Española, S.A.", "Radio Nacional de España, S.A.» and «Corporación RTVE, S.A.»), becoming a single company («Corporación RTVE, S.A.»), as requested by the Board of Directors of RTVE, in order to achieve greater efficiency and savings for the organization.

Oliart resigned from his position on July 6 of that year for personal reasons, after learning that RTVE had awarded a contract to the company of which his son Pablo was the sole administrator. After Oliart's resignation, the presidency of the RTVE Corporation remained vacant, while the presidency of the Board of Directors of RTVE is held on a rotating and monthly basis from July 2011 to June 2012, by the different members of said body.

The PP governments (2011-2018)

After the new victory of the PP in the general elections of November 2011, the 2006 Law was modified on April 20, 2012, when the Council of Ministers approved a Royal Decree Law, reducing the number of members of the Council of Administration from twelve to nine and modifying the method of designation of the president of the Corporation (vacant since July 2011): if a two-thirds majority is not achieved for the election, this can be done 48 hours later in a second round by absolute majority.

On June 4, 2012, it was announced at the proposal of the PP government that the new president of RTVE would be Leopoldo González-Echenique. His appointment went ahead on June 28 with the support of an absolute majority of the members of Congress. After this, Julio Somoano was appointed director of TVE's Information Services, replacing Fran Llorente During his tenure there was strong criticism from opposition parliamentary groups of his management at the head of the Corporation and in July 2014, the CC union. oo. went so far as to file a complaint before the Social Chamber of the National Court against Echenique, accusing him of "acting in bad faith in the negotiation of the II Collective Agreement and having violated articles 28.1 and 37 of the Constitution, which include the right to receive correct and adequate information", as well as "having presented false financial information about the company, thus violating the Workers Statute".

Different analysts, the media and, above all, the opposition parties are very critical of the alleged lack of neutrality of the news at that time, due to the fact that, among other things, the first political controversy does not take even a year to arrive and is motivated by the treatment given to the celebration of the National Day of Catalonia on September 11, news that is relegated to the 20th minute of broadcast, even generating a debate about it in parliamentary headquarters. Later controversies include the alleged favorable treatment towards the Government and the PP in news related to the Bárcenas Case, a treatment which the opposition parties and various workers of the newsroom do not hesitate to describe as "coarse manipulation" or "attempt to exonerate the PP". On January 29, 2013, the parliamentary assembly of the Council of Europe showed, as it did in 2004, its "concern" for the "political interference" to which TVE is allegedly subjected.

On September 25, 2014, Echenique resigned as president of RTVE after the government's refusal to make an injection of 130 million euros as a financial viability plan for the Corporation. For this reason, José Manuel Peñalosa, a member of the Board of Directors at the proposal of the PP, was appointed acting president of RTVE.

On October 6, 2014, the Popular Party government announced that the new president of RTVE would be José Antonio Sánchez Domínguez, until then general director of the Public Entity of Radiotelevisión Madrid and who had already held this same position at RTVE between 2002 and 2004. His appointment went ahead on October 22 with the support of an absolute majority of the members of Congress. Following this, José Antonio Álvarez Gundín, until then deputy director of Opinion at La Razón, was appointed as the new director of News at TVE, replacing Julio Somoano.

The PSOE governments (2018-present)

On July 27, 2018, the Congress of Deputies approved by an absolute majority the appointment of Rosa María Mateo as sole provisional administrator of RTVE. Rosa María Mateo will carry out the functions of the presidency of RTVE and of the members of the Board of Directors.

On July 31, 2018, Mateo appoints Begoña Alegría, director of News at Televisión Española. Days later, Elena Sánchez is appointed General Secretary of RTVE, Federico Montero Corporate General Director; María Escario director of Communication and Institutional Relations, Fran Llorente director of Projects and Strategy, Paloma Zuriaga director of RNE and Raúl Heitzmann director of News of RNE, for his part, Eladio Jareño continues as director of TVE.

In 2019, Toni Sevilla leaves RTVE and Fernando López Puig is appointed as the new director of Contents and Channels of TVE, maintaining his functions as director of Film and Fiction. On September 4, 2019, Rosa María Mateo appointed David Valcarce director of TVE, Enric Hernández director of Information and News of RTVE and Víctor Sánchez director of Media and Operations of TVE.

On January 22, 2020, after a year and a half as sole administrator and after the formation of the new socialist Executive, Mateo places his position at the disposal of Pedro Sánchez. He had promised to be in charge of the Corporation between two and three months. Thus, the 17 experts appointed to evaluate a hypothetical public tender have referred to this situation as "serious democratic irregularity". Rosa María Mateo has carried out a management marked by a frozen budget, a drop widespread audience and various labor scandals. A few weeks later, he reconsiders his decision to leave the position.

On February 25, 2021, the Congress of Deputies with 249 votes elected six members of the Board of Directors: Elena Sánchez Caballero, José Manuel Martín Medem, María Carmen Sastre Bellas, Jenaro Castro Muiña and Juan José Baños Loinaz, For its part, the Senate with the votes of two thirds of the chamber elected four other members on March 24, 2021: Ramón Colom Esmatges (220 votes), Concepción Carmen Cascajosa Virino (218 votes), Roberto Lakidain Zabalza (221 votes) and María Consuelo Aparicio Avendaño (219 votes) and finally the Congress of Deputies on March 25, 2021 elected José Manuel Pérez Tornero by 247 votes, as president of the RTVE Corporation. Both the president and the ten Members of the Board of Directors took office the following day, March 26, 2021, thus ending the mandate of Rosa María Mateo as sole provisional administrator of the Corporation.

In the interest of greater efficiency in the management of resources, on May 26, 2021, a profound renovation of the organic structure of the Corporation was made public. In this way, the directorates of TVE and RNE disappear and an organization chart with cross-sectional departments is created.

In 2022, it acquired the rights to the 2022 Soccer World Cup, 24 years after the last World Cup event broadcast by public radio and television, France 1998, a championship that was broadcast in its entirety. It also acquired the rights to Euro 2024, recovering the rights to this football event 20 years after the last broadcast on the public channel, Euro 2004.

On September 27, 2022, José Manuel Pérez Tornero resigned as president of the RTVE Corporation, as he did not feel supported by the RTVE Board of Directors. Elena Sánchez Caballero, a member of the Board of Directors, was appointed interim president -without executive functions- of the council, that same day, until the election of the new director to take over the reins of the Corporation. For their part, Alfonso María Morales Fernández (general secretary) and Marta Torralvo Liébanas (corporate director) assume executive functions. On October 4, 2022, the Council of Ministers approved a modification of the Corporation's bylaws at the request of of the Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI) so that the president has executive powers, since with the previous wording of the RTVE statutes, Elena Sánchez had the power to preside over the Board of Directors, but not to sign social agreements, nor put employment plans or large investments in the Corporation underway.

Functions regulated by law

Article 3 of Law 17/2006, of June 5, on state-owned radio and television, specifies that in the exercise of its public service function, RTVE must, among other things:

1. Promote knowledge and dissemination of constitutional principles and civic values.
2. Guarantee objective, truthful and plural information.
3. Facilitate democratic debate and free expression of views.
4. Promote the territorial cohesion, plurality and linguistic and cultural diversity of Spain.
5. Providing access to different programming genres and to institutional, social, cultural and sporting events, aimed at all sectors of the audience, paying attention to those issues of particular public interest.
6. To aim to attend to the widest audience, ensuring maximum continuity and geographical and social coverage, with the commitment to offer quality, diversity, innovation and ethical demand.

Legal nature

Currently, the RTVE Corporation has the legal nature of a public limited company and its share capital is wholly owned by the State, although it is institutionally independent from the Government and the General State Administration. Although it is under government supervision, which is exercised by the Ministry of Finance and Public Function through SEPI (Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales) which is the holder of 100% of the shares of RTVE.

Activities

RTVE has various channels dedicated to different topics and genres, which are grouped according to the broadcast medium and the companies it brings together. It currently has six television channels and five radio channels.

Television

In television, Televisión Española brings together two generalist channels and another three thematic channels for broadcasting within Spanish territory, five of which broadcast in high definition, in addition to a 4K channel being tested. All the chains can be seen by DTT, satellite or cable platforms. The channels are:

Logo	Canal	Start of transmissions	Image format
	1 Generalist channel	28 October 1956 (66 years) HD: 31 December 2013 (9 years)	SD and HD
	2 Culture channel	15 November 1966 (56 years) HD: 31 October 2017 (5 years)
	Telesport Sport channel	12 February 1994 (29 years) HD: 31 December 2013 (9 years)
	Channel 24 hours News channel	15 September 1997 (25 years) HD: February 23, 2021 (2 years)
	Clan Children ' s channel	12 December 2005 (17 years) HD: 31 October 2017 (5 years)
	TVE 4K	2016 (7 years)	4K

Extinct

Logo	Canal	Start of transmissions	Termination of transmissions	Image format
	Canal AluCine Film channel	15 September 1997 (25 years)	1 September 2000 (22 years)	SD
	Cinema Paraiso Film channel		1 September 2000 (22 years)
	Canal Toros Taurus channel	25 April 1998 (25 years)	2002 (21 years)
	Canal Nostalgia File channel	15 September 1997 (25 years)	30 November 2005 (17 years)
	TVE 50 Years File channel	30 November 2005 (17 years)	1 January 2007 (16 years)
	Docu Documentary channel	10 October 1994 (28 years)	23 April 2009 (14 years)
	Cultural·es Culture channel	23 April 2009 (14 years)	1 January 2011 (12 years)
	Classic Classical music channel	8 January 1994 (29 years)	10 September 2010 (12 years)
	TVE HD Generalist channel	17 June 2009 (13 years)	30 December 2013 (9 years)	HD
	TVE Canal América International mission for America. Replaced by TVE International.	1 November 1988 (34 years)	1 December 1989 (33 years)	SD
	TVE 1 Europe Emission of TVE 1 for Europe, without regional programming. Replaced by TVE International.	1 January 1988 (35 years)	1 December 1989 (33 years)	SD
	Olympic Channel Exclusive channel for Catalonia dedicated to the coverage of the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games operated by TV3 and TVE Catalunya. It emitted through Channel 33	24 July 1992 (30 years)	9 August 1992 (30 years)	SD

Television abroad

TVE's foreign channels are available through various satellites and payment platforms around the world.

Logo	Canal	Start of transmissions	Coverage and image format
	TVE International Generalist channel	1 December 1990 (32 years)	Europe (HD/DVB-S2) America (SD/codified) Africa (HD/DVB-S2) Asia and Oceania (SD/DVB-S2)
	Channel 24 hours News channel	15 September 1997 (25 years)	Europe (HD/DVB-S2) America (SD/codified) Africa (HD/DVB-S2)
	Star HD Entertainment channel	18 January 2016 (7 years)	America (HD/codified)
	International Class Children ' s channel	4 July 2017 (5 years)

1. ↑ a bc In America emissions are for cable TV platforms.

Radius

In radio, Radio Nacional de España has six stations, four of which cover the national territory, one is exclusively for Catalonia and another is broadcast on shortwave outside of Spain. They are also broadcast on DTT.

Logo	Emissora	Start of transmissions
	Radio Nacional/ Radio 1 Generalist	19 January 1937 (86 years)
	Classical Radio Emissora de Música Classic	22 November 1965 (57 years)
	Radio 3 Emissor of entertainment and culture	1 July 1979 (43 years)
	Ràdio 4 Catalan Generalist	13 December 1976 (46 years)
	Radio 5 News transmitter	1 January 1989 (34 years)
	Radio Exterior de España Generalist	15 March 1942 (81 years)

Extinct chains

Cinema

According to Law 7/2010, of March 31, General of Audiovisual Communication -whose article referring to the financing of audiovisual works is still in force in Law 13/2022, of July 7, General of Audiovisual Communication-, «The providers of the television audiovisual communication service with state or regional coverage must contribute annually to the advance financing of the European production of cinematographic films, films and series for television, as well as documentaries and animated films and series, with 5 per 100 of the income accrued in the previous financial year according to its operating account”. "For publicly owned audiovisual communication service providers with state or regional coverage, this obligation will be 6 per 100".

Internet

Managed by RTVE Digital, rtve.es unites the two television and radio groups. Within the site you can listen to the channels of Radio Nacional de España live, watch the programs broadcast last week on Spanish Television through RTVE Play, read the blogs of the corporation's professionals, check the news and watch various events on straight. In addition, it has the digital content platform, as is the case of the webseries, of the RTVE Interactive media.

Address

Board of Directors

Name and surname	Cargo	Proposed	House of choice (Courtes General)	Mandate
José Manuel Pérez Tornero	Chairman		(Congress of Deputies)	26/3/2021-27/9/2022 (dimission)the mandate ended in 2027
Elena Sánchez Caballero	Acting President			Vocal (26/3/21-27/9/22; ?-27) Acting President (27/9/22-present)
Ramón Colom Esmatges	Vocal		(Senate)	26/3/2021-2024
Concepción Carmen Cascajosa Virino				26/3/2021-2027
María Carmen Sastre Bellas			(Congress of Deputies)	26/3/2021-2024
Jenaro Castro Muiña
Maria Consuelo Aparicio Avendaño			(Senate)
José Manuel Martín Medem			(Congress of Deputies)	26/3/2021-2027
Roberto Lakidaín Zabalza			(Senate)
Juan José Baños Loinaz			(Congress of Deputies)	26/3/2021-2024

Governing Council since 27 September 2022.

Organizational structure

Source: Structure of the RTVE Corporation to 17 April 2023.

Advisory Council

The Advisory Council is the participation body of the company in the RTVE Corporation. Among its powers, regulated in article 23 of Law 17/2006, of June 5, on Radio and State-Owned Television, there are the following:

• To advise the Board of Directors of the RTVE Corporation on the overall orientations of programming.
• Report on the criteria and norms that guarantee the right of access of significant social groups based on their social relevance, representativeness and scope.
• Report on the proposal of the contracts-programme with the State and the programming lines, as well as the establishment of the rules of admission of advertising.
• To report, at the request of the Governing Council, on any matters before it.

• The RTVE Advisory Council consists of 16 people:
  • 3 members proposed by the Economic and Social Council.
  • 2 vowels proposed by the Consumers and Users Council.
  • 1 member proposed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation.
  • 1 vowel proposed by the Youth Council of Spain.
  • 1 vowel proposed by the Women ' s Institute.
  • 1 vowel proposed by the Academy of Television and Sciences and the Arts of the Audiovisual.
  • 1 vowel proposed by the Academy of Arts and Film Sciences.
  • 1 vowel proposed by the University Council.
  • 1 vowel proposed by the Spanish Association of Advertisers.
  • 1 vowel proposed by the General Council of Spanish Citizenship abroad.
  • 1 member proposed by the representative entities of journalists at the state level (FAPE).
  • 1 vowel proposed by the representative entities of persons with disabilities.
  • 1 vowel proposed by the union representation of the RTVE Corporation.

List of CEOs and Presidents

Source: History of radio and television in Spain.

• Since 1946, RTVE has had a total of 46 responsible, 43 if Arias-Montalvo is first reported as Director General of the Autonomous Radio Televisión Española and after the Ente Público Radiotelevisión Española; Sánchez Domínguez as Director General of the Public Ente Radiotelevisión Española and 10 years later as president of the Corporación Radio Televisión Española; Caffarel as Director General of the Spanish Public Radiotele Corporation
  • 2 General Directors of Broadcasting.
  • 8 General Directors of Broadcasting and Television.
  • 1 General Director of Radio and Television.
  • 1 Director General of the Autonomous Radio Televisión Española.
  • 10 directors-general and 3 directors-general of the Ente Público Radiotelevisión Española.
  • 4 presidents of the Spanish Radio Corporation.
  • 2 unique administrators of the Corporación Radio Televisión Española.
  • 8 acting presidents and 4 intern presidents of the Spanish Radio Corporation.
• The board of directors assume the internship work following the departures of Alberto Carlos Oliart Saussol and Leopoldo González-Echenique and Castellanos de Ubao, during the periods from 20 July 2011 to 29 June 2012 and from 25 September 2014 to 23 October 2014, respectively.
• While in the periods of 7 July 2011 to 20 July 2011 and 22 June 2018 to 30 July 2018 the presidency is not occupied by any alternate.
• After failing the election of the provisional board of directors to manage the corporation, until the holding of a public contest by a vote in the lower chamber on 16 July 2018 and 27 July 2018 (in the second ballot), a single provisional administrator for the Corporation was voted, as provided for in the royal decree adopted on Friday, 22 June 2018 by the government in the Council of Ministers. The functions attributed to the sole administrator are of representation and management of the public corporation and its societies, having the powers of the members of the board of directors and its president. This post is occupied from July 30, 2018 to March 26, 2021 by Rosa María Mateo Isasi.
• Following the resignation of José Manuel Pérez Tornero, Elena Sánchez Caballero was appointed Acting President without executive functions on 27 September 2022, while the executive functions were retained by Secretary-General Alfonso María Morales Fernández and the Corporate Director Marta Torralvo Liébanas. The following week, on 4 October 2022, the Council of Ministers approved a change in the social status of the Corporation at the request of the State Society for Industrial Participations (SEPI) to give executive powers to Elena Sánchez Caballero.

Historical composition of the Board of Directors

25/11/1980-3/6/1983
Name and surname	Cargo	Proposed	House of choice (Courtes General)	Mandate
Fernando Arias-Salgado and Montalvo	Director-General		(Congress of Deputies)	25/11/1980-12/1/1981
Fernando Castedo Álvarez				12/1/1981-24/10/1981
Carlos Robles Piquer				24/10/1981-24/7/1982
Eugenio Nasarre Goicoechea				24/7/1982-8/12/1982
José María Calviño Iglesias				Vocal (25/11/80-8/12/82) Director-General (8/12/82-3/6/83)
Ramón Gómez Redondo	Vocal			25/11/1980-3/6/1983
José María Álvarez del Manzano y López del Hierro
Carmen Llorca Vilaplana		(Democratic Coalition)
Carlos Plaza Escarpa
Antonio Kindelán Jaquotot
Miguel Doménech Martínez			(Senate)
José Antonio Escudero López
Antonio del Olmo Aires
José Ignacio Wert Ortega
Eleuterio Roberto Dorado Zamorano
Francisco Fernández Marugán

3/6/1983-20/12/1986 (24/12/86 in the Senate)
Name and surname	Cargo	Proposed	Designation Chamber (Courtes General)	Mandate
José María Calviño Iglesias	General direction		(Congress of Deputies)	3/6/1983-20/10/1986
Pilar Mercedes Miró Romero				20/10/1986-20/12/1986
Luis Sánchez Enciso	Vocal			3/6/1983-20/12/1986
Eugeni Giral Quintana
Elena Vázquez Menéndez
Rogelio Baón Ramírez
José Antonio Pastor Ridruejo
Pedro Artigas Fontcuberta		(CiU)
Valentín Andrés Álvarez Corugedo			(Senate)	3/6/1983-24/12/1986
Rafael Estévez Fernández
Mariano Muñoz Bouzas
Feliciano Sofin Murillo
Guillermo Medina González

20/12/1986 (24/12/86)-27/12/1990
Name and surname	Cargo	Proposed	Designation Chamber (Courtes General)	Mandate
Pilar Mercedes Miró Romero	General direction		(Congress of Deputies)	20/12/1986-16/1/1989
Luis Solana Madariaga				16/1/1989-24/2/1990
Jordi García Candau				Counsellor (20/12/86-24/2/90) Director-General (24/2/90-27/12/90)
Ramón Criado Margareto	Vocal			20/12/1986-27/12/1990
Eugeni Giral Quintana
Fernando González Delgado
Rogelio Baón Ramírez
Antonio del Olmo Aires
Valentín Andrés Álvarez Corugedo			(Senate)	24/12/1986-27/12/1990
Rafael Estévez Fernández
Mariano Muñoz Bouzas
Feliciano Sofin Murillo
Luis Gerardo López Delgado
Francisco Sanabria Martín

27/12/1990-7/11/1994
Name and surname	Cargo	Proposed	Designation Chamber (Courtes General)	Mandate
Jordi García Candau	Director-General		(Congress of Deputies)	27/12/1990-7/11/1994
Miguel Bonastre Codina	Vocal
Feliciano Sofin Murillo
Javier Tezanos Tortajada
Incarnation (Curri) Valenzuela Conthe
José Manuel Fernández Norniella
Jesus Sancho Rof
Valentín Andrés Álvarez Corugedo			(Senate)
Ramón Criado Margareto
Mariano Muñoz Bouzas
Juan Antonio Trillo López-Mancisidor
Antonio del Olmo Aires
Jordi Bosch Molinet		(CiU)

7/11/1994-24/7/1996
Name and surname	Cargo	Proposed	Designation Chamber (Courtes General)	Mandate
Jordi García Candau	General direction		(Congress of Deputies)	7/11/1994-11/5/1996
Mónica Ridruejo Ostrowska				11/5/1996-24/7/1996
José Miguel Abad Silvestre	Vocal			7/11/1994-24/7/1996
Antonio Santillana del Barrio
Amando de Miguel Rodríguez
Eugenio Nasarre Goicoechea
José Manuel Martín Medem
Josep Maria Trias de Bes Serra		(CiU)
Ander Landáburu Illarramendi			(Senate)
Jesús Ruiz-Huerta Carbonell
José Antonio Pérez-Nievas y Heredero
Miguel Angel Gozalo Saiz
José Vila Abelló
Juan Ignacio Unda Urzaiz

24/7/1996-1/7/2000
Name and surname	Cargo	Proposed	Designation Chamber (Courtes General)	Mandate
Mónica Ridruejo Ostrowska	General direction		(Congress of Deputies)	24/7/1996-8/2/1997
Fernando López-Amor García				8/2/1997-21/11/1998
Pio Cabanillas Alonso				21/11/1998-29/4/2000
Eduardo Javier González Ferrari				13/5/2000-1/7/2000
Emilio Contreras Ortega	Vocal			24/7/1996-1/7/2000
Carlos Mendo Baos
Arantza Mendizábal Gorostiaga
Antonio Santillana del Barrio
Rodolfo Ruiz Ligero
José María Gené Moscoso		(CiU)
Antxón Sarasqueta González			(Senate)
Andrés de Blas Guerrero
José Manuel de Diego Carcedo
Marcos Sanz Agüero
José Recalte Ibarrondo
Santiago Cervera Soto

1/7/2000-27/12/2006
Name and surname	Cargo	Proposed	Designation Chamber (Courtes General)	Mandate
Eduardo Javier González Ferrari	General direction		(Congress of Deputies)	1/7/2000-20/7/2002
José Antonio Sánchez Domínguez				20/7/2002-24/4/2004
María del Carmen Caffarel Serra				24/4/2004-27/12/2006
Francisco Salustiano García de Diego	Vocal			1/7/2000-27/12/2006
Rosario López Miralles
José Luis Rodríguez García
Anna Balletbò Puig
José Manuel de Diego Carcedo
Marc Puig Guàrdia		(CiU)
Consuelo Alvarez de Toledo Saavedra			(Senate)
Gerardo Conde Roa
Isabel Ugalde Ruiz de Assin
José Nevado Infante
Miguel Angel Sacaluga Luengo
Gumersindo de Urquiza Rieu				1/7/2000-27/7/2002
Jorge Luis Bethencourt González				25/10/2002-27/12/2006

15/1/2007-22/6/2012
Name and surname	Cargo	Proposed	Designation Chamber (Courtes General)	Mandate
Luis Fernández	Chairman		(Congress of Deputies)	15/1/2007-26/11/2009
Alberto Carlos Oliart Saussol				26/11/2009-6/7/2011
Miguel Angel Sacaluga Luengo	Vocal			15/1/2007-22/6/2012
Jesus Andreu Ardura				15/1/2007-1/4/2012
Manuel Esteve Ulloa				15/1/2007-22/6/2012
Teresa Aranguren Amézola
Francesc Bellmunt Moreno
Santos Miguel Ruesga Benito
Héctor Maravall Gómez-Allende				15/1/2007-22/9/2011
María Cruz Llamazares Calzadilla			(Senate)	15/1/2007-22/6/2012
Andrés Martín Velasco
Rosario López Miralles
Josep Manuel Silva Mayor

22/6/2012-30/7/2018
Name and surname	Cargo	Proposed	Designation Chamber (Courtes General)	Mandate
Leopoldo González-Echenique y Castellanos de Ubao	Chairman		(Congress of Deputies)	29/6/2012-25/9/2014
José Antonio Sánchez Domínguez				Chairman (23/10/14-22/6/18) Vocal (23/10/14-30/7/18)
María Luisa Ciriza Coscolín	Vocal			29/6/2012-30/7/2018
Óscar Pierre Prats
José Manuel Peñalosa Ruiz			(Senate)	Vocal (29/6/12-25/9/14) Acting President (25/9/14-23/10/14)
Fernando Navarrete Porta				29/6/2012-30/7/2018
Rosario López Miralles				22/6/2012-30/7/2018
Andrés Martín Velasco
Miguel Angel Sacaluga Luengo
Teresa Aranguren Amézola

• The Board of Directors of RTVE was established in 1980, when the Autonomous Agency Radio Televisión Española became a Public Ente. Between 2018 and 2021 there was no Council, because the functions of the councillors and the Presidency of the Corporation were assumed by the sole interim administrator.
• The general director/president's vote is double to unpack votes in case of a tie.

Corporate identity

The current logos of Radiotelevisión Española are from August 2008, created by the company SUMMA, in which light takes on special importance as the movement of the logo consists of the effect of light. A rounded typeface and in which an elongated e stands out constitutes the image of RTVE, TVE and RNE. Radiotelevisión Española has the color orange in the background, Televisión Española blue in different tones as the predominant color, although pink, orange and red are also used on specialized channels; and Radio Nacional de España red. Prior to these, they were made up of the letters “rtve” joined together, a design by Emilio Sáenz around the 1960s, and redesigned in 1991 by José Giménez de Pueblo.

These logos replaced the old ones that dated from the 60s in the case of TVE and RTVE, and from the 80s for RNE. The image of the ancients was not uniform in all the companies of the corporation.

• 

  Logo of Spanish Radiotelevision from 1977 to 1991.

• 

  Logo of Spanish Radiotelevision from 1991 to 2008.

• 

  Logo of Spanish Radiotelevision from 2008 until today.

Criticism and controversy

RTVE only reserves for Podemos and Izquierda Unida 1% of its news blocks in the newscasts for the 2023 regional and municipal election campaign. RTVE will broadcast on its national programming on TVE and Radio Nacional.

Eurovision

In 2017, the singer Manel Navarro was selected to represent Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 with his song Do It for Your Lover. In the program Objetivo Eurovisión, created by RTVE to choose the candidate for the contest, the votes of the viewers and those of the jury ended in a tie between Manel, the winner of the jury's vote, and Mirela, the winner of the viewers vote. Given this, only the jury voted again to break the tie and by two votes to one they chose Manel as representative, in the face of criticism and boos from the public present. One of the members of the jury, Xavi Martínez, was a personal friend of Manel and had previously been promoting him on his Los 40 program, which was against the rules of the contest. As soon as the result was known, a barrage of criticism of the winner was unleashed on social networks and the production of the gala, as well as allegations of fraud in the voting to favor Manel. Even the PSOE, the party in opposition to the Government of Spain at that time, asked RTVE for an explanation for the election in the Congress of Deputies. Manel got the last place in the contest.

In 2022 something similar happened. The singer Chanel Terrero was selected to represent Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022, with her theme SloMo . The viewers of the program created by RTVE to choose the candidate for the contest, Benidorm Fest 2022, left the Tanxugueiras group in 1st position and Chanel Terrero in 3rd position. For its part, the jury's votes left the Tanxugueiras group in 5th place and Chanel Terrero in 1st place, for which reason Chanel was chosen in the final sum, once again the jury's vote prevailing over that of the viewers. One of the members of the jury, Miryam Benedited, had previously worked with the chosen singer and some fans thought that this could have favored Chanel. As soon as the result was known, a barrage of criticism of the production of the contest and the winner was unleashed on social networks, with the hashtag #TONGAZO as a trending topic in Spain, in addition to allegations of fraud in voting to favor Chanel. In the days after the final, political parties such as BNG and En Común announced that they would ask RTVE for explanations about the voting system in the Congress of Deputies, as was also announced by the Comisiones Obreras union of RTVE, while the Partido Popular it did the same in the Senate. Chanel achieved third place in the pageant, Spain's best result in 27 years, since 1995.