Revolutionary Nationalist Movement

The Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR) is a right-wing Bolivian political party, founded on June 7, 1942. It governed Bolivia through the Presidency of Víctor Paz Estenssoro, Hernán Siles Zuazo (in his first term), Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada and Carlos Mesa. Presidents Walter Guevara Arze, Lidia Gueiler Tejada and Hernán Siles Suazo (in his second term) began their careers in this political shop, later continuing through splits from the party. Although President Gualberto Villarroel did not belong to any party, his presidential cabinet was made up of members of the MNR.

Its current national chief is Luis Eduardo Siles. Its national headquarters is the so-called "Casa Rosada", located in the San Pedro neighborhood of downtown La Paz, acquired in 1990 and which was looted and burned during the riots of October 2003.

History

Background

The MNR was created after the Chaco War (1932-1935) between Paraguay and Bolivia. At the end of the war, with the consequent military exhaustion and criticism of the ruling class, the oligarchy of the tin barons and landowners, a series of nationalist movements arose to put an end to this situation. In addition, in this period there was a series of short-lived governments (1935-1952) of various initiatives and very contradictory. Some of the founders of the MNR also came from the old Nationalist Party. The MNR forged an alliance between the middle class and working class sectors and drew up a nationalist plan that would unleash the seizure of power, either by democratic means or through a bourgeois revolution, to end the prevailing political system and mode of production.

Revolutionary period (1952-1985)

The first is the revolutionary period, in the 1950s. Between 1952 and 1964 he carried out a series of political (universal suffrage), social and economic reforms (agrarian reform and nationalization of tin mines). In this stage, the MNR was led by Víctor Paz Estenssoro and Hernán Siles Zuazo.

Reformist period (1985-2003)

Later, in the governments of the periods 1985-1989; 1993-1997; and 2002-2003 promoted economic liberalization, mainly through a famous supreme decree: 21060, and a privatization process, better known as capitalization of the main state companies, as well as economic reforms of the type neoliberal.

It became a center-right reformist party in the 1980s, in the fourth and last government of Víctor Paz Estenssoro, and finally in the 1990s and early 20th century XXI in the governments of Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, turning around his initial statist and revolutionary doctrine of the 50s.

During these years the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were promoting "capitalizing" or "privatizers" in developing countries worldwide and Bolivia was no exception. The MNR followed this current in these years. The result of this process has been highly debated, with many defenders and detractors. According to its defenders, a large part of the modernization of the Bolivian state during these years in telecommunications, hydrocarbons, transport and in general the insertion of Bolivia on the world map is due to this process.^{[citation required]}

Reorganization (2003-present)

Due to popular uprisings in 2003, mainly in the cities of La Paz and El Alto, Sánchez de Lozada fled the country and resigned as president. Then the MNR entered into a process of internal renewal of the entire leadership at the national level. In October 2008, internal elections were held for Heads of Departmental Commands and in November the election of Sectoral and Functional Heads, with a view to reorganizing the party for the election cycle that began in January 2009 with the Referendum on Approval of the New Political Constitution of the State (NCPE), promoted by the Morales government and the general elections of December 2009.

Authorities

Presidents of Bolivia

Image	Name	Mandate
		Home	Fin
	Gualberto Villarroel	1943	1946
	Victor Paz Estenssoro	1952	1956
	Hernan Siles Zuazo	1956	1960
	Victor Paz Estenssoro	1960	1964
		1964	1964
		1985	1989
	Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada	1993	1997
		2002	2003

Vice Presidents of Bolivia

Image	Name	Mandate
		Home	Fin
	Julián Montellano Carrasco	1945	1946
	Hernan Siles Zuazo	1952	1956
	Ñuflo Chávez Ortiz	1956	1957
	Juan Lechín Oquendo	1960	1964
	René Barrientos Ortuño	1964	1964
	Julio Garrett Ayllón	1985	1989
	Victor Hugo Cárdenas	1993	1997
	Carlos Mesa Gisbert	2002	2003

Divisions

Due to internal struggles and ideological differences, the MNR has emerged as independent organizations:

• Nationalist Revolutionary Authentic Movement (MNRA, 1960), later Revolutionary Authentic Party (PRA) by Walter Guevara Arze
• Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left (PRIN, 1971) by Juan Lechín and Lydia Gueiler Tejada
• Revolutionary Nationalist Movement of Left (MNRI, 1971) of Hernán Siles Zuazo
• Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNRH, 1978)
• Revolutionary United Nationalist Movement (MNRU, 1980)
• Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNRV)

Election results

Year	Votes	%	+/ pp	Scalls
				Camera	Senate
1944	n/d	n/d		56/137
1947	n/d	n/d		4/111	1/27
1949	n/d	n/d		9/111	1/27
1956	& fake fake fake fake fake fake die0787792.787 792	84.4		61/68	18/18
1958	& fake fake fake fake fake fake brainstorms0371450.371 450	85.4	1.0	65/68	18/18
1960	' s fake fake fake fake fake hipster dies0735619. expose himself to hypothesis.735 619	76.1	9,3	51/68	18/18
1962	& fake fake fake fake fake fake 0886572. fake fake fake fake brain0886 572	84.7	8.6	64/72	27/27
1964	' s fake fake fake fake fake brainchild age. exposes herself to blindness.1 114 717	97.9	13,2	57/73	22/27
1966	' s fake fake fake fake fake fake brainchild fake 06050505.60 505	6.0	91.9	1/102	1/27
1979	& fake fake fake fake fake fake brainchild exposes0527184.527 184	35,87	29.8	48/117	16/27
1980	& fake fake fake fake fake fake brainstorms0263706. exposes himself to fake brainstorm.263 706	20.15	15,72	34/130	10/27
1985	' s fake fake fake fake fake brainchild exposes0456704. exposes fake brainchild.456 704	30.36	10,21	43/130	16/27
1989	& fake fake fake fake fake fake brainchild fake 030363113. expose himself to hypothesis.363 113	25,64	4.72	40/130	9/27
1993	& fake fake fake fake fake fake brainchild exposes0585937. exposes fake brainchild.585 937	33,80	8.16	52/130	17/27
1997	' s fake fake fake fake fake fake brainchild expose0396235.396 235	18,20	15.6	26/130	4/27
2002	& fake fake fake fake fake fake brainchild fake 060624126. expose himself to hypothesis.624 126	22,50	4.3	36/130	11/27
2005	& fake fake fake fake fake fake brainstorms0184937. hypothesize fake brainstorms0184 937	6.46	16,04	7/130	1/27
2019	' s fake fake fake fake fake fake brainchild exposes042334.42 334	0.69		0/130	0/36