Puruandiro

Puruándiro is the main city of the municipality of the same name. It is one of the 113 municipalities that make up the State of Michoacán de Ocampo and is located north of it in the Bajío region. It is the municipal seat and enjoys a temperate climate. It was founded by Juan de Villaseñor y Orozco in 1526.

In the wooded main garden there is a kiosk that indicates that its foundation was actually during 1565, but there are no records to corroborate this information.

It is believed that Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla spent a night in Puruándiro during his revolutionary movement and that in 1965 President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz made a visit to commemorate its founding. But again there is a lack of information to support these facts.

The town used to have an aqueduct, which has been affected by disuse and the passage of time, leaving only vestiges and some water basins. "The Mermaid" and "The Moor" are examples of these. One of the most emblematic is the so-called "Pile of Drinking Water" which for a long time supplied this resource to the population. Its channel emerged from a clay pipe coming from a spring located in the community of "El Sabino Buena Vista".

Near the church and the center portals are the "Lázaro Cárdenas" and the 'Morelos' garden. The latter has a bust dedicated to José María Morelos, an insurgent soldier from the Mexican War of Independence. In addition to a second effigy commemorating Benito Juárez, former president of the nation.

One of its most notable tourist attractions is the hot springs resort 'Los Arcos'. Property of the municipal ejido.

History

During the colonial period, it was the settlement of haciendas that supplied the entire shoal, especially Guanajuato and some other mining centers. Due to its proximity to them, it was established as an important commercial center. It was the mayor's office of Huango until 1787, when it had a Town Hall.

In the struggle for independence, the population was in the hands of insurgents, who in 1813, under the command of Ignacio López Rayón, were in charge of establishing political order and reactivated trade, to supply food to the independence troops operating in the shoal. As a result of the above, the population suffered several attacks.

After the era of independence, one of the towns that recovered most quickly was Puruándiro, with the recovery of agricultural and commercial production and with the development of the footwear industry. In 1822, it had 14,783 inhabitants. With the constitution of 1825, it was considered the head of the party and in 1831, it was established as the municipality of Puruándiro. In the reform war, the town was the center of military operations between Zacapu and the Uruapan mountains of the liberal Eustaquio Arias.

On April 20, 1855, Degollado went to Puruándiro and occupied the square at the triumph of the Ayutla revolution. Starting in 1860, they had representatives in the Chamber of Deputies. During the French Intervention, the landowners spoke out in favor of Maximilian's Empire and the people maintained a liberal position.

Puruándiro, has been a city since 1858, by decree of the Governor of the State Epitacio Huerta and on June 16, it was named “San Juan Puruándiro de Calderón”. In the Mexican Revolution, Puruándiro served as a center of activities for the forces of Colonel Eduardo Gutiérrez. On June 7, 1912, the city was burned.

The agrarian distribution, which had as actors the peasants demanding the land and the owners of the haciendas, was another of the important conflicts of the inhabitants of Puruándiro, so much so that it reached extremes of violence, José Zavala Cisneros, obtained for Puruándiro, the decree of November 3, 1921, where Governor Francisco J. Múgica ordered the impact of twelve thousand hectares of the San Antonio Arce hacienda. Obregón reduced the area to one third; But the agrarians on October 23, 1923, began a fight to enforce the governor's decree.

Chronology of historical events

• 1150. Chichimeca tribes are established in the region giving it the name of Ayotzingo "Surge of pumpkin".
• 1300. Battle between Chichimecas and Purepechas, resulting in victors the purépechas, the place is renowned "Puruandirhu" (Puruandirhu)Place of thermal waters).
• 1527. Conquest for Nuño de Guzmán.
• 1530. The crown confirms the possession of the encomienda of Puruándiro to Don Juan Villaseñor.
• 1787. Stop being Mayor of Huango and establish your Town Hall.
• 1813. The population is taken by Ignacio López Rayón and an insurgent centre is established.
• 1831. It was built in municipality.
• 1840. Epidemic cholera morbus.
• 1855. His square is taken by Santos Degollado.
• 1858. On June 16, the former Villa of Puruándiro is elevated to the City category
• 1912. On June 7, the city is set on fire.
• 1918. On May 25 the city is besieged by revolutionaries, the inhabitants manage to repel the attack, which is taken as a miracle of the Lord of HealthHoly People's Patron.
• 1921. The Governor of the State, Francisco J. Múgica, issues a decree of granting land.
• 1923. The peasants are organized to obtain the lands that were granted to them.
• 1927. Agrarians take possession of land.
• 1955. There is extreme drought in the region.
• 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic arrives in the municipality on May 1.

Toponymy

Its Purépecha name is Purhuandirhu which means "place of water where fire rests" or 'place of hot springs', since the city enjoys abundant hot water that comes from the aquifers that surround it. Many people take advantage of this water (rich in minerals such as sulfur) to bathe, wash clothes or simply relax by soaking in it.

Demography

The city of Puruándiro has a population of 32,333 inhabitants according to data from the XIV General Census of Population and Housing consulted in 2020 by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), making it the 16th most populated city in Michoacan.

Graphic of demographic evolution of Puruándiro between 1900 and 2020

Population of censuses of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) from 1900 to 2020.

Religion

Catholic Christianity predominates in 97% of the population, followed on a smaller scale by Protestantism, Jehovah's Witnesses and atheism.

Ethnic groups

According to the 1990 General Population and Housing Census, 213 people who speak Purépecha live in the municipality, and of which 106 are men and 107 are women.

Geographical data

Location It is located north of the State of Michoacán, at the coordinates 20° 05' north latitude and 101° 31' west longitude, at a height of 1890 meters above sea level. It limits to the north with José Sixto Verduzco, to the east with the State of Guanajuato, to the south with Jiménez and Morelos, and to the west with Angamacutiro and Panindícuaro. Its distance from the capital of the State of Morelia is 94 km.

From the main garden you can see the Cerro de la Cruz.

Extension Its area is 722.37 km² and represents 1.22% of the State's total.

Orography Its relief is made up of the depression of the Lerma River and the transverse volcanic system. Valleys and plains predominate (Valle de Puruándiro). It has hills, such as Grande, La Campana, Los Negros, del Sáuz, Camatarán, Blanco and the Cerrito de la Cruz.

All the elevations in the municipality are volcanic buildings which amount to more than 100 volcanic devices with their lava flows. Volcanoes are of different types, among which are volcanic domes (hills La Cruz, La Rinconada, Los Flojos), stratovolcanoes (Cerro Grande or Villachuato), shield volcanoes (Camatarán) and monogenetic cones (banks of material). of Janamuato, Cerro de San Pedro, Los Reyes de Chamacuero among others).

Hydrography Its hydrography is made up of the Cofradía, Tablón, Jazmín, Laguna, Conono, Colorado, Cazahuate and Angúlo streams, Tablón, Cofradía, Agua Tibia, sorrel, cold water springs and thermal springs.

The thermal area of Geroche or Jeroche, is made up of about 20 outcrops of thermal waters. The material in which the springs emerge are rocks and soil. This causes water outcrops to generate the presence of wetlands or swamps, which are dangerous due to high temperatures (in some places they exceed 50 °C).

Climate Its climate is temperate with rain in summer. It has an annual rainfall of 789.0 millimeters and temperatures ranging from 1°C to 38°C.

Main ecosystems The meadow dominates the municipality. Its fauna is made up of: thrush, güilota, quail, magpie, rabbit, hare, coyote and opossum.

Natural resources The timber forest surface is occupied by oak, the non-timber area by bushes of different species.

Characteristics and land use The soils of the municipality date from the Cenozoic, Tertiary and Miocene periods, they correspond mainly to those of the chernozem type. Its use is primarily agricultural and livestock and to a minimal extent forestry.

Economic activity

The main activities are agriculture, livestock and commerce. The agricultural products produced are: corn, beans, wheat, sorghum, chickpeas, among others. In livestock farming there are mainly pigs and cattle.

Tourism: In this municipality there are two thermal water spas, recreation centers; It also has historical sites such as the former Villachuato hacienda, the former San Antonio Carano hacienda, the parish temple of Señor de la Salud, the El Niñado temple and the Expiatorio temple, known as Los Angeles, the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Guadalupe, shops. various clothing, furniture, footwear, food, hardware stores, pharmacies, stationery stores, pharmacies, bookstores, distributors, construction materials, mechanical workshops, crafts, music classes, sports, sports center and bakery.

Services: The capacity of these at the head is sufficient to meet the demand, offering accommodation in hotels and motels; feeding; nightclubs; travel agencies, tourist transportation and banking services. It has an IMSS clinic and several other private practice clinics.

Education

The city has various educational institutions from preschool to university:

Preschool

• Cendi 13
• Children's Garden "Quiroga Boat"
• Children's Garden "Eva Sámano"
• Children's Garden "Profa. Blanca Silva López"
• Children's Garden "Juana Pavón"
• Children's Garden "Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera"
• College "Amanecer" Preschool Section
• College "Jose Maria Morelos"

Primary

• Primary School "Miguel Hidalgo"
• State Rural Primary School "Narcis Mendoza"
• Federal Urban Primary School "Heroes"
• Primary School "Justo Sierra"
• Elementary School "Lic. Benito Juárez"
• Primary School "Children of Mexico"
• College "Jose Maria Morelos"
• Primary School "Melchor Ocampo"
• Primary School "Adolfo López Mateos"
• "America" Primary School
• Elementary School "Leandro Valle"
• College "Amanecer" Primary Section

Secondary schools

• Federal Secondary School "Cárdenas Damage"
• "Francisco Villa" Secondary School
• Federal Secondary School "Lic. Rafael Carrillo"

Preparatory

• CECyTE 04 Puruándiro
• Escuela Preparatoria "Gustavo Díaz Ordáz"
• Open Preparatory "Quiroga Basque"
• INEA
• Colegio de Bachilleres Unit SEA

Higher Secondary Education

• Universidad Vasco de Quiroga
• NODO Puruándiro UMSNHDistance education)
• Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Puruándiro (ITESP)

Sister cities

• Valle de Santiago Guanajuato Mexico
• Angamacutiro Michoacan Mexico