Pudahuel

Pudahuel (from Mapudungun: Pu dawüll 'puddles; in the puddle') It is a commune located in the northwestern sector of the city of Santiago, capital of Chile. It was founded in 1897 and until 1975 it was called Barrancas. It limits with the commune of Lampa to the north, Quilicura, Renca, Cerro Navia, Lo Prado and Estación Central to the east, Maipú to the south and Curacaví to the west.

Toponymy

According to linguists, Pudahuel is a Mapudungun word, which can come from pu = pluralizer, or else "in the interior of", and dawüll = puddle or lagoon formed after it rained. Thus, the Decree Law that gives it its name translates it as "in the lagoon", while the Geographical Dictionary of the Republic of Chile says:

Pudáuel.-Fundo del departamento de Santiago located 13 kilometers to the O. of its capital city and in the confluence of the Mapocho River with the stream of Lampa. Upon entering the river, it makes a stagnation or rebalsa that formed a small lagoon and pozancos, before more remarkable, those that were designated with the indigenous name of pu-dauyll which means the lagoons, and of which the title is alteration.

Geographical Dictionary of the Republic of Chile (1899) by Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga and Cienfuegos.

History

Pudahuel in the foreground, and the rest of Santiago towards the center and east.

The commune was founded on February 25, 1897 with the name of Las Barrancas by Supreme Decree of President Federico Errázuriz Echaurren. It arose from formal requests from the residents of the 13th Pudahuel Subdelegation of the Maipú commune, and from the residents of the 14th rural Mapocho Subdelegation of the Renca commune, motivated by the distance of the municipal services from their respective communes.

Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga y Cienfuegos wrote in 1899 in his Geographical Dictionary of the Republic of Chile about the place:

Hit it.-—Fundo from the department of Santiago located 13 kilometers to the O. of its capital city and in the confluence of the Mapocho River with the stream of Lampa. Upon entering the river, it makes a stagnation or rebalsa that formed a small lagoon and pozancos, before more remarkable, those that were designated with the indigenous name of pu-dauyll which means the lagoons, and of which the title is alteration.

Barrancas appears as a 'Village':

Barrancas (Las).-—Aldea of the department of Santiago, located eight or nine kilometers to the O. of its capital and by the immediacy of the paras. It contains a church, which is that of the parish of St.Louis Beltrán instituted on January 13, 1868, civil law office and few inhabitants. Leave next to the S. Mirror's farm.

Initially, its population reached 5,658 inhabitants. Its first mayor was Mr. José Besa, who served between 1897 and 1902 with an annual budget of 20,000 pesos, used largely to combat highway robbers.

The Chilean geographer Luis Risopatrón described Pudahuel as a 'lugarejo' in his book Diccionario Jeográfico de Chile in 1924:

Pudahuel (Lugarejo). 33° 26' 70° 50' It is de recreo i is located in the confluence of the Mapocho i Lampa rivers, where a lagoon is formed, which can be traveled in boats in a large stension i where excellent trouts and bagres are fished. 63, p. 243; 66, p. 44; 68, p. 180; i 156; 62, II. p. 131; i village in 101, p. 424; Pudagüel in 61, 1850. p. 455; Pudaguell in 3, IV, p. 303 (Alcedo, 1788): Pudaguell found in 155. p. 578; i Lake Padaguél in 3, iv, p. 12 (Alcedo, 1788).

For its part, Barrancas appears as 'Villa':

Barrancas (Villa Las) 33° 26' 70° 48'. It is located at 481 m of altitude, 10 km to the W of the Yungai station, of the city of Santiago, with which it is joined by a 75 cm trocha railroad. 68, p. 38; i 104, p. 28 i profile; i village in 101, p. 423; i 155, p. 68.

Las Barrancas had two towns: El Resbalón and Las Barrancas. The latter became the head of the commune with the Civil Registry, church and public school. In 1952, 9,328 inhabitants registered, which increased to 50,959 in 1970. Migrations from the countryside and workers from the provinces give it a markedly popular character.

On October 13, 1975, Decree Law No. 1,208 was published, where the name of Barrancas was changed to Pudahuel. This supreme decree of law in question states the following:

"Santiago, October 13, 1975.- The H. Board of Government of the Republic of Chile has agreed today:

No. 1.208.- Considering:
That in the commune of Las Barrancas is located the airport of Pudahuel;
That as a result of the importance acquired by the airport, its name, the Araucanian word meaning "in the lagoon", is widely known throughout the world;
That the national and international projection of Pudahuel Airport, its importance, the knowledge and dissemination of its name, advise to extend its current denomination to the commune in which it is located, and
That the change of denomination coincides with the desire of the Government to pay tribute to the Araucanian race by interpreting the feeling of the entire homeland, and
Views: The provisions of Decrees No. 1 and 128 of 1973 and 527 of 1974,
The Government Board of the Republic of Chile has agreed to issue the following
Decree-Law:

Unique article.- Change the name of the commune of Las Barrancas, of the department of Santiago, by the commune of Pudahuel. "

Subsequently, the demographic explosion around 1980 added more than 300,000 inhabitants, which prompted its administrative division to give it better governance. Thus, in 1981 a portion of the northeastern sector of the commune was divided, giving rise to the communes of Cerro Navia and Lo Prado.

Demographics

The 2002 census indicates that the population of the commune at that time was 195,653 inhabitants, of which 5,422 inhabited rural areas. The update made by the Works Department (May 2011) estimates a total of 61,223 will determine these figures with greater precision and will serve as a basic input for the National Population and Housing Census of April 2012. The New Census 2017 declares that the population is 230,292 inhabitants, which means an increase of 34,640 inhabitants in the commune from 2002 to date, that is, in 15 years it increased approximately 18% compared to the total of 2002.

Geography

The Novitiate.

The most characteristic resources and natural places of the commune of Pudahuel are:

• The mountains of the Costa Cordillera, with its scenic and climate control potential.
• El Noviciado Valley, the main center of modern agricultural activity and with strong natural attractions for sustainable tourism.
• River Network: Mapocho River, Estero Lampa, Estero Carén and Estero Las Cruces.
• Laguna Carén Park, which will host important scientific and cultural activities as well as extensive real green areas that will favor the decontamination of the city.
• Extensive volcanic ash hills and mining resources.
• Irregular agricultural quality and abundant groundwater.

Air temperatures in the box, between 1880 and 2008, NASA.

Climate

It has a Mediterranean climate with a long dry season, since the rainy season lasts only from May to September, the rest of the year presents very light rainfall. As for the temperatures in the summer, the maximum is usually 30 °C and the minimum is approximately 13 °C, in winter the maximum is 13 degrees and the minimum is 2 °C. Temperatures in this commune vary between two degrees less in the morning and one degree more in the afternoon compared to Santiago, since a Heat Island is formed further to the center. At the airport, 261.6 mm fall annually, which is less than at the Quinta Normal weather station due to the effect known as leeward produced by the surrounding hills to the west —such as Cerro Bustamante, 1,600 m high and visible from all of Santiago— which prevents the wind arrives directly and also because the humidity of the clouds weakens and the mass arrives drier when descending from the hills, while in the sector of "Ciudad de los Valles" at 180 m, 320.4 mm fall because it is higher on the slope of the Lo Aguirre hill, and in the Pudahuel Sur sector, 308.7 mm fall because it is more to the southeast of the airport, where this effect is less. Along with Maipú, this commune is characterized by being the first stop for the arrival of the Coastal Valley, pronouncing it with morning mists in autumn, winter and spring; in summer they are occasional, and according to the Chilean Meteorological Directorate, the last time it snowed was in 2017.

Buildings

They are those that are inserted in the area of the territory, they also have, for the most part, an incidence on a metropolitan scale; they are:

• Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport, Santiago's main airport.
  

  External view of Santiago Airport.
• Route 68: which connects to the city of Santiago with the coastal conurbation of Valparaíso, main seaport, headquarters of the Legislative Power and main tourist center of the country and which establishes the main axis of east-west connection of the country.
• Axis of Metropolitan Circunvalation Ava. Américo Vespucio who crosses the commune at approximately 6.7 km.
• Axis Costanera Norte, nascent road infrastructure that will guarantee new access to the city, downloading to Route 68 - Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins.
• Lo Aguirre Nuclear Studies Centre, one of the two existing in the country.
• General Directorate of Civil Aviation.
• Permetral industrial zones that see in Pudahuel a commune of opportunities for their status as a unique airport commune in metropolitan territory.
• Real estate projects (lived or industrial) attracted by the special location of the commune. Among those worth highlighting Lomas de Lo Aguirre, Ene, Ciudad de Los Valles, the future Technological Science Park of the University of Chile.

Transportation

Its main artery is Avenida San Pablo in the northern sector, while in the south it is Avenida Laguna Sur, where several of the services of the Metropolitan Mobility Network circulate daily.

Pudahuel Station of the Santiago Metro.

Network Services

The following routes belonging to business units 3, 4 and 5 of the Metropolitan Mobility Network

Subway

In the commune there are three Santiago Metro stations, all located on Avenida Teniente Cruz:

• : Pudahuel • Barrancas • Laguna Sur.

Airport

The commune is home to Chile's main airport, the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport, one of the most modern in Latin America. It has a hotel, parking lots and VIP lounges.

Security

The Chilean Police and Security Forces are made up of the Chilean Carabineros and the Chilean Investigative Police or PDI. The territorial Police Unit of the PDI in the commune is the Pudahuel or Karim Pudahuel Criminal Investigation Brigade, whose main function is to investigate crimes of a different nature at the local level entrusted by the Courts of Justice and the Public Ministry, as well as to receive complaints, among other tasks. This Police Unit, like its peers, has internal groups, one of them dedicated to the investigation of drug trafficking in small quantities, called the Zero or Motor Microtrafficking Group, in addition to having a Criminal Analysis Office.

Pudahuel depends on the Quinta Normal Fire Department for fire and emergency control, with 2 companies in the commune:

• Sixth Company "Bomba Pudahuel"
• Eighth Company «Bomba Pudahuel Sur»

Economy

In 2018, the number of companies registered in Pudahuel was 4,104. The Economic Complexity Index (ECI) in the same year was 1.3, while the economic activities with the highest Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index were Manufacture of Natural, Artificial Leather and Plastic Clothing (42.75), Manufacture of Industrial Process Control Equipment (40.88) and Repair of Machinery for the Manufacture of Food, Beverages and Tobacco (35.91).

Administration

Municipality

The Illustrious Municipality of Pudahuel is directed in the period 2021-2024 by the mayor Ítalo Bravo Lizana (PI), who is advised by the councilors:

• Cinthya Muñoz Escanilla (PI)
• Sandy Muñoz Poblete (PI)
• Javiera Soto Fuentes (Ind./PH)
• Esteban Sepúlveda Reyes (Ind.)
• Carolina Seguel Hidalgo (PCCh)
• José Escobar Rodríguez (RD)
• Aldea Magaña Leiva (PS)
• Cristian Véliz Solís (Ind./PPD)
• Patricio Cisternas Monreal (DEM)
• Gisela Vila Ruz (UDI)

Parliamentary representation

After the modification to the district configuration in accordance with Law 20,840, Pudahuel integrates electoral district no. 8 together with the communes of Colina, Lampa, Quilicura, Maipú, Til Til, Cerrillos and Estación Central. On the other hand, the commune belongs to the VII Senatorial Circumscription that represents the entire Metropolitan Region of Santiago. According to the results of the 2021 Chilean parliamentary elections, Pudahuel is represented in the Chamber of Deputies of the National Congress by the following deputies:

I approve of Dignity (2)

• Carmen Hertz Cádiz (PCCh)
• Claudia Mix Jiménez (COM)

Chile Come on (2)

• Joaquín Lavín León (UDI)
• Cristián Labbé Martínez (UDI)

Out of coalition:

• Alberto Undurraga Vicuña (DC)
• Agustín Romero Leiva (PLR)

• Viviana Delgado Riquelme (PEV)

• Ruben Oyarzo Figueroa (PDG)

In turn, the Senate is represented by Fabiola Campillai Rojas (Ind), Claudia Pascual (PCCh), Luciano Cruz Coke (EVOP), Manuel José Ossandon (RN) and Rojo Edwards (PLR) in the period 2022-2030.

Twinning

• Rubí, Spain