Punta Arenas
Punta Arenas is a commune, city and interoceanic port in the southern zone of Chile. It is the capital of the Magallanes Province, the Magallanes Region and the Chilean Antarctic and, unofficially, of the so-called "Chilean Patagonia". It was founded by the Chilean military on December 18 from 1848 as the main seat of the Magallanes Territory and as a penal colony. It is located in the area that British cartography had named Sandy Point, a place chosen for its easy access to fresh water and coal and from which it derives its current name, specifically between the Río del Carbón (current Río de las Minas) to the north and from Río de la Mano to the south, under the slope of Cerro de las Siembras (now Cerro de la Cruz), thus being located on the eastern coast of the Brunswick Peninsula, on the continental shore of the Strait of Magellan and a few kilometers from the Cape Froward, the southernmost point of the entire continental mass of America.
The geographical location of the city makes it a strategic point, both politically and historically, touristically, geopolitically and economically. Together with Coyhaique, they are the only two regional capitals of Chile located to the east of the Andes Mountains, being the only regional capital of Chile that has sunrises by the sea and sunsets towards the mountains.
The city is projected as a global gateway to the Antarctic continent, since more than 15 countries occupy the city as a base port and at least 25 countries request its Antarctic services.
Punta Arenas is located between the two largest freshwater reserves in the world, Antarctica and the Southern Ice Fields.
Punta Arenas is located in the commune of the same name, which belongs to Electoral District No. 28 and the 16th Senatorial Circumscription (Magallanes).
Before the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914, it was the main port for navigation between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans due to its location in the Strait of Magellan, a circumstance that explains its golden age, which made it a great center cosmopolitan and commercial in the southern tip of South America. This has influenced the European character of the city center, which displays outstanding architecture and culture.
Punta Arenas is the most populated and cosmopolitan city in Southern Patagonia. It is currently positioned as one of the regional capitals with the highest quality of life index and has the second highest per capita income in the country.
Toponymy
Punta Arenas' name derives from Sandy Point (Spanish: "Punta Arenosa"), assigned during John Narborough's voyage in 1669-1671. Narborough wrote in his record:
Sand-Point [sic] is a mean low Point, lies out more than the other Points of the shore, and a few trees grow on it.
18th century British explorer John Byron John Byron is sometimes mistakenly credited with naming the area.
The city was founded on December 18, 1848 as a result of the transfer of the population from Fort Bulnes by order of the recently assumed Governor José Santos Mardones, for having better climatic conditions and water and firewood supply; in the English nautical charts raised by expeditions the sector was still called Sandy Point. The name of Punta Arenas arose, reiterating, from the Spanish translation of the English term "Sandy Point".
The city was renamed in 1928 as "Magallanes" through Decree Law 8582, although its original name was restored in 1938 and today that name is normally used to describe the administrative region of which it is the capital.
Punta Arenas was called "the city of red roofs", based on that characteristic of the city: the metal roofs are painted in that color. Since 1970, the homogeneity in this aspect begins to disappear after the availability of other colors in the protective finishes for metal roofs; which has resulted in a greater variety of colors.
Demographics
The city of Punta Arenas in the 2017 census had a population of 123,403 inhabitants, representing 74.1% of the total population of the region. This figure positions Punta Arenas as the largest city in Chilean Patagonia.
The city in the 2017 census had an immigrant population of 3,443 inhabitants, which represents 2.62% of the total population.[citation required]
The city has ingrained among its population the heritage of European colonizers, who together with Chileans from the Los Lagos regions (mainly Chiloé), populated this area at the beginning of the century XX. Croatian immigration played a fundamental role in the development of the Magallanes region and the city, in particular.
Indigenous
The southern zone of Chile is characterized by being an inhospitable and cold zone. However, this was not an impediment for different cultures to constitute in their territory, a reciprocal symbolism, with different languages and distributed in heterogeneous areas; because this diversity was part of their daily life, their economy and their life.
Among these cultural groups formed in bands we find the Selk'nam or Onas, Yaganes or Yámanas, the Aonikenk or Tehuelches and finally, the Kaweskar or Alacalufes.
All of them, maritime/canoe nomads (Yaganes and Kawésqar) and land nomads (Onas and Tehuelches). Currently, Selknam and Aonikenk are extinct in the Magallanes region (see Selknam genocide), surviving a Kawésqar partiality and another Yagán partiality that make efforts to revitalize their culture. In 2012 there are several groups of indigenous peoples in Magallanes, the most numerous ethnic group being the Mapuche people. They are mainly Huilliches from Chiloé who have emigrated to Magallanes and their descendants.
European immigration, internal immigration and the situation in the 21st century
At the end of the 19th century and beginning of the XX, the Strait of Magellan was of great importance, as it was the only intersection between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The First World War was the main cause of the successive emigration of Europeans to America. Many European immigrants are attracted by job offers and by the new opportunities offered by the new continent. The gold rush of the 1890s was one of the main reasons for the large immigration of Europeans to the Magallanes region. Among the most abundant groups were Croatians, Spanish, English; and to a lesser number Italians, Germans, French, Swiss, among other groups of immigrants. Between April 1876 and May 1877, a contingent of Swiss immigrants made up of 119 families arrived in the Magallanes sector (Punta Arenas and Agua Fresca), the vast majority of them peasants from the canton of Friburgo. These farmers received from the Chilean government some hectares of depopulated land that they proceeded to weed and transform -after years of laborious perseverance- into fields suitable for planting fodder and vegetables and for raising dairy cattle.
The most numerous European immigrants were Croats, mostly from the Dalmatian region. According to immigration census records, in 1914 there were about 2,500 immigrants in the region, which represented 30% of immigrants in Magallanes. Immigration lasted until the mid-1930s, stopping with the start of World War II.
Since its foundation, Chileans have always arrived from the Chiloé archipelago (chilotes), in fact at the beginning of the XX century a third of the population of Punta Arenas (about 4000 people) was born in Chiloé. In the 1950s, a large number of these immigrants arrived en masse in Magallanes. Many of them dedicated themselves to working in the shearing tasks on the ranches; others create businesses in Punta Arenas.
There is now an important Hindu community. This community has its own religious temple. For their part, Peruvians are the largest Latin American community.
History
On November 24, 1851, artillery lieutenant Miguel José Cambiaso Tapia, freed by his guards while he was in custody, set up the garrison in charge of guarding the penal colony. After being promoted to major general, he installed a provisional local government consisting of himself, then attempted to flee to Europe on January 12, 1852. Captured two days later on his ship by the crew who had been shocked by the atrocities he had committed in Punta Arenas, Cambiaso was shot in Valparaíso on April 4, 1852 with seven of his accomplices.
Geography
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Punta Arenas is located on the Brunswick peninsula and is located 1,418.4 km from the coast of the Antarctic continent. The Magallanes region is considered part of Chilean Patagonia. The city has an area of 39.03 km² and its layout corresponds to the classic Spanish checkerboard or "chessboard" design, but moving away from the city center the suburbs acquire more modern layouts. The city center presents an architecture with neoclassical constructions, and the streets are wide and tree-lined. In the suburbs, most of the houses are in the Georgian style. The city is part of an environment of transition between the Magellanic deciduous forest, made up mainly of species of lenga, ñirre and Magellan coigüe, and the Patagonian steppe, made up mainly of coirón, suitable for raising sheep. The vegetation is classified within the range of cold deciduous forest, similar to those found in northern Europe. It is crossed by the river de las Minas. On the northern edge of the city is the Tres Puentes wetland.
Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification, the climate of Punta Arenas is subpolar oceanic (Cfc). This means that it has a moderately cold winter, without going below 0 degrees on average in any month, and a very mild and cool summer; and in addition the precipitations are distributed more or less uniformly throughout the year. Rainfall is relatively low (because it does not reach 400 mm per year). However, because temperatures remain low or mild all year round, the climate does not have a high degree of aridity, so it cannot be considered a semi-arid climate.
Summers are cold, although sometimes there can be waves or warm waves that abnormally raise the temperature to 25 °C.
For most of the year, precipitation falls in the form of short showers with gusty winds. Although the winters are very cold, the precipitation during this season occurs predominantly in the form of sleet, due to the strong maritime influence that causes temperatures to remain slightly above zero degrees. In areas surrounding the city that are further away from the sea, precipitation usually occurs in the form of blizzards or snow blizzards (locally known as nevazones) at very low levels. Frosts are somewhat frequent in winter, however snow is present only a few days a year during winter and especially in inland and higher altitude areas, although it can hail from April to October. The winds are frequent and generally exceed 100 km/h. The minimums within the winter months can drop to -18.7 °C when "polar waves" arrive. The local meteorological station has air thermometry data, at 15dm above the ground, since 1888, without access to the urban "heat patch", classic of other Stations invaded by the urbanization heat island.
 Average climate parameters of Punta Arenas, Chile | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Ene. | Feb. | Mar. | Open up. | May. | Jun. | Jul. | Ago. | Sep. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual |
| Temp. max. abs. (°C) | 25.0 | 30.9 | 26.8 | 22.5 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 12.0 | 14.0 | 19.0 | 23.5 | 24.9 | 27.0 | 28.7 |
| Average temperature (°C) | 15.1 | 15.0 | 12.5 | 9.7 | 6.5 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 5.2 | 7.7 | 10.2 | 12.2 | 13.5 | 9.4 |
| Average temperature (°C) | 10.8 | 10.4 | 8.7 | 6.5 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 4.3 | 6.5 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 6.1 |
| Temp. medium (°C) | 6.8 | 6.6 | 5.2 | 3.4 | 1.2 | −0.9 | −1.1 | −0.1 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 4.7 | 6.0 | 3.0 |
| Temp. min. abs. (°C) | -3.0 | -2.4 | -4.0 | -8.4 | -10.6 | -18.7 | -14.2 | -12.0 | -9.6 | -4.8 | -5.0 | -5.0 | -18.7 |
| Total precipitation (mm) | 41.7 | 31.2 | 38.1 | 40.2 | 41.2 | 27.0 | 29.1 | 29.8 | 26.5 | 27.2 | 30.0 | 33.3 | 395.3 |
| Precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 153 |
| Days of snowfall (≥ 1 mm) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Hours of sun | 232.5 | 178.0 | 164.3 | 117.0 | 93.0 | 66.0 | 83.7 | 120.9 | 156.0 | 213.9 | 228.0 | 232.5 | 1885.8 |
| Relative humidity (%) | 72 | 74 | 77 | 82 | 86 | 87 | 86 | 83 | 79 | 75 | 72 | 72 | 79 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organisation (UN) | |||||||||||||
| Source No. 2:Meoweather AccuWeather | |||||||||||||
Administration
Punta Arenas is administered by the Illustrious Municipality of Punta Arenas, made up of the mayor, Claudio Radonich (RN), and the Municipal Council, made up as follows:
- Chile Come on:
Plate at the entrance of the Municipality of Punta Arenas.- Alicia Stipicic Mackenney (RN)
- Francisco León Ponce (IND-UDI)
- Unit for the Apruebo:
- José Becerra (IND-PPD)
- Veronica Aguilar Martínez (PPD)
- United by Dignity:
- Germán Osvaldo Flores Mora (PDC)
- Front Amplio:
- Jonathan Cárcamo (CS)
- Dignity Now:
- Jorge Risco Navarro (PH)
Economy
In 2018, the number of companies registered in Punta Arenas was 4,482. The Economic Complexity Index (ECI) in the same year was 1.79, while the economic activities with the highest Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index were Defense Activities (145.96), Coal Extraction and Agglomeration, Lignite and Peat (127.56) and Livestock Services, except Veterinary (117.55).
Punta Arenas is strategically located on the navigation route that connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Strait of Magellan; route that separates Patagonia from Tierra del Fuego and is potentially a point of great influence in international trade. Its foundation, in 1848, represented the first act of Chilean sovereignty in a distant and inhospitable territory, but one of great geopolitical and economic value.
The first settlers were Chilean soldiers and officials who, together with their families, were engaged in extracting coal from a nearby river; but, they soon began to deal with providing services to ships that undertook the interoceanic journey, especially between California and Europe. Thus, the increasing traffic of foreign vessels and crews, decided the government to grant Punta Arenas the ranks of minor port and free port, which led to the formation of a pole of commercial development.
These measures favored the arrival in the Magellanic region of numerous European settlers and Chilote day laborers who engaged in new productive activities, such as gold mining and sheep farming, an industry from which great fortunes arose that allowed the city to experience important urban advances.
At the beginning of the second decade of the XX century, trade in Puntarenas began to decline inexorably as a consequence of the opening of the Canal of Panama and the creation of a Chilean customs office in the city. In addition, there was a crisis in the livestock sector derived from the entry into the market of production from the New Zealand plains, as well as the social tensions caused by the concentration of land ownership.
The problems of the Magellanic economy had special relevance for the Chilean State due to the strategic gravitation that the region implied, so that from the end of the 1930s a series of measures were introduced aimed at distributing ownership more equitably territory and to encourage the development of other economic activities. Among the latter, the most important was the exploration of hydrocarbon reserves on the seabed of the strait. The success of the explorations allowed that, from 1950, the first oil wells began to operate managed by the National Petroleum Company (ENAP), giving the country its own energy source that allowed the region to revitalize its economy.
The most important economic activities are port activity, the hydrocarbons industry, and services and commerce, followed by livestock, mostly sheep, fishing, and forestry. Some cruise ships headed to Antarctica depart from Punta Arenas, and most European cruise ships and ocean liners arrive at its port on tourist trips, as well as flights to the Malvinas Islands, Antarctica and the rest of the country depart from its airport., with daily flights to Santiago and Puerto Montt.
In addition, the city has a wide range of services, shops in the historic center, the 18 de Septiembre shopping district, supermarkets, a mall or shopping center (Espacio Urbano Pionero), Zona Franca (Tax-free Shopping Center), hotels, restaurants, museums and a gaming casino, among others.
Transportation and telecommunications
Urban transportation
Punta Arenas concentrates a large automotive park -more than 200,000 vehicles-[citation required] so the fastest and most frequent service is from the buses, that cover the various radii of the city, having routes that pass through strategic points such as the financial zone and downtown area, hospitals and clinics, points of commerce, universities and colleges, as well as home routes.
In 2010, the Movigas system began its operations, with buses running on liquefied natural gas. In 2016, the company Inversiones Australes Spa was awarded the tender process for major transportation in Punta Arenas, beginning its operations on January 5, 2017 as Vía Austral, using Movigas buses and acquiring new buses. It currently has 5 routes and 2 variants. Since October 1, 2020, after a re-tender due to the deficiencies of the former operator Vía Austral, the Punta Arenas Mobility Network began operations, using the colors and characteristics of the Metropolitan Mobility Network. Punta Arenas is the first city in regions to have the new Red Mobility system.
Local and international transportation
The city has regular frequencies of intercity buses throughout the year to Puerto Montt and Castro (via Argentine territory). The companies that connect these territories are Queilen Bus and Turibus Ltda (the latter until 2020). In addition to international services to Río Gallegos (Santa Cruz, Argentina) being the companies Buses El Pingüino (Tramat), Buses Ghisoni, Bus-Sur and Buses Pacheco and local services to Puerto Natales, the latter two including Buses Fernández.
The ZIP code for Punta Arenas is 6200000.
Presidente Carlos Ibáñez del Campo International Airport
Punta Arenas airport called Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, is located 20 km north of downtown Punta Arenas in Chabunco, it is the most important airport in the Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region and one of the most important Chile since it is the country's airport with the largest number of landing strips (3), the fourth in the country in terms of passenger flow, and the connection between continental Chile and the Chilean Antarctic Territory.
The air station is also used by the IV Air Brigade of the FACH. It basically operates with domestic flights and some international connections such as Ushuaia, Río Grande, Río Gallegos, El Calafate, and the Monte Agradable Air Base (Malvinas Islands).
995,000 passengers used the Presidente Carlos Ibáñez del Campo International Airport in 2016.
Education
University of Magallanes
Punta Arenas is the main headquarters of the University of Magallanes, where the Central Campus of the University of Magallanes is located, being one of the most important in Chilean Patagonia.
The University of Magallanes is a public and traditional university in Chile. It was created in 1981, being the successor to the headquarters in Punta Arenas of the State Technical University founded in 1961. It is the only university of the Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region.
It has around 3900 students[citation required] and also It has offices in Puerto Natales, 250 kilometers away, Porvenir and Puerto Williams (research center for the Cabo de Hornos Biosphere Reserve and the training of professionals in the areas of research, conservation and sustainable use of sub-Antarctic natural resources), being one of the most extensive Patagonian universities in the area of research.
It carries out teaching, research and extension through its faculties which are: Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Faculty of Economic and Legal Sciences and on Campus Natales, and researches at the Institute of Patagonia.
Its campuses in Punta Arenas are the following:
- Central Campus of the University of Magellan (Avenida Bulnes #01855).
- Patagonia Institute (Avenida Bulnes #01890).
- Conservatory of Music (Avenida Bulnes #345).
- Centro Asistencial y Docente (CADI) - Centro de Excellence de biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA) (Terrenos annexes a Hospital Clínico Magallanes).
- Centro de Cultivos Marinos Bahía Laredo (Ruta 9 Norte km 24).
- UMAG Experimental Liceum (Angamos #17).
- In bidding: International Antarctic Center (CAI) (Sector Punta Arenosa, ex Chipera)
Professional Institutes
In the city there are headquarters of private institutes such as:
- St. Thomas
- Inacap
- IPLACEX
And regional and national scientific research centers:
- CEQUA - Fundación Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario de Fuego Patagonia y Antártica
- IFOP Punta Arenas- Instituto de Fomento Pesquero
- INIA Kampenaike (National Institute of Agricultural Research)
- INACH (Chilean Antarctic Institute)
- WCS Karukinka (World Life Conservation Society)
Basic and Secondary Education Institutions
- German College
- The British School (British College)
- Charles Darwin College
- Colegio Cruz del Sur
- French College
- Colegio Miguel de Cervantes
- Colegio Liceo Nobelius
- Lutheran College
- Colegio Pierre Faure
- Colegio Punta Arenas
- "Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa" School
- School 18 September
- Arturo Prat Chacón School
- Croatia
- Elba Ojeda Gómez School (Río Seco)
- School Spain
- Hernando School of Magellan
- Juan Williams School
- Manuel Bulnes School
- Escuela Padre Alberto Hurtado
- Patagonia School
- Pedro Pablo Lemaitre School
- Escuela Argentina
- The Miraculous School
- School Portugal
- Escuela Villa Las Nieves
- Greenhill College
- Don Bosco Institute
- Instituto Sagrada Familia
- Instituto Superior de Comercio
- Adventist liceo
- UMAG Experimental Liceo
- Industrial Liceo Armando Quezada Acharán
- Liceo Juan Bautista Contardi
- Liceo Luis Alberto Barrera
- Liceo Maria Auxiliadora
- Liceo Menéndez Behety
- Liceo Salesiano San José
- Liceo Sara Braun
- Liceo Politécnico Cardenal Raúl Silva Henríquez
Culture and tourism
Every year the city council carries out an activity called "Winter Carnival", where floats and murgas are presented, as well as the election of the carnival queen. which generates an interesting commercial and cultural exchange in the city. For 2007, the winter carnival in Punta Arenas has already been established for more than ten years as the most important spectacle in the Chilean southern cone and Chilean Patagonia.
Munoz Gamero Square
The square was declared a Typical Zone in 1991. In the center there is a bronze sculpture that was inaugurated in 1920 and represents the navigator Hernando de Magallanes. It is considered the zero kilometer of the entire Magallanes region.
Sara Braun Palace
This palace was declared a National Monument and its construction dates from between 1894 and 1905. It has been completely restored and you can appreciate furniture and styles of the time. Today it houses the Club de la Unión and the Hotel Nogueira.
Cathedral Church (former church of the Salesians)
The first temple, destroyed in 1892, was built entirely of wood. Nine years later, another one made of brick and dedicated to the Sacred Heart was built, which today is the Cathedral Church of Punta Arenas of the diocese.
Free Zone
The Punta Arenas Free Trade Zone is located in the northern sector of the city, next to the Central Campus of the University of Magallanes. Tax-free imported items are sold. It is divided into a wholesale store area, which covers 53 hectares, and a two-level shopping center. In it there are electrical appliance stores, retail, cinema, bowling, ice skating rink, playground, restaurant, fashion stores, electronics, photography, perfumery, among many others.
Hill of the Cross
Formerly called Cerro De Las Siembras, it takes its name from the cross-shaped monument at the top, which was the first monument in the region. This cross was installed after the murder of a married couple in their house located in the sector in which the son of the victims was able to save himself by hiding under the bed. It is reached by going down Calle Señoret towards Avenida Colón, where it turns left and goes up two blocks of paved road. There it reaches the top of Cerro de la Cruz, from where there is a panoramic view of the city, its colored roofs, the majesty of the Strait of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego behind. Every year Catholic processions are held during Holy Week up to its top and it is recognized worldwide as an iconic place to capture beautiful images of sunrises and sunsets. Punta Arenas is the only regional capital of trans-Andean Chile, which is why the sun rises over the sea and hides over the Cordillera.
Institute of Patagonia
The Institute of Patagonia, a research center belonging to the University of Magallanes. It covers scientific and technological fields. Information can be obtained regarding Patagonian science, culture and techniques. It has a library, a botanical garden, a museum and laboratories.
Municipal Theater of Punta Arenas José Bohr
It is located on Magallanes street, the place that was occupied by the first fort in Punta Arenas, in 1848. The building was donated by José Menéndez.
Middle of Chile Landmark
South of Punta Arenas you can follow the central coastline of the Brunswick peninsula on the quintessential historic route. Discoverers and conquerors, natives, settlers and pioneers once passed through it. It leads to places like Fuerte Bulnes and Puerto del Hambre, loaded with legendary reminiscences.
The Monument located 57 kilometers south of Punta Arenas, on the way to Fort Bulnes. Raised to indicate the midpoint of Chile, including the continental territory and the Chilean Antarctic Territory, that is, the midpoint between the city of Arica (Visviri) and the South Pole.
Museums
- Braun Menéndez Regional Museum
The museum is located in the Braun Menéndez Palace, which is a National Monument. Since February 1983, the "Museo Regional de Magallanes" has been operating here, which has material on the contemporary history of the region.
- Regional Salesian Museum Maggiorino Borgatello
It is located at Avenida Bulnes n.º374, next to the Maria Auxiliadora Sanctuary. It is the most important in the area. It has a complete collection of species from the region and the Ona culture. Samples from Antarctica are also on display. It was created in 1893 by the Salesians and is maintained by voluntary contributions made by the community.
- Naval and Maritime Museum of Punta Arenas
It is located at Pedro Montt No. 981, next to the Military Museum. It keeps a historical sample of the Chilean Armed Forces in the process of colonization of the territory of Magallanes and the Chilean Antarctic.
- Nao Victoria Museum
It is located 7.5 km north of Route Y-565 site 2A; It is possible to access it by means of public transportation to Río Seco. It exhibits a full-scale replica of the first ship to circumnavigate the world: Ferdinand Magellan's Nao Victoria. Since October 1, 2011, a full-scale replica of the "James Caird", used by Ernest Shackleton throughout his unfortunate Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition with the Brigantine Endurance, has been integrated into the museum..
- Museum of Remembrance
The Museum of Remembrance of the Institute of Patagonia of the University of Magallanes, constitutes a sample of heritage buildings that includes old machinery and tools, which are part of an Open Museum, of high convocation and regional identity, with a significant number of foreign visitors, especially in the spring, summer and autumn seasons. It has 8 heritage wooden buildings; 40 ancient vehicles and transport of incalculable historical value, machines; and innumerable tools, mainly associated with the work of livestock and oil.
Garnish
The city is home to the central military commands of the V Division of the Chilean Army, the Third Naval Zone of the Chilean Navy and the IV Air Brigade of the Chilean Air Force, with a base attached to the airport in the sector of chabunco; In addition, Asmar has the southernmost shipyard in the world (and the second largest in the country).
| Rama | Military unit |
|---|---|
 Chilean Army
| Command of the V Army Division
|
 Chilean Navy
| Command of the Third Naval Zone
|
 Chilean Air Force
| Command of the IV Air Brigade
|
Media
Written press
- The Austral Press
- The Penguin
- The Strait Fortin
- Counterported newspaper
Radio stations
- FM
- 88.1 MHz Epicenter
- 88.5 MHz President Ibáñez
- 88.9 MHz Radio Maria
- 89.3 MHz La Sabrosita
- 89.7 MHz Future
- 90.1 MHz Style
- 90.7 MHz Start Radio
- 91.1 MHz Corporación
- 91.5 MHz Heart
- 92.1 MHz FM Two
- 92.7 MHz Concert
- 93.1 MHz New Time
- 93.5 MHz DNA
- 94.1 MHz Sovereignty Radio
- 94.7 MHz The 40s.
- 95.3 MHz Penguin Radio
- 95.9 MHz My Radio 95.9 FM
- 96.5 MHz Polar
- 97.1 MHz Harmony
- 97.3 MHz Milodon FM (Porvenir)
- 97.7 MHz My Radio 97.7 FM
- 98.3 MHz Pudahuel
- 98.7 MHz Agriculture
- 99.1 MHz Digital FM
- 99.9 MHz Urban FM symphony
- 100.3 MHz Patagonia Music
- 100.9 MHz Southern Radio
- 101.5 MHz The Conqueror
- 102.1 MHz FM Okey
- 102.5 MHz 13c Radio
- 103.1 MHz Carnival
- 103.7 MHz Carolina
- 104.3 MHz Cooperative
- 104.7 MHz New World
- 105.1 MHz Bío-Bío
- 105.7 MHz Radioactive
- 106.3 MHz Romantic
- 106.7 MHz Magellan
- 107.1 MHz New Generation
- 107.7 MHz Beautiful.
- AM
- 590 kHz Penguin Radio
- 700 kHz Magellan
- 960 kHz Radio
- 1260 kHz Melody
- 1460 kHz Ona
- 1500 kHz Land of Fire
- Internet radios
- My Radio FM Chile http://www.myradio.cl/
- Symphony Urbana FM Chile http://www.sinfoniaurbana.cl/
Television
- Open
- 2 - Polar TV
- 4 - Penguin TV
- 6 - TVN (with its regional subsidiary TVN Red Austral)
- 7 - Chilevision
- 9 - Channel 13
- 11 - ITV Patagonia
- 13 - Mega
- Digital
- 4.1 - Penguin TV HD
- 4.2 - Penguin Radio
- 6.1 - TVN HD
- 6.2 - NTV.
- 7.1 - Chilevision HD
- 7.2 - UChile TV
- 9.1 - Channel 13 HD
- 9.2 - T13 Live (nextly)
- 11.1 - ITV Patagonia HD
- 13.1 - Mega HD
- 13.2 - Mega 2
- 35.2 - CTV 35
- 38.1 - Polar TV HD
- 38.2 - New beginnings
Cable TV (TV RED)
- 24 - ITV Patagonia
- 26 - TV RED
- 28 - Polar TV
- 30 - Penguin TV
- 33 - UMAG TV
- 34 - Sovereign TV
- 36 - Radio Magellan
- 37 - CTV 35
Natural disasters
Earthquakes
2 large earthquakes have been recorded. The first was the 1893 Punta Arenas earthquake and the second the 1949 Tierra del Fuego earthquake. The first mega earthquake and tsunami drill carried out in the city was on December 2, 2011 by Onemi.
Overflows of the Las Minas river
The Río de las Minas is the main river in the city. It is born in the Magallanes National Reserve and flows into the Magellan Strait, crossing the center of the city from west to east. It has had several overflows, leaving a large part of the city under water in the years 1956, 1974, May 9, 1990, and the largest overflow that has occurred in the city: March 11, 2012, the which caused serious damage. After which a strong investment was made in the historic center of the city with remodeling of Avenida Colon, paving of streets in the Croatian and North Beach neighborhoods and replacement of the main bridges over the river in the city center.
Sports
There are many sports that take place in the city, including soccer, motor racing, motorcycling, basketball, rugby, golf, skiing, cycling, tennis, squash, swimming, among others.
Football
In soccer there are three associations linked to the ANFA, which are the Punta Arenas Soccer Association, the 18 de Septiembre Soccer Association, the Barrio Sur Soccer Association, and an amateur league, the Popular League. These associations and the Popular League have synthetic pitches equipped with artificial lighting. The main soccer venue in the city is the Estadio Municipal Antonio Ríspoli Díaz. Between June and September there is no football due to winter, which in the region manifests itself with rain, wind and snow during this period of the year. A solution is always thought of to be able to develop sports and activities of a massive nature at this time, such as being able to have the Fiscal stadium covered, as is the case with some European venues.
Rugby
Rugby is presented by two clubs:
The first called "Shenu Rugby Club" represented by former students such as the current ones of the British school but is not only made up of the students of that establishment but is also made up of residents of Punta Arenas, these members have a good score at the level international.
The other club is "UMAG Rugby Club" from the University of Magallanes made up of students from the university and students from other educational establishments in the city, including different categories, and with a rugby school, which began operating in the In 2011, this club has the largest rugby field in the Magallanes Region located on the Central Campus of the University of Magallanes, and has a record of all tournaments both locally and at the level of the Santacruceña Rugby Union and of the tournaments of champions of the south of Argentina, of the 2010 season. This sport at the local level is showing great interest among young people from the age of 8 onwards and a great development at an international and professional level.
Motor Racing
Motor racing is a sport that moves many fans with various branches "nuts" such as Rally, Road Tourism, Buggy Cross and Quarter Mile. Among the facilities available are the Cabo Negro Autodrome and the Punta Arenas buggy track.
Motorcycling
Motorcycling is represented in motocross with a large number of fans, with a "motodromo" in the so-called "Circuito Ricardo Navarro", located in the Industrial neighborhood of Punta Arenas.
Basketball
Among one of its most relevant activities is the Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Maxibasketball Regional Sports Association, made up of nine regional clubs with legal status Club Deportivo Rama Básquetbol Senior Español, Club Deportivo Liceo de Punta Arenas, Club Deportivo Natales, Club Deportivo Sokol Senior, Club Deportivo Transportes Cono Sur, Club Deportivo San Miguel de Punta Arenas, Club Deportivo Prat, Club Deportivo UMAG, Club Deportivo Vickery in addition to the Club Deportivo Aviación that acts as an invited team without the right to vote.
They have two categories: Over 35 years with 10 teams and Over 45 years with 8 teams, they hold a competition that normally starts in March without interruption every weekend until October, managing to be televised through a contract with TVRed the most attractive match of the weekend for the regional community.
One of the novelties presented for 2011 will be the conformation of the Over 53 category, which will be defined in March 2011 when they resume their normal weekly meetings, together with the electoral act since on that date the board of directors ends fulfill their mandate and must see their renewal.
Others
Another outstanding sports discipline is Go, an ancient game of Chinese origin, since 2008 recognized as an Olympic Sport of the Mind. Practiced in Punta Arenas since 2006, outstanding players have developed both nationally and internationally: - Sebastián Montiel in Beijing 2008, - José Fernández in Korea 2009, - Leslie Pérez in Canton, China 2012, - Sebastián Montiel in Gwanju, Korea South 2012
Finally, squash has had an appointment in the Austral city, organizing a National Squash Date for a couple of years, with players from all over the country, prominent guests from Peru.
Featured Characters
Sister cities
Río Gallegos, Argentina [chuckles]required]- Rio Grande, Argentina [chuckles]required]
- Ushuaia, Argentina
Split, Croatia [chuckles]required]
Bellingham, United States [chuckles]required]- Puerto Deseado, Argentina
Appointments
Predecessor: San Miguel de Allende | .svg) American Capital of Culture 2020 | Successor: Zacatecas (Zacatecas) |
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