Resistance (city)

Resistencia —and also officially City of Resistencia— is an Argentine city, capital and most populous city of the Chaco province, as well as its main social center and economic. It is, in turn, the head of a metropolitan area, known as Gran Resistencia, which in 2010 had 385,726 inhabitants. Located in the southeast of the province, on the right bank of the Paraná River —shortly after receiving it from the Paraguay River— it is 18 km from the city of Corrientes, to which it is linked by the General Belgrano bridge. Together they form a conurbano of nearly 800,000 inhabitants. It has more than 600 sculptural works in the streets of the city, which earned it the title of National Capital of Sculptures.

The Municipality of Resistencia is the body in charge of governing the city and surrounding rural areas. This extension advances through the San Fernando department to the north and south of the city, leaving the town of Colonia Baranda under its jurisdiction.

The main economic activities are public administration, commerce and call centers. In the NEA region it stands out as a communications hub.

It sits on the alluvial plain of the Paraná River, 50 meters above sea level, crossed by the meandering Negro River, and with a large number of lagoons; its climate is semi-tropical semi-steppe. Its natural environment alternates closed mountains, ravines, lagoons and pastures.

It was founded in 1878 by Decree of the National Government on the basis of Paraje San Fernando, a forest settlement inhabited since the mid-XIX century, who were joined by a contingent of Italian immigrants who formed the first agricultural colony in the Chaco, and which would later allow the colonization of the rest of the territory. In 1884 it was declared Capital of the National Territory of Chaco. In the following decades it would quickly become the most populated city in the NEA, favored by the good communication routes provided by the Paraná River and the railroad tracks, and a marked industrial bias that was lost in the last decades of the century XX. ^{[citation required]} The erection of the General Belgrano bridge (inaugurated in 1973) ended up strengthening it as a communication hub for Northern Argentina, by connecting it with the City of Corrientes and with the rest of Argentine Mesopotamia. In the mid-1960s, the idea of embellishing the city with sculptures planted everywhere arose, a manifestation that continued over the years and earned it the title of City of Sculptures, made official in 2006 by the National Senate. Since the end of the XX century, the city has tried to establish a friendlier relationship with its surrounding environment, characterized by the abundance of lagoons and mountains that until then had been systematically filled in and felled respectively.

Toponymy

The reason for the name Resistencia was debated. The Chaco Exploration Commission explains in its report, without giving further details, that the name comes from "the fact that a small number of men without protection from any government have resisted the continuous threats of the aborigines for quite some time." Seferino Geraldi however, it demonstrated that the name was already used in official correspondence in 1875, prior to the attacks mentioned in said report. According to Geraldi, the Paraje San Fernando was called Resistencia with the same epic tone with which the town of Reconquista had already been called by Manuel Obligado. In 2006 the historian Altamirano He was contrary to this theory and supports the original hypothesis, emphasizing the existence of indigenous attacks prior to the arrival of the Exploring Commission, which due to their magnitude could not have gone unnoticed by it.

The name was imposed in addition to the Resistencia Colony formed around it, and to the Resistencia Department that existed until the middle of the 20th century, which covered an area larger than that of the current Department of San Fernando.

Geography

Map of the municipality of Resistencia in the department San Fernando.

It is located in what is called the alluvial valley of the Paraná River, which is why in times of great flooding the river can occupy its entire area. Today a series of embankments and a containment dam over the Río Negro defend the city from this danger.

The Negro River completely crosses the city in a northwest-southeast direction, and four bridges were built in the city to circumvent it; The Negro River has a small tributary on its left bank in Resistencia, the Ojeda stream. At the time when the Negro River used to be a navigable route, it was an important means of communication with the rest of the province. The other important water course that crossed it is the Arazá stream, which ran south of the city in the same direction as the previous one; however, it was tubed or directly filled. The absence of this watercourse brought innumerable problems for the natural runoff of the waters, which was partly solved with a so-called South channel that runs in a straight line towards the Barranqueras stream, an arm of the Paraná.

Palmar in the access of Resistance, seen from the Monte Alto neighborhood.

Many of the lagoons that existed before the foundation were filled in, leaving today some 20 in the metropolitan area. Among them we can highlight the Argüello lagoon, which today is the center of a park 10 blocks from the central square, and that can reach 4 m depth. These semilunar-shaped lagoons are generally sections that the Negro River abandoned.

Climate

Resistance Climogram.

The area is hot with no dry season, with approximately 1,300 mm of precipitation falling per year.

The local climate type is semitropical semi-steppe. The distance from the Paraná River (about 15 km) prevents it from exercising a strong regulatory role as it does, in the city of Corrientes, practically opposite Resistencia. The climate of Resistencia can also be classified as humid subtropical (Cfa) according to the Köppen climate classification.

Temperatures in summer are usually high and with moderate humidity (annual average of 46%), where temperatures of more than 42 °C in summer are quite common. Winter is presented with mild days and cool nights, with some nights of more intense cold, but rarely below 0 °C. In contemporary history no snowfall was recorded in the city.

The main winds are the South (cold) and the so-called North wind, which is a dry and very hot wind.

Average Resistance Climate Parameters
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Temp. max. abs. (°C)	43.7	43.5	40.7	39.1	35.5	32.3	35.5	38.0	43.5	41.7	43.5	42.3	43.7
Average temperature (°C)	33.5	32.2	30.4	26.2	23.6	20.4	21.1	23.0	24.0	28.0	29.7	32.4	27.0
Average temperature (°C)	27.0	26.1	24.4	21.1	17.9	14.7	15.0	16.8	17.8	21.6	23.9	25.8	21.0
Temp. medium (°C)	21.1	20.7	19.3	17.0	13.1	10.1	10.1	11.4	12.1	15.2	18.0	19.3	15.6
Temp. min. abs. (°C)	10.6	9.0	5.8	2.1	-3.2	-4.7	-3.8	-4.1	-1.4	1.4	5.8	7.7	-4.7
Total precipitation (mm)	148.0	171.2	200.0	284.9	97.0	87.5	47.3	49.5	81.3	123.7	158.1	108.2	1556.7
Days of rain (≥)	9	9	10	11	8	9	7	6	8	9	11	8	105
Relative humidity (%)	71	75	78	83	82	83	80	76	74	71	73	69	76
Source No. 1: National Meteorological Service (Period 1981-1990)
Source No. 2: Agricultural Risk Office (extremes 1970–2014)

Floods

The Black River seen from Villa Fabiana, one of the neighborhoods of the city. You can appreciate a meander of the river and the jungle of the gallery.

A characteristic of the city of Resistencia is the constant flooding it is subjected to after heavy rains. The reasons for this are several:

• The city is in a fungi, so the water is often prevented from running in a natural direction towards the Black River or the Paraná River.
• The soil constitution is clay, which makes it difficult to filter in it.
• Numerous lagoons and water courses (temporal or permanent) were filled to continue the process of land occupation for the population.^{[chuckles]required]}

However, the greatest danger that hangs over the city is not the pluvial floods but the significant floods that the Paraná River usually has approximately every 20 years. The last ones occurred in 1962, 1982 and 1997. The 1982 flood was well remembered because the flood collapsed a containment dam built just a few years earlier on the Negro River, keeping the population of Resistencia in suspense until the level of the sea dropped. water. The event later led to a commented lawsuit against the construction company for the terrible level of its work, although it did not come to fruition for the province since the firm went bankrupt in the process.

In recent years, the provincial government carried out works to prevent floods, including the Pumping Station on Avenida Soberanía Nacional, the Cuenca-Canal Clayton Storm Drain Pipe (Barranqueras), Los Hacheros and Avenida Laprida and Resettlement, with an investment of $190 million in flood prevention works.

Urban layout

The Paseo Costanero integrates the city with the winding Black River course.

Resistencia was designed with urban criteria that differentiate it from the typical checkerboard layout existing in most of the oldest cities in Argentina. Its streets and avenues are spacious, allowing wide sidewalks and comfortable circulation in two lanes. The avenues that form the outline of the original town have large squares (such as Ávalos avenue) or six traffic lanes (such as Alvear avenue), depending on the case.

View of the Urban Park on the Argüello Lagoon.

The epicenter of the city is the 25 de Mayo square, which with its more than 4 hectares is one of the largest in the country. Four cross-shaped avenues originate from its center, from which the rest of the streets originate and which mark the beginning of the numbering. Four other plazas in the central case make up the original green lung, which are: Plaza 12 de Octubre, 9 de Julio, Belgrano and España.

The most important green area is Parque 2 de Febrero, located on the edge of the downtown area, with approximately 5 hectares; In 2006 the Paseo Costanero was inaugurated, a natural extension of the park on the right bank of the Negro River and one of the main attractions of the city. The Caraguatá north park, although it has a much larger area, is far from the center of the city, and even from the nearest urban area. Another important recreational space is the vicinity of the airport, and the final stretch of Sarmiento avenue.

Within the municipal commons and close to the city of Barranqueras is the neighborhood of La Liguria, which was originally formed as a separate locality from Resistencia that was later absorbed by it, where the Monument to Liberty is currently located at the intersection of 9 de Julio and Diagonal Eva Perón avenues, on the Villa Monona roundabout, near the Regiment.

History

The colonial period

The area that Resistencia occupies today was the seat of groups of Guaicurú peoples, pedestrian tribes that lived from hunting and fishing, very bellicose; Among them, the Abipones stood out to the south of Bermejo, who would have been the first outpost of the Guaycurúes towards the Central and Austral Chaco. The abipones were made up of three peoples: the riicagé (people of the open fields), the nacaigetergé (people of the forest) and the yaaucanigá (people of the river), each with its own dialect. The payaguás settled on the Paraguay River to the north from the Bermejo River, but they were engaged in trade and piracy along the Paraná-Paraguay river line. The Mepenes were also privateering merchants on the Chaco coast, their name disappears from the chronicles after the Spanish conquest, so Tissera believes which may be the already mentioned yaaucanigá.

The Spanish had covered the entire perimeter of the Chaco between 1541 and 1580, and in 1588 Corrientes was founded, on the opposite bank of the Paraná.

Chalet Villa Perrando, unique heritage building that is in original condition. Point of interest required for those who visit the city.

Foundation

The Resistencia colony settled in what was originally the reduction of the Abipones native town of San Fernando del Río Negro, which existed in the area between 1750 and 1767. Although it was already traced in 1875, its settlement had begun Some time ago, after Colonel Ávalos settled in 1869 along with a number of Italian immigrants, adding others later. The foundation was carried out on January 27, 1878, the date on which the initial measurement (executed by Arturo Seelstrang and Enrique Foster) was approved and it was officially created.

The Museo del Hombre Chaqueño exhibits objects from the beginnings of the city and the province.

The date of February 2 is celebrated as the date of arrival of the first Friulian immigrants, however, historical studies agree that it was the same day the colony was created. These immigrants, who strengthened the population that was already there, increased progress with those who arrived after 1879. These were the pillar on which a good part of the province and the city were built. The initial colonization process was the result of an official settlement policy for this region based on the Immigration Law No. 817, very widespread in Europe in those years. Progress was partly due to the contribution of institutions such as the Italian Society, founded by the first Italians and which brought together a large part of the professional community, highlighting within it medical partners, architects, lawyers, politicians, among others.

20th century

In 1953 the National Territory of Chaco was declared a province and Resistencia, which was already the capital of the National Territory, became the provincial capital. On July 3, 1939, Pope Pius XII divided the diocese of Santa Fe to create the diocese of Resistencia, which was elevated to an archdiocese on April 1, 1984 by John Paul II.

A doctor who did great works for his human quality and his iron will was Dr. Julio Cecilio Perrando whose name bears the regional hospital, two other doctors of commendable value for their dedication to the poor and aborigines were Dr. Antonio Heraclio Luis Álvarez Lottero and Dr. Pedro Biolchi, the latter with great influence on the city of Barranqueras.

In the 1950s, during the governorships of Felipe Gallardo and Deolindo, Felipe Bittel began construction of the Resistencia International Airport, the Resistencia-Barranqueras public transportation service was created, and numerous buildings for schools, police stations, municipalities, and centers of health.

Demographics

Origin of the population

The population of Resistencia is made up of descendants of European immigrants, Creoles from neighboring provinces and Paraguay, and descendants of indigenous peoples. Planned European immigration began in January 1878 with inhabitants from northern Italy (mainly Friuli, Trento, Udine and Veneto) and southern Austria (Tyrol among others). Among the Creoles, most come from the neighboring Province of Corrientes; Corrientes and Paraguayans formed the majority of the population before the creation of the colony. Among the indigenous peoples, the Qom ethnic group has the greatest preponderance, although there are also Wichís and Mocovíes. Towards the end of the XX century, the migratory movement of the rural population and towns in the interior of the province to Resistencia caused a sharp increase of the population.

Geographic growth of the city

The sites with the greatest attraction for the new population are the northern lands for the sectors with more resources, especially those located along the road to Corrientes, in addition to their recent protection against floods. This pressure on the land in the north acts negatively on areas of high environmental value such as the land located on the banks of the Negro River. While the south of the city is the sector with the highest growth among low-income people, mainly the land located to the south of Soberanía Nacional and Malvinas Argentinas avenues.

Population

The urban population of Resistencia totaled 290,723 inhabitants (Indec, 2010), which represents an increase of almost 6% compared to the 274,490 inhabitants (Indec, 2001) in the previous census. Resistencia is the most populated city in its province and the second in the NEA region. This figure means 27.6% of the provincial population, slightly higher than the 27.9% ten years ago. The rural population of the municipality of Resistencia totals about 1,000 inhabitants, among which the population of Colonia Baranda can be highlighted, about 10 km to the west, and which does not reach 350 people.

The urban area of Resistencia presents a natural continuity with three other localities in the Greater Resistencia metropolitan area; This agglomeration is the most populated in the NEA and the eleventh in the country.

According to data from the 2008 Permanent Household Survey, 26.4% of the population was below the poverty line, and 7.8% of the total was below the indigence line. These figures place it among the poorest cities in the country. In turn, unemployment reaches 4.6%, less than half the national average.

In the early years of the XXI century, there has been a growing immigration of Paraguayan families to the city.

Infrastructure

Drinking water comes from a water intake on the Barranqueras stream, an intake that can become mobile when the riverbed is very low. This intake also feeds the two largest cities in the interior of the province, and 5 m³ per second is extracted from it. In addition to 2021, a second intake is being built next to the head of the General Manuel Belgrano bridge.

In 2021, 54% of the population of Gran Resistencia has access to the sewage service. That year, a new wastewater treatment plant was inaugurated, with Upflow Anaerobic Reactor technology, which would reach the entire metropolitan area. It is located 5 kilometers south of the urban plant, and dumps the treated water from the Barranqueras stream.

Methods of communication

Railway station General Belgrano.

Resistance is a hub of communication in the region in practically all media. The large number of motorcycles and bicycles that circulate in the urban area, used by the resisters as a regular means of transportation, is also very striking to the visitor.

• Automotive: the National Route 11 it communicates with the cities of Buenos Aires, Rosario and Santa Fe south, and with the cities of Formosa, Clorinda and Asunción (Paraguay) north. It is planned to transform the stretch through the urban ejido of the city into the highway. La National Route 16 the link with the Argentine Northwest, arriving to the city of Salta, as well as being part of a biocean corridor from Brazil to Chile. The same route reaches the head of the General Manuel Belgrano Bridge, which unites the provinces of Chaco and Corrientes, and from there through the National Route 12 is linked to the rest of the north-east region. The sector of this route between the intersections with National Route No. 11 and Provincial Route No. 63 is a 4-lane highway separated by a green space in the center. After the crossing of Routes 11 and 16, the motorway on Route 16 follows its course to the toll station subsequently located to the town of Makallé.

Alberdi Station, the closest to the main square, of the Argentinian Railway Operations.

• Railway: at the time there were two railway tracks: the General Belgrano railway and the Santa Fe railway. The tracks of the latter were lifted, so there is only one left, which links it with the rest of the province. Trains Argentinos Operations for its part is a company of the national state, joins Puerto Tirol with Barranqueras, and the city of Resistance with the localities of the southeast of the province and Los Amores, province of Santa Fe.

International Airport of Resistance.

• Airport: the International Airport of Resistance, located west of the city, is one of the most important international airports in Argentina, serving many times of emergency stop for international flights thanks to its track of almost 3000 meters, and the largest civil airport in northern Santa Fe, with capacity to accommodate up to five commercial jet planes on its track. By 2015 the airport has four daily flights to Buenos Aires operated by Argentine Airlines.

• Port: While the days of the Black River as a navigable way have ended, the Paraná River from the nearby port of Barranqueras can be considered as a more communicative way of the city.

Economy

Casa de Gobierno, sede de las autoridades de la provincia del Chaco.

When Resistencia was founded, it was the first agricultural colony in the Province, and it was soon designated the capital of the territory. As the colonies expanded, Resistencia consolidated itself as a service center, boosted by the fluvial communication provided by the nearby port of Barranqueras, from which most of the local production was shipped. Then numerous oil, tannin and textile industries began to emerge, all based on the transformation of the most exploited local products. This is how Resistencia became one of the main productive poles of the country. The presence of two railway lines and then the interprovincial bridge (the first Argentine bridge over the Paraná River) that unites the Province of Chaco with the city of Corrientes increased this importance, which thus gained regional dynamism.

Banco de la Nación Argentina en Resistencia. It was the first bank agency in the province of Chaco.

However, the decline of industrial activity began around the 1970s, giving way to a city whose main source of income today is public administration, commerce and services. The almost continuous urban agglomerate that forms the city of Corrientes constitutes an economic mainstay in itself, since it practically doubles the labor and economic market in various aspects. Resistencia is also extremely important in the logistics sector, since its privileged location and access (railway, airport, highway and river) make it an ideal location for distribution and transfer centers throughout the northeast region of the country.

In Resistencia are the headquarters of important national companies such as Grupo CARSA (operator of more than 100 Musimundo stores, owner of the financial company Corefin and the mattress brand Reposar), Cetrogar (a chain of articles for the home with more than 60 branches throughout the country), STAR (Services for companies), Agros Soluciones, Amarilla Gas, Ghiggeri Motos (factory and distributor of motorcycles) and Firenze Viajes (tourism agency), among others.

Trade

The busiest shopping center is located on Calle Arturo Illia (from 0 to 400) and Juan Domingo Perón (from 0 to 300), which are actually the same street on either side of Alberdi Avenue. The first two blocks of Perón street were transformed into a pedestrian street in July 2008, a destination that the first two blocks of Illia street will also share. Santa María de Oro street stands out in the bazaar area.

Another center of commerce is 25 de Mayo Avenue, originally the only access to the city, which is why it concentrated the movement of hardware stores, automobiles, and agricultural products. Currently there is a displacement of the most exclusive commercial area towards the northeast of the city, in the main access from the province of Corrientes (Sarmiento avenue).

On the other hand, another artery that also stands out is Alvear Avenue, whose junction with National Route 11, 8 blocks from the junction of this route with 25 de Mayo Avenue, constitutes one of the main accesses to the city for the west sector. Along this avenue, from its source on Avenida Alberdi to the aforementioned junction, the presence of shops in the auto parts and refueling sector stands out, as well as the presence of mechanical workshops, taking a panorama similar to that of Avenida Warnes in Capital Federal.

The busiest gastronomic items are grouped on Ávalos and Lavalle avenues, which have landscaped squares and open spaces that attract diners on hot summer nights.

Tourism

5 star hotel and casino of the city of Resistance. Located on Perón and Necochea Street, in the heart of the shopping centre.

Cultural tourism can be highlighted with the tour of the sculptures scattered throughout the city, and the greatest milestone of this activity: the International Sculpture Biennial, which summons prominent international artists to compete in the city every two years. The event unfolds on the Paseo Costanero del Río Negro. The Parque de la Democracia located on Avenida Sarmiento and on the shores of the Colussi lagoon attracts a large number of visitors during the weekend. In front of it is the Shopping Sarmiento, a commercial center with great attendance.

The Paseo Peatonal is an open-air shopping promenade that spans four blocks from Arturo Illia and Juan Domingo Perón streets, attracting many shoppers. The Resistencia shopping center is one of the most important in the region.

There are several hotels, being the casino hotel —belonging to a national chain of international level— the only one with a 5-star category.

Culture

Ansias of Light (o) The blindErminio Blotta.

This city stands out in Argentina, for having a vast urban statuary in its streets, avenues and parks (606 sculptures as of May 2015), the first urban monuments were placed in 1920, many of these come from contests that are held in the city. In October 2006 Resistencia was declared National Capital of Sculptures by the Congress of the Argentine Nation. It has a Rambla de Esculturas 650 m long, located in the north of the city, in which 25 marble and wood sculptures were located. It can be said that in the central urban area, there is at least one statue per block or block, some of them magnificently made. Also noteworthy is the cultural house known as El Fogón de los Arrieros, where the city's cultural groups used to meet, and in which handicrafts and objects of the most diverse nature. El Fogón Friulano del Chaco, an institution that since 1957 represents the Friulan immigrants who founded the city on February 2, 1878. This institution contributes every February 2 in the city anniversary party the symbolic landing recreating the Resistance Foundation, also has contact with the Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia and the Ente Friuli Nel Mondo, promoting and promoting contact of descendants residing in the area with their relatives from Friuli, through scholarships for young people in order to get to know the land of their ancestors. The Northeast Cultural Center, belonging to the Northeast National University, permanently organizes exhibitions and cultural activities. Since 2015, the chalet Villa Perrando, the only heritage building in the city that is in original state and currently functions as the headquarters of the Italian Association, a historic house with constant shows and a cultural center.

The "Guido Miranda" Cultural Complex provides the community with a theater with 560 seats for spectators, distributed in an audience and two levels of boxes, central and sides; and also a movie theater called "Espacio INCAA km 1020" fully carpeted and with 183 seats, which operates on the top floor, independently of the theater. It is also worth noting the Domo del Centenario "Zitto Segovia".

The building of La Casa de las Culturas, which is located on Marcelo T. de Alvear street and Miter corner, was built in 2010 with five floors, organized as follows:

• Ground floor: Reception, Hall, Bar Posada de Aristas, sales room, Exhibition hall n.o 1, patio with garages and storage.
• First Floor: auditorium, with camarines; and essay room of the Contemporary Ballet of the Province.
• Second Floor: Management, Production and Communication; Music area of the Institute of Culture; and essay room of the Symphony Orchestra of the Province.
• Third Floor: offices of MUBA, Workshop of Restoration and Technical Reserve; exhibition rooms n.o 2 and 3; and area of Visual Arts of the Institute of Culture.
• Fourth Floor: study of radio and television (in construction); terrace; Room of Multiple Uses; deposit; and meeting room of the SADE

The visual arts are very important in the city, standing out for its artists, both historical and contemporary, to mention some references of the XX century and early XXI century we could mention Crisanto Domínguez, Juan de Dios Mena, Rodolfo Shenonne, Beatriz Moreiro, Andrés Bancalari, Juan Zorrentino and Diego Figueroa.

For its part, the Centro Cultural Alternativo (CECUAL) is located at Calle Santa María de Oro 471, where it offers courses and workshops on music, choirs, theater, photography, etc.

The “International Sculpture Biennial” that has been held since 1988 in the city of Resistencia, Argentina, is a contest organized by the Urunday Foundation and the Government of the Province of Chaco -forming the 'Organizing Committee' It is a reference at the local level in the cultural field.

Museums

The train station that operated on the raised tracks of the Santa Fe Railway was refurbished to host the Augusto Schulz Natural Science Museum.

Resistencia has an interesting number of museums. As the provincial capital and main populated center of the province, it houses some of the most important collections and objects in the region. Among the historical museums, the Museum of the Chaco Man, the Juan Alfredo Martinet Regional Anthropology Museum and the Ichoalay Museum stand out. The first houses important pieces from the beginnings of the Chaco colonization, even prior to the founding of the city; the Museum of Anthropology, which occupies a room of the Faculty of Humanities of the National University of the Northeast, preserves some of the most important archaeological records of the region, such as the results of research on the ruins of Concepción de Buena Esperanza; The Ichoalay Museum has various objects from the beginnings of the Resistencia Colony. Other historical museums are the Museum of Memory (which works where there was a clandestine detention center) and Casa Geraldi, belonging to one of the first settlers.

In the artistic aspect, the René Bruseau Museum of Fine Arts stands out for its collection of sculptural pieces; There is also an important collection in the Fogón de los Arrieros, a renowned Chaco artistic institution. Regional nature has its space in the Augusto Schulz Museum of Natural Sciences, which operates on the former train station of the Santa Fe Railroad. On the building of the broken Diario El Territorio currently operates the Museum of Communication Media, which permanently exhibits pieces used by the media throughout history.

Education

Because it was one of the first important towns in the area, some of the first secondary schools in the region were established in Resistencia, among which stands out the former Industrial College (EET N° 21 - "General Manuel Belgrano").

Today, there are two public universities based in the region: the Universidad Nacional del Nordeste -which has the cities of Resistencia and Corrientes as its main campuses-, was founded in 1956 and was originally a detachment of the academic units present in the area of the universities of Tucumán and the Coast. The National Technological University created an academic unit (the Resistencia Regional Faculty) in 1960. Both have a significant number of students not only from the area but from the entire province of Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, north of Santa Fe and in lesser extent Missions. The city is also home to the Higher School of Public Health, which dictates courses in Obstetrics and Laboratory Technicians; The first male obstetricians (midwives) in the country graduated from this school, at a time when the specialty, by national law, was only allowed to women. There are also private universities, whose number and offer of careers is constantly increasing.

Media

In the city of Resistencia are the headquarters of the main media outlets in the province of Chaco.

Channel 9 is the only analogue air television channel that has provincial reach (and also influence in Corrientes), and has its central studios in the city's macrocenter, being affiliated with Channel 13 of Buenos Aires. Other channels based in Resistencia are Chaco TV (digital channel owned by the Chaco government) and Canal 6 "Somos Resistencia" (cable channel owned by Cablevisión).

As for daily newspapers, Diario Norte is the main newspaper in the province, with an average daily circulation of 30,000 copies from Monday to Saturday, which reaches 50,000 on Sundays. There are also, with less influence, the newspapers Primera Línea, La Voz del Chaco and El Diario de la Región.

As in much of Argentina, the radio spectrum is overcrowded with stations, many of them with provisional permits, if not entirely illegal. Among the most influential legal stations and with the majority of local programming are Radio FM 104.7, Radio Libertad FM 99.1, Radio Mix FM 102.3, Radio Isla del Cerrito FM 106.3, Radio Universidad FM 91.1 and Radio Natagalá FM 94.7. There are only two legal stations in Modulated Amplitude: LRH 251 Radio Chaco AM 740 and LRH 26 Radio Nacional Resistencia AM 620.

As for digital media, there are twenty general websites, but the most influential are DiarioChaco.com, DataChaco.com, ChacoDiaPorDia.com and DiarioTag.com.

Religion

Cathedral San Fernando Rey de Resistencia, seat of the Archbishopric of Resistance.

The vast majority of the population is nominally Christian (Catholics and Evangelicals, although Mormons, Jehovah's Witnesses, and Adventists are also found). The Jewish community, which has two temples, numbers around 800 people, although at the beginning of the XX century it came to represent more than 4 % of the city's population. The Catholic Church has an archbishopric based in the city, and San Fernando Rey was designated patron.

Sports

The city has a rich sports history, in which we can highlight soccer, basketball, motor racing, volleyball and canoeing.

• Football: in football there are two amateur divisions in the local championship. Among the approximately 15 clubs are the Chaco For Ever Club Atlético and the Sarmiento Club Atlético, protagonists of the local classic. Sarmiento came to participate in the 1970s in the first division of Argentine football, however it is Chaco For Ever the entity that is most associated with football for its most constant participation in the main categories, reaching for several years a place in the highest category of Argentine professional football. Since the year 2021, Chaco For Ever has militated in the First National (ex B Nacional), the second category of Argentine football, while Sarmiento does it in the Federal Tournament A, third category of Argentine football. Another important club that this city has is the Club Atlético Resistencia Central, which in 2022 participated in the Regional Tournament Federal Amateur (fourth division of national football), receiving membership to compete for one year. Other important institutions are the Club Atlético Villa Alvear, the Regional Atlético Club and the North Argentine Central Atlético Club.
• Basketball: Basketball is a long-standing activity in the region, which delivered institutions and renowned players. The most important clubs are Hindú Club, the Resistance Regatta Club, the Don Bosco Sports Center and the Villa San Martín Club. The former Cosecha and Hindú club participated in the National Ascenso Tournament (second national level). Regatas is held in 2008 in the C League of Argentina (four professional category).
• Automotiveism: this discipline has ample roots in the history of the city, from the very beginnings of the activity in the Argentine Republic, being on several occasions headquarters of the length and arrival of the so-called "Vuelta del Chaco", of the primitive Road Tourism, used as a circuit of classifications for that competition, the perimeter of the current February 2 Park. Already in those times, men of Resistance and the interior of the Chaco became faithful representatives of the activity at the national level, such as Eduardo Gerónimo Orcola, Eduardo "Lolo" Carauni, Boris Afanasenko and who later gave his name to the main infrastructure work for motor sport: Santiago "Yaco" Guarnieri. From all this history, the Chaco Automoto Club, an institution with the aim of provincial motorism, was highlighted at the institutional level, but it saw its doors shut in 2015. As the main stage, the Santiago Yaco Guarnieri Authdrome, opened on June 24, 1979 and the site of multiple visits of national categories and the development of countless zonal activities, stands out. For his part, drivers such as Juan Manuel Silva, Oscar Sánchez (born in Machagai), Augusto Carinelli (born in Corzuela) and Lucas Carabajal, are established as the main representatives of the motor sport, both for the province, and for the city of Resistance, since much of their sports training had it on this circuit.
• Vóley: the Club de Regatas Resistencia, which participated in the main Argentine women's volleyball league in the 2000/2001 season and in 2008/2009. In the 2010/2011 season the Club Atlético Sarmiento will participate in the A1 League of Argentine Voley.
• Canoeing: the presence of the Black River allows the realization of nautical activities within which the canoeing stands out.
• Skateboarding: has two public skateparks located in the February 2 Park and in the Federal Tiro Urban Park.

Featured Characters

Governance system

View of the front of the Municipality of Resistance, headquarters of the municipal authorities and the Council of Deliberatives.

The city of Resistencia is administered by the Municipality of the city, of an autarchic nature, and as established by its Municipal Organic Charter (sanctioned in the year 2000), it has institutional, political, administrative, economic and financial autonomy. It is made up of an Executive Department (led by the Mayor), Legislative (the Municipal Council), Judicial (in charge of the Municipal Appeals Chamber, and Misdemeanors Judges distributed in the two misdemeanor courts of the city).

The Municipal Council of Resistencia is the one with the most members in the entire province, since it is the only municipality that up to now includes more than 100,000 inhabitants in the Chaco. These are eleven in total and are called councillors. The Council is headed by the President of the Council, followed by the 1st Vice President and 2nd Vice President of the Council.

The Executive Department is in charge of the Mayor of the City of Resistencia, who determines who will make up the municipal cabinet. Within the cabinet, the Secretaries will be in charge of endorsing the acts of the Mayor that fall within their competence. Each Municipal Secretariat is in charge of a division of the Executive, such as the Cabinet Coordination Secretariat and the Government Secretariat, which head the list. In addition to these, in the municipality of Resistencia there are currently other secretariats such as Public Works and Services and the Economy. These, in turn, have sub-secretaries reporting to them, which deal with more specific competencies. Generally, the Undersecretariats, such as Community Relations and Transit and Transportation, are subdivided into General Directorates, made up of Directorates and Departments.

Municipalities are independent of any other power in the exercise of their own functions: they establish their income and can create taxes, service fees, and also freely administer their assets. They can enter into contracts and dispose of their assets in public bidding.

The Municipality is directed by the Mayor, who takes office by direct election and lasts 4 years in office. In order to be elected, it is necessary to be Argentine, over 22 years of age and have at least 2 years of residence in the city.

Intendance of Resistance

The municipality of Resistencia, capital of the province of Chaco, as of December 2008, is the only one in the province that has an organic charter.

In November 2019, Gustavo Martín Martínez, mayor, who had served as head of the Deliberative Council, won the elections. He took office on December 10, 2019.

Garnish

This section is an excerpt from Annex:Deployment of the Argentine Armed Forces § Resistance.[chuckles]edit]

Argentine Army

Units of the Guar Ej Resistance	Abbreviation
Command of III Monte Brigade	Cdo Br Mte III
Monte 3 Engineer Company	Ca Ing Mte 3
Monte 3 Communications Company	Ca Com Mte 3
Monte Army Aviation Section 3	Sec Av Ej Mte 3
Monte 3 Intelligence Section	Sec Icia Mte 3
Logistics Support Base «Resistance»	BAL Resistance
Booking Company «Resistance»	Ca Res Resistance

Argentine Air Force

Units	Abbreviation
Resistance Area Control Center	n/d

Parishes of the Catholic Church in Resistance

Sister cities

• Údine, Italy since 1978. On the occasion of the centenary of the colonization of Resistance (January 27, 1878) by Friulan immigrants, with the auspiciousness and contact of the Friulano Association of Resistance, authorities of the Commune of Udine and the Municipality of Resistance, signed a declaration of twinning (gemellaggio) between both cities.
• Trento, Italy since 2002. In that year, an agreement was signed between the Autonomous Province of Trento and the Government of Chaco, on the occasion of the creation of a productive programme for the north of the Chaqueño and for the export of products. According to that agreement, a twinning act was also held between the City of Trento and the City of Resistance.
• Assumption, Paraguay. On 17 November 2006, the act of twinning with the Paraguayan capital was signed. The Paraguayan community is strong and active in the city.
• São Vicente, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Maternity Convention signed in 2006.
• Venice, Italy.
• Florence, Italy.
• Senigallia, Italy. Convention signed in 2011.
• Tarija, Bolivia
• Corrientes, Argentina. Both cities, with their respective conurbations, make up one of the largest conglomerates in the country.