Richard Dawkins
Clinton Richard Dawkins (Nairobi, March 26, 1941) is a British evolutionary biologist, ethologist, zoologist, and science popularizer. He was the Charles Simonyi Professor of Science Dissemination at Oxford University until 2008.
He is the author of The Selfish Gene, a work published in 1976, which popularized the evolutionary view focused on genes, and which introduced the terms meme and memetics. In 1982, he made an original contribution to evolutionary science with the theory presented in his book The Extended Phenotype, which asserts that phenotypic effects are not limited to the body of an organism, but can spread throughout the organism. environment, including the bodies of other organisms. Since then, his written dissemination work has also led him to collaborate in other media, such as various television programs on evolutionary biology, creationism and religion.
In his book The God Delusion, Dawkins argued that the non-existence of a supernatural creator is almost a certainty; and that the belief in a personal God could be qualified as a delusion, as a persistent false belief. Dawkins agrees with the observation made by Robert M. Pirsig that “when a person suffers from a delusion it is called insanity. When many people suffer from a delusion it is called religion." As of January 2010, the English version of The God Delusion had sold more than two million copies.
Biography
Beginnings
He was born on 26 March 1941 in the then-British colony of Kenya, where his father, Clinton John Dawkins, was a farmer and former wartime soldier, called up from colonial service in Nyasaland (now Malawi). His parents belonged to a wealthy middle class. His father was a scion of the Clinton family, owners of Lincoln County, and his mother was Jean Mary Vyvyan Dawkins (née Ladner). Both were interested in the natural sciences and answered their son's questions in more scientific terms than anecdotal or supernatural.
He describes his childhood as "a normal Anglican upbringing", but reveals that he began to doubt the divine existence from the time he was around nine years old. He later reconverted, persuaded by the design argument, although he began to think that the usages and customs of Anglican ecclesiastics were "absurd", and had more to do with moral dictation than with God. When, at sixteen, he studied evolution, he again changed his religious position because he thought that evolution could account for the complexity of life in purely material terms, and therefore a designer was not necessary.
Career
At the age of eight he moved to England with his parents, and attended Oundle College. He then studied zoology at Balliol College, graduating in 1962. While there, he was a student of ethologist Nikolaas Tinbergen, winner of a Nobel Prize in Medicine. He continued as a research student under Tinbergen's supervision, receiving an M.S. and Ph.D. in about 1966, then remaining as a research assistant for another year.
In 1967, he married Marian Stamp, whom he divorced in 1984. He later married Eve Barham ―with whom he had a daughter, Juliet― whom he also divorced. He married actress Lalla Ward in 1992. Dawkins met her through a mutual friend of theirs, Douglas Adams, who was working with Ward on the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who. Ward has illustrated several of his books.
Between 1967 and 1969 he was an adjunct professor of zoology at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1970 he was appointed lecturer (associate professor) and in 1990 reader (professor) of zoology at the University of Oxford. In 1995 he became the Charles Simonyi Professor of Science Dissemination, a position endowed by Charles Simonyi with the express intention that Dawkins would be its first occupant. Since 1970 he has been a Fellow of New College, Oxford.
He has given several keynote lectures, including the Henry Sidgwick Memorial Lecture (1989), the first Erasmus Darwin Memorial Lecture (1990), the Michael Faraday Lecture (1991) (recently released on DVD as Growing Up in the Universe), the T. H. Huxley Memorial Lecture (1992), the Irvine Memorial Lecture (1997), the Sheldon Doyle Lecture (1999), the Tinbergen Lecture (2000), and the Tanner Lecture (2003).
He has been the editor of four scientific journals, and founded Episteme Journal in 2002. He was also editorial advisor to nine journals, including the Encarta Encyclopedia and the Encyclopedia of Evolution. He writes a column for the Council for Secular Humanism's Free Inquiry magazine and is listed as a senior editor. He also chaired the biological sciences section of the British Society for Scientific Advancement, and is listed as a councilor to several other organizations. He was a member of several juries for various awards such as the Faraday Prize of the Royal Society and the British Television Academy Award. In 2004 Balliol College, Oxford created the Dawkins Prize, awarded for research focused on the ecology and behavior of animals whose welfare and survival are endangered by human activities.
In 2005 Discover magazine referred to him as "Darwin's Rottweiler", a description later adopted by Radio Times and Channel 4, referring to the Epithet "Darwin's bulldog" given to nineteenth-century Darwinist advocate Thomas Henry Huxley. He also suggests a comparison with Pope Benedict XVI who—when he was Cardinal Ratzinger—was known as "God's Rottweiler."
In 2006 he was invited to participate in a TED conference. This conference brings together prominent personalities from the global community, coming from diverse activities.
In 2009, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Charles Darwin, he was named an honorary doctor by the University of Valencia.
Work and criticism
Evolutionary Biology
Dawkins is perhaps best known for popularizing the gene-centered view of evolution, a view clearly proclaimed in his books The Selfish Gene (1976), where he asserts that "all life it evolves by the differential survival of replicating entities”, and The extended phenotype (1982), where he describes natural selection as “the process by which replicators propagate at the expense of others”. As an ethologist interested in animal behavior and its relationship to natural selection, he defends the idea that the gene is the main unit of selection in evolution.
In his books he uses the image of the Necker cube to explain that the genocentric view is not a scientific revolution, but simply a new way of viewing evolution. The Necker cube, a two-dimensional line representing a cube, is interpreted by the brain as one of two possible three-dimensional shapes. Dawkins argues that the genocentric view is a useful model of evolution for some purposes, but that evolution can still be understood and studied in terms of individuals and populations.
The genocentric view also provides a foundation for understanding altruism. Altruism seems at first glance a paradox, since helping others consumes precious resources—possibly one's own health and life—thus reducing one's fitness. Previously, this was interpreted by many as an aspect of group selection, that is, individuals did what was best for the survival of the population or species. But William Donald Hamilton used the genecentric view to explain altruism in terms of inclusive fitness and kin selection, that is, individuals behave altruistically toward their close relatives, who share many of their genes. (Hamilton's work appears frequently in Dawkins' books, and the two became friends at Oxford; after his death in 2000, Dawkins wrote his obituary and organized a secular memorial service.) Similarly, Robert Trivers, thinking in terms of a genecentric model, developed the theory of reciprocal altruism, whereby one organism provides a benefit to another in the expectation of future reciprocity.
Critics suggest that taking the gene as the unit of selection is wrong, but that the gene could be described as the unit of evolution. The reasoning is that in a selection event, an individual either fails or succeeds in surviving and reproducing, but over time it is the portions of the alleles that change. In The Selfish Gene, however, Dawkins explains that he is using George C. Williams' definition of a gene as "that which separates and recombines with appreciable frequency." Similarly, it is often argued that genes cannot survive alone, but must cooperate to build an individual, but in The Extended Phenotype, Dawkins argues that because of genetic recombination and reproduction sexual, from the point of view of an individual gene, all other genes are part of the environment to which it is adapted. Recombination is a process that occurs during meiosis, in which pairs of chromosomes cross over to exchange segments of DNA. These sections are the "genes" to which Dawkins and Williams refer. Other critics of the "gene-centric" view of inheritance point to epigenetic inheritance as an important mechanism of evolution.
In the controversy over interpretations of evolution (the famous "Darwin wars"), one faction often sides with him and the rival side with Stephen Jay Gould. This reflects the eminence of both as disseminators of conflicting points of view, rather than because one of them is the most substantial and extreme champion of these positions. In particular, Dawkins and Gould have been prominent commentators on the controversy over sociobiology and evolutionary psychology, of which Dawkins has generally been approving and Gould critical. A typical example of Dawkins's position is his scathing critique (in 1985) of the book It's Not in the Genes, by Rose, Kamin and Lewontin. Two thinkers considered to be on the same side as Dawkins are the evolutionary psychologist Steven Pinker and the philosopher Daniel Dennett, who have promoted the genocentric view of evolution and defended reductionism in biology.
Memetics
Dawkins coined the term meme (analogous to gene) to describe how Darwin's principles could be extended to explain the spread of ideas and cultural phenomena, giving rise to the theory of memetics. Although he launched the original idea in The Selfish Gene, Dawkins has left it to other authors, such as Susan Blackmore, to expand on it. Memetics, gene selection, and sociobiology have been criticized as too reductionist by thinkers such as the philosopher Mary Midgley, with whom Dawkins has debated since the late 1970s.
In an article in Philosophy magazine, Midgley claimed that debating Dawkins would be as unnecessary as "breaking a butterfly with a wheel" Dawkins retorted that such a claim would be "difficult for a reputable journal to fit, because of its overbearing condescension towards a fellow academic".
Although Dawkins coined the term independently, he has never claimed that the idea of a meme was new: there have been similar terms for similar ideas in the past. John Laurent, in The Journal of Memetics, has suggested that the term "meme" itself may be derived from the work of the little-known German biologist Richard Semon. In 1904, Semon published Die Mneme (which was published in English as The Mneme in 1924). His book dealt with the cultural transmission of experiences, something that seems parallel to Dawkins's ideas. Laurent also found the use of the term "mneme" in Maurice Maeterlinck's The life of the white ant (1927), noting the similarities to Dawkins's concept.
Creationism
Dawkins is a well-known critic of creationism, describing it as a "ridiculous and mind-numbing falsehood".
His book The Blind Watchmaker is a critique of the design argument, and his other popular science books often touch on the subject. On the recommendation of his late colleague Stephen Jay Gould, Dawkins refuses to engage in debates with creationists, because it would give them the "oxygen of respectability" they seek. He argues that, in his opinion, creationists "don't mind being bested with an argument. What matters to them is that we give them credit by bothering to argue with them in public." However, Dawkins took part in the Oxford Union's Huxley Memorial Debate in 1986, in which he, along with John Maynard Smith, defeated their creationist opponents by a vote of 198 to 115.
In an interview with Bill Moyers in December 2004, Dawkins stated that "of all the things known to science, evolution is as true as anything we know." When Moyers later asked him, "Is evolution a theory, not a fact?" Dawkins replied, "Evolution has been observed. It's just that it hasn't been observed while it was happening."
Religion
Dawkins is considered an atheist. However, he claims to be agnostic "as much as I am about the fairies at the bottom of the garden." He is an honorary member of the National Lay Society, vice-president of the British Humanist Association and a "distinguished supporter" of the Scottish Humanist Society. In his essay "Viruses of the Mind" he suggested that memetic theory could analyze and explain the phenomenon of religious belief and some common features of organized religions, such as the belief that punishment awaits the wicked. In 2003, the Atheist Alliance instituted the Richard Dawkins Award in his honor. Dawkins is known for his contempt for religious extremism, from Islamist terrorism to Christian fundamentalism, but he has also sparred with liberal believers and religious scientists, including many who disagreed. otherwise they would have approached him in his fight against creationism, such as the biologist Kenneth Miller, and Richard Harries (Bishop of Oxford)[citation needed] and with philosophers atheists, like Michael Ruse, who consider his way of arguing counterproductive, because it is too radical.
Dawkins remains a prominent figure in contemporary public debate on issues related to science and religion. He considers education and awareness as primary tools to oppose religious dogma. These tools include fighting certain stereotypes, and he has also adopted the positive term "bright" as a way of bringing positive connotations to supporters of a naturalistic worldview. Dawkins notes that feminists have succeeded in making us feel ashamed when we routinely use the word "he" instead of "she"; Similarly, he suggests, a phrase like "Catholic child" or "Muslim child" should be seen as just as inappropriate as, say, "Marxist child" or "Republican child." Shortly after the attacks of September 11, 2001, when asked how the world could have changed, Dawkins replied:
Many of us saw religion as harmless nonsense. Beliefs may lack any evidence, but we thought, if people needed a comfort in which to lean, where is the damage? September 11 changed everything. The revealed faith is not harmless nonsense, it can be lethally dangerous nonsense. Dangerous because it gives people firm confidence in their own righteousness. Dangerous because it gives them the false courage to kill themselves, which automatically removes normal barriers to kill others. Dangerous because it inculcates enmity to other people labeled only by a difference in inherited traditions. And dangerous because we have all acquired a strange respect that exclusively protects the religion from normal criticism. Let's stop being so damn respectful!Richard Dawkins
In January 2006, Dawkins presented a two-part documentary on Channel 4 entitled The Root of All Evil?, addressing what he sees as the malign influence of organized religion on society.. Critics charged that the show spent too much time on fringe figures and extremists, and that Dawkins' confrontational style did not help his cause. Dawkins, however, rejected these claims, countering that the number of moderate religious broadcasts in the daily media was a proper balance for extremists. He further suggested that someone considered "extremist" in a religiously moderate country might as well be considered "conventional" in a religiously conservative one. Richard Dawkins has also started the Out Campaign.
Dawkins has been a vocal opponent of teaching intelligent design in science classes. He has described intelligent design as "not a scientific argument at all, but a religious one" and is a harsh critic of the procreationist organization Truth in Science. Dawkins has stated that the publication of his September 2006 book, The God Delusion, is "probably the culmination" of his campaign against religion. Dawkins was a keynote speaker at the November 2006 Beyond Belief: Science, Religion, Reason and Survival conference.
Oxford theologian and doctor of biophysics Alister McGrath, promoter of "scientific theology" and author of Dawkins' God: Genes, Memes, and the Meaning of Life (Dawkins' God: genes, memes, and the meaning of life) and The Dawkins Delusion?, has accused Dawkins of being ignorant of Christian theology, and of mischaracterizing religious people in general. McGrath claims that Dawkins has become famous more for his rhetoric than his reasoning, and that there is no clear basis for Dawkins's hostility toward religion. In response, Dawkins asserts that his position is that Christian theology is vacuous, and that the only area of theology that might attract his attention would be the claim to be able to prove the existence of God. Dawkins criticizes McGrath for not providing any arguments to support his beliefs, other than the fact that they cannot be falsified. Dawkins had a lengthy debate with McGrath at the 2007 Sunday Times Festival of Literature. a "sort of mental illness" is an indication of your own bias, rather than a reliable analysis of beliefs. Fortunately, the new atheism is now falling out of favor, and more intelligent and thoughtful forms of atheism are emerging. Many scientists believe that Dawkins has sullied science by using it as a weapon in his anti-religious crusade. Science is not religious or anti-religious: it is science. It can be made compatible with atheism, just like with Christianity."
Another Christian philosopher, Keith Ward, explores similar themes in his book Is Religion Dangerous?, arguing against the view of Dawkins and others that religion is socially dangerous. Criticism of The God Delusion has also been leveled by professional philosophers such as Professor John Cottingham of the University of Reading. Others, such as Margaret Somerville, have suggested that Dawkins "overstates his case against religion", claiming that global conflicts would continue without religion due to factors such as economic pressure or land disputes. However, Dawkins' defenders claim that critics do not understand Dawkins' argument. During a discussion on Radio 3 Hong Kong, David Nicholls, president of the Atheist Foundation of Australia, stated that Dawkins is not saying that religion is the source of all the evil in the world. It is instead an "unnecessary part of the bad". Dawkins himself has said that his objections to religion are not only that it causes wars and violence, but also that it gives people an excuse to hold beliefs that are not based on evidence. Furthermore, he has stated that although religion is not the main cause of many wars, murders and terrorist attacks,
[religion] is the main label, and the most dangerous one, by which a "them" can be identified in opposition to a "us". I am not even claiming that religion is the only label by which we identify the victims of our prejudice. They are also the color of the skin, language and social class. But often, as in Northern Ireland, these labels do not apply, and religion is the only dividing label there is.Richard Dawkins
Dawkins believes that "the existence of God is a scientific hypothesis like any other". He disagrees with Stephen Jay Gould's idea of "non-overlapping magisteria" (NOMA) and with similar ideas proposed by Martin Rees concerning the conflict-free coexistence of science and religion, calling the former "positively supine". and "a purely political ploy to win religious people [...] over to the side of science". Regarding Rees's statement in Our cosmic habitat that "such questions are beyond the reach of science, yet they are in the domain of philosophers and theologians", Dawkins replies: " What capacity can theologians offer to deep cosmological questions that science cannot?" Rees has suggested that Dawkins's attack on even conventional religion is unhelpful, and Robert Winston has said that Dawkins "brings the opprobrium on science".
Dawkins's critics, also non-believers scientists and philosophers, reproach him above all that someone who wants to attack theology should make the effort to know something about it, but that this would not be the case with Dawkins. His critics include the political philosopher John N. Gray, the Protestant geneticist Francis Collins, one of those in charge of carrying out the Human Genome Project, and the British Physics Nobel Prize winner Peter Higgs. The latter called the position taken by Dawkins in his treatment of religious believers "fundamentalist", agreed with those who find Dawkins's approach "shameful", and noted that, without being a believer, he thinks that science and religion are not incompatible and that many scientists in their field are believers.
H. Allen Orr, an evolutionary biologist, asserts that if sins committed in the name of religion are to be condemned, atheism must be judged by the same standards. "Dawkins finds it difficult to explain a double fact: that the 20th century was an experiment in secularism, and that the result was a secular evil, an evil far more spectacular and violent than any that had come before." Faced with these types of arguments, Dawkins first answered that Hitler never abandoned Catholicism (see: Religious Opinions of Adolf Hitler) and that Stalin, although he was an atheist, did not commit his atrocities in the name of atheism., in the same way that "Hitler and Stalin had mustaches, but we do not say that it was their mustaches that made them evil."
Of the "good scientists who are sincerely religious," Dawkins names Arthur Peacocke, Russell Stannard, John Polkinghorne, and Francis Collins, but says he "remains baffled... by their belief in the details of the Christian religion."
On February 23, 2012, Richard Dawkins debated Rowan Williams, the Archbishop of Canterbury and head of the Church of England and the Anglican Communion, at Oxford University's Sheldonian Theater (both have histories at Oxford University), moderated by philosopher sir Anthony Kenny. The meeting was so expected that two other theaters were filled, which transmitted the debate through screens. In this debate, the scientist declares himself an agnostic (he says that others are the ones who declare him an atheist), and makes a clarification regarding agnosticism, saying that the 50/50 chance that a God exists or does not exist comes from of not knowing if that God exists or not, worth the redundancy, and in that sense he is not an agnostic as such, since when a more complex study of probabilities is done, there is a very, very low probability that there is a creator. However, that doesn't mean he's sure there isn't a Supreme Being.[citation needed]
He has also debated, on several occasions, with Oxford Professor of Mathematics and philosopher of science John Lennox.
Other areas
In his role as a professor of science dissemination, Dawkins has been a harsh critic of pseudoscience and alternative medicine. His popular book Unweaving the Rainbow addresses John Keats's claim—that by explaining the rainbow, Isaac Newton had reduced its beauty—and turns it on its head. Deep space, the billions of years of life's evolution, and the microscopic workings of biology and heredity, Dawkins asserts, contain more beauty and wonder than myth and pseudoscience. Dawkins wrote the preface to John Diamond's posthumous book, Snake Oil, a book dedicated to exposing alternative medicine, in which he argued that alternative medicine is harmful, if only because it distracts patients from the most successful conventional treatments, and because it gives people false hope. Dawkins states that “There is no alternative medicine. There is only medicine that works and medicine that doesn't work."
Dawkins has expressed a Malthusian concern with the exponential growth of the human population and the problem of overpopulation. In The Selfish Gene Dawkins briefly introduced the concept of exponential population growth, using the example of Latin America which, at the time he wrote the book, had a population that doubled every forty years.. Dawkins' proposed solutions can typically be described as humanistic, and he is critical of Catholic attitudes toward family planning and population control, stating that leaders who prohibit contraception and "express a preference for 'natural' methods "of population limitation" will end up favoring an equally "natural" method of demographic limitation: the famines that would follow overpopulation".
As an advocate of the Great Ape Project—a movement to extend human rights to all great apes—Dawkins contributed an article to the book Great Ape Project titled "Gaps in the Mind," in the one who criticizes the moral attitudes of contemporary society for being based on a "discontinuous and speciesist imperative".
The politically liberals, which are usually the most convinced spokesmen of the ethic of the species, now manifest the greatest contempt for those who have expanded, to a greater extent, the views of their altruism and have included other species. If I express that I am more interested in preventing the extermination of the great whales than in improving the conditions of inhabitability of the dwellings, it is very possible to scandalize one of my friends.Richard Dawkins
In the documentary Enemies of Reason, Dawkins points out that Wikipedia represents "a great opportunity and a great danger", also criticizing "the lies that circulate as truths in racist and religious fundamentalist blogs".
Dawkins regularly comments in newspapers and weblogs on contemporary political issues; views he has expressed include opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Britain's Trident nuclear submarine missile program and US President George W. Bush. Several of these articles are included in The Devil's Chaplain, an anthology of articles on science, religion, and politics.
Awards and recognitions
Dawkins holds honorary doctorates in science from the Universities of Westminster, Durham, Hull and the University of Valencia (2009), and is an honorary doctor of the Open University. He also holds honorary doctorates of letters from Saint Andrews and Australian National Universities, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Literary Society in 1997 and of the Royal Society in 2001. He is Vice President of the British Humanist Association and Honorary President of the Trinity College University Philosophical Society.
Among other awards, he has also won the Royal Society Literature Award (1987), the Los Angeles Times Literary Prize (1987), the Silver Medal of the Zoological Society of London (1989), the Michael Faraday Prize (1990), the Nakayama Prize (1994), the Humanist of the Year Prize (1996), the fifth International Cosmos Prize (1997), the Kistler Prize (2001), the Medal of the Presidency of the Italian Republic (2001) and the Kelvin Bicentennial Medal (2002). In 2005, he was awarded the Shakespeare Prize by the Alfred Toepfer Stiftung in Hamburg in recognition of his "concise and accessible presentation of scientific knowledge". In 2007, Dawkins was "Author of the Year" at the British Book Awards.
Dawkins topped Prospect magazine's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest British Intellectuals, by readers' choice, receiving twice as many votes as the next ranked. In 1995, Dawkins was a guest on Desert Island Discs, a music program on BBC Radio 4.
The International Atheist Alliance has awarded the Richard Dawkins Award since 2003, in honor of his work. In addition, in 2007 he was chosen by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world and in 2013 he was chosen as the most important intellectual in the world by the magazine's World Thinkers Poll. prospect.
Controversy over transphobia and racism
The American Humanist Association (AHA) withdrew the "Humanist of the Year" award, which was given to him in 1996, for accumulating "in recent years a record of making statements that use the disguise of scientific discourse to demean to marginalized groups, an antithetical approach to humanist values." This was due to Dawkins' posts on Twitter about civil rights activist Rachel Dolezal.
Books
As author
- 1976: The selfish gene
- The selfish gene.
- 1982: Extended phenotype: the gene as the selection unit
- The extended phenotype: The Gene as the Unit of Selection
- 1986: The blind watchmaker: why the evolution of life does not need any creator
- The blind watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe without Design
- 1995: The river of Eden: a Darwinian view of life
- River out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life
- 1996: Scaling up the improbable mountain
- Climbing mount improbable
- 1998: Weaning the rainbow
- Unweaving the rainbow
- 2003: The chaplain of the devil
- A devil's chaplain
- 2004: The story of the forefather: a journey to the dawn of evolution
- The tocestor's tale: a pilgrimage to the dawn of evolution
- 2006: The mirage of God
- The God delusion.
- 2009: Evolution: The Greatest Show on Earth
- The greatest show on Earth: the evidence for evolution.
- 2011: The magic of reality: how do we know what is really true?
- The magic of reality: how we know what's really true.
- 2013: Insatiable curiosity: the years of formation of a scientist
- An Appetite for Wonder: The Making of a Scientist.
- 2015: A fleeting light in the dark: memories of a life dedicated to science
- Brief Candle in the Dark: My Life in Science.
- 2017: Science in the soul: chosen texts of a passionate rationalist
- Science in the Soul: Selected Writings of a Passionate Rationalist.
- 2019: Outgrowing God: A Beginner's Guide
As an editor
- 2008: The Oxford Book of Modern Science Writing
Books about Dawkins
See also: Responses to The God delusion.
- Sterelny, Kim: Dawkins vs. Gould: survival of the fittest. 2001. ISBN 1-84046-780-0; ISBN 978-1-84046-780-2.
- McGrath, Alister: Dawkins' God: genes, memes, and the meaning of life, 2005.
- Grafen, Alan; and Ridley, Mark: Richard Dawkins: how a scientist changed the way we think: reflections by scientists, writers, and philosophers, 2006.
- Stove, David; and Kimball, Roger: Darwinian Fairytales: Selfish Genes, Errors of Heredity and Other Fables of Evolution, 2006. ISBN 1-59403-140-1
- Jones, Kathleen: Challenging Richard Dawkins, 2007. ISBN 1-85311-841-9.
- Haught, John F.: God and the new atheism: a critical response to Dawkins, Harris, and Hitchens, 2008. ISBN 0-664-23304-X.
- Vox Day: The irrational atheist: dissecting the unholy trinity of Dawkins, Harris, and Hitchens, 2008. ISBN 1-933771-36-4.
- Elsdon-Bake, Fern: The selfish genius2009.
- Hahn, Scott; and Wiker, Benjamin: Answering the New Atheism. Dismantling Dawlkins' Case Against God, 2008. Steubenville, Ohio: Emmaus Road Publishing. ISBN 978-1-931018-48-7.
Spanish version: Dawkins on observation. A Criticism of the New Atheism, 2011. Madrid: Rialp. ISBN 978-84-321-3837-9.
Appearance in other media
- Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed (2008).
- Doctor Who: "The Stolen Earth" (2008).
- The Simpsons: "Black Eyed, Please" (2013).
- Narrator on the album Endless Forms Most Beautiful (2015) of the Nightwish symphonic metal band.
- It appears in some of the musical videos that make up the work Symphony of Science by John Boswell:Our place in the Cosmos», «The Poetry of Reality (An Anthem for Science)», «A wave of Reason», «The Big Begining» and «The Greatest Show on Earth».
Documentaries
- 1987: Nice guys finish first.
- 1987: The blind watchmaker, The blind watchmaker
- 1991: Growing up in the universe.
- 1996: Break the science barrier.
- 2006: The root of all evil? (The root of all evils).
- 2007: The enemies of reason (The enemies of reason).
- 2008: The genius of Charles Darwin (The genius of Darwin)
- 2010: Faith school menace
- 2012: Sex, Death and the Meaning of Life
- 2013: The Unbelievers
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