Province of Mariscal Luzuriaga

Capital of the province of Mariscal Luzuriaga.

Cordilerra de los Andes, view from Piscobamba, Mariscal Luzuriaga.

Joint National College "Mariscal Luzuriaga"

The province of Mariscal Luzuriaga is one of the twenty that make up the department of Áncash in Peru. It borders to the north with the province of Pomabamba, to the east with the department of Huánuco, to the south with the province of Carlos Fermín Fitzcarrald and to the west with the province of Yungay. It has an area of 730.58 km². Its capital is the city of Piscobamba located at an altitude of 2,950 m above sea level and known as the "Bride of the Andes".

Toponymy

In the memorials presented, one by the residents of Lima, Callao and spas and another from Piscobamba, to the Military Government Junta, in 1949, the name Province of Piscobamba was given. In 1950, the centenary of the death of the Argentine hero, José de San Martín, it was agreed to call it "Province of Generalísimo San Martín". This proposal was redundant, since the department of San Martín and the province with the same nomenclature already existed. Therefore, in the Senate, in November 1955, at the proposal of Rómulo Jordán Cánepa, senator for Ica, the name of Mariscal Toribio de Luzuriaga, distinguished hero of the South American Independence who was born in Huaraz, arose.

The marshal of Peru and Argentine general, Toribio de Luzuriaga was born in Huaraz in 1782 and died in Pergamino, Argentina, in 1842. He distinguished himself by the campaign in Peru, under the orders of San Martín. In 1821, he assumed the presidency of the Department of Huaylas, the capital Huaraz.

History

Piscobamba has a long history, already appearing in the writings of Miguel Estete, Pedro Cieza de León, Inca Garcilaso de la Vega; and in 1594 the 8th Synod was held, presided over by Archbishop Toribio de Mogrovejo who visited it twice. The town of Piscobamba was founded, as a native settlement, by the Spanish captain Alonso Santoyo de Valverde, as mentioned by Father Gridilla in his work: Ancash and its corregimientos .

Piscobamba was the capital of the corregimiento of Conchucos until the creation of the municipalities. This name of Conchucos was kept to codify the massacre - consequently the genocide - carried out by Francisco de Chaves, who killed more than 600 children and elderly people of the Conchucos ethnic group. In the Republican era it was relegated to the status of district. However, the province of Mariscal Luzuriaga was created, whose capital it has held since 1956, on the basis of the old district of Piscobamba (from 1825), which at that time still included the territories of the current districts of Parobamba and Quinuabamba, which in 2011 belong to to the province of Pomabamba.

Pre-Columbian period and Hispanic presence

Around 1200 AD. C. the nation or ethnic group of the piscopampas (pishqupanpa) developed in this territory, made up of the current provinces of Pomabamba and Mariscal Luzuriaga who joined with the conchucos, huaris, sihuas and pincos to resist the Inca hosts led by Cápac Yupanqui and Tupac Inca Yupanqui. Battles raged on various sides for 10 months, finally falling in 1465.

During the Conquest of Peru, when Francisco Pizarro took the Inca Atahualpa hostage in Cajamarca, he ordered a garrison commanded by Hernando Pizarro to explore the southern territories, this group managed to sack Pachacámac and then head to Jauja with 27 loads of gold and 2 thousand marks of silver; where they apprehend the Inca general Calcuchimac, after this, on Friday March 21, 1533, they decide to return to Cajamarca making the trip route through Tarma and Huánuco Viejo until March 29; from this point, the entire eastern sierra of Áncash from Pincos to Huari, Piscobamba, Sihuas, Conchucos and Andamarca until April 7, from where they continue towards Cajamarca, arriving on April 14 of that year, 1533.

• 1566. First Catholic mission in the village of Piscobamba, is made up by Fray Antonio de Baeza and as vicar, his colleague Fray Miguel de Carmona.

• 1574. At the disposition of Toledo, the village of Piscobamba arises, with a hyspanic criterion of blocks and as a reduction of natural. This foundation runs Alonso de Santoyo.

• 1594. November 24th: 8th Diocesan Synod. Organize and preside Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo. Vicar of Piscobamba: Mateo Morales; Chopper of Conchucos Joan de Barbarán. There are no records of the attendees.

• 1739. On June 5 in Piscobamba, the capital of the province (=corregimiento) of Conchucos, was carried out the remessure, delimitation and garnishment of the lands; led the horse captain Felipe Gonsales de Cossío, judge of the lands.

• 1780. Uprising in Chacas and Piscobamba, against abusive taxes. The rise that Colonel Fontegra owes.

• 1784. Implantation of the mayoral regime. The villages of Alto Marañón (oriente ancashino) are members of the mayor of Tarma, which includes the matches of Cajatambo, Conchucos, Huamalí, Huánuco, Huaylas, Jauja and Tarma.

They are considered as doctrines of this party: Chavín, San Marcos, Uco, Llamallín, Huari del Rey, San Luis, Chacas, Piscobamba, Pomabamba, Sihuas, Corongo, Llapo, Tauca, Cabana and Pallasca.

• 1812, 13 March. Proclamation of the Constitution of Cadiz by sub-delegate José Fernández Patiño in Piscobamba.

Independent Period

• 1821. In March, from the city of Huarás, Toribio de Luzuriaga confirms the division of the party of Conchucos in two: “The High Name of Huari”, composed of the doctrines of: Chavín, San Marcos, Huari, Llamallín, Chacas, San Luis, Uco; and Conchucos Bajo by: Pomabamba, Corongo, Llapo, Tauca, Cabana, Pallasca, Concosmba
• December 15, Jura de la Independencia in Piscobamba, an act promoted by the mayor governor Dionisio Vizcarra.
• 1825. September 13th. It is legally and on time that the province of Conchucos has as its capital Piscobamba, in the department of Junín. That was the new name of the department of Huánuco and on that date included the provinces of Huaylas(Cap. Huarás), Conchucos(Cap. Piscobamba), Huari(Cap. Huari), Huamalí (Llata), Huánuco(Cap. de dpto y prov. Huánuco), Cajatambo(Cap. Cajatambo), Pasco (Cap. Tarma), Jauja (Cap. Jauja). All of this, at the disposal of Bolivar.
• 1826. On 6 September, in Piscobamba, the capital of the province of Conchucos, the certificate of accession to the Constitution of Bolivar is signed
• 1836: He was elected as a deputy to the Congress of the Norperian State, the piscobambino, Simeón Rodríguez Egúsquiza.
• 1838. Eclipse of the political star of Francisco Borja Rodríguez.
• 1839. January 18th. Piscobamba and Sihuas troop displacement towards Yungay, in support of the Bolivian Peruvian Confederation. They were late, they had already won the Peruvian Chilean expedition with the participation of the Creoles: Castile, Gamarra, Vidal, etc.
• 1850. September 22, birth of Fidel Olivas in Llama.
• 1856: December 29, creation of the Municipality of Piscobamba, composed of 10 councillors.
• 1861. February 21. Disappearance of the province of Conchucos; which originates the creation of the Pallasca and Pomabamba and the political devaluation of Sihuas.
• 1868. August 28th. Political creation of the district of Parobamba, at the expense of the territory of Piscobamba.
• 1879-1883. Involvement in the so-called Pacific War, or the Salitre War, in which Chile, with support and intrigue of England, humiliated and robbed Peru and Bolivia: enormous salitrero departments, and currently quotariferous. From Piscobamba, Yurma, Llumpa, Acobamba, Pomabamba was provided with blood. They fought in the battles of Miraflores and San Juan de Miraflores: Joaquín Llanos and Melchor Valverde Quiroz.
• 1889. On October 28, the Llumpa district was created by Andrés Avelino Cáceres.
• 1895. March 17th. Scaramuza in which the cunning of the Rayán Pistola He made the Piérola bullies flee. Magnificent direction of the cacerist Pushtu Durand.Previously, the meeting was held of "Achcay", understanding of the area of Llumpa, between cacerists and pierolists.

XX CENTURY

• 1905. Establishment of the district of Llama, by Law 139 of 22 November.
• 1918. Creation of the 2nd School. Grade of Varones 304 of Piscobamba. The first promotion included: Teodolfo Valverde, Roberto Asencios, Demetrio Pastor, Alberto Sifuentes, Lizardo Egúsquiza, Alfonso Roca Ayala, Víctor Rodríguez Blanco among others. As teachers we quote: Diómedes Llanos, Raúl Llanos, Raúl Rodríguez, Miguel Jiménez Esparza, César Egúsquiza Manuel Paredes, Alejandro Sorados, Julio Villanueva Delgado, Humberto Ponte Olivas Elena Rodríguez, Oscar Sotomayor, Pedro Egúquiza, Arturo Arce, Hernán Murga, Teodoro Girón and others.

• 1929. The “Andean Review” led by Prospero Salas appears. He demands the provincial claim of Piscobamba, in the second issue he collaborates Alejandro Rodríguez.
• 1937. Pastoral Visit of Monsignor Juan Domingo Vargas. 7 June a total eclipse occurs at 3 p.m., followed by a tremor; events that touched the population.
• 1944. Establishment of the Casca district, pursuant to Law 9986 of 17 October.
• 1946. 10 November, Mercalli's 10th grade sism in the north-transcordilleran trapeze. Destroyed: Sihuas, Quiches, Plugs and Pampas. Effects on Pomabamba and Piscobamba.
• 1947. In November the position of the Guardia Civil was established, as a result of the rioting of peasants in 1944.
• 1950. 1.♪ issue of "Reivindication", directed Felipe E. Domínguez. Pastoral visit of the bishop of huarás, Jacinto Valdivia.
• 1951. In September, the popular assembly decided to manage province, with the name of Generalísimo San Martín, capital Piscobamba.
• 1956.12 January: creation of the province of Mariscal Luzuriaga by Law 12541. Gestores: Prospero Salas, Marcelino Ocaña, Daniel Huerta and Felipe E. Domínguez. Author of the bill: the deputy Moses Álvarez Amarillo. The name was proposed by the senator, Rómulo Jordan Cánepa. In the proceedings the deputies Fermín Carrión Matos and Juan Parra del Riego took care.

Managers

The birth of the province starts from his son's initiative, just prosperous Salas, considered the main manager; He did not go guard until he reached the goal. In Lima he had the collaboration of Daniel Huerta and the decisive performance of Marcelino Ocaña. In Piscobamba, Felipe E. Domínguez, who directed the spokesman " claim ", which rejected attacks by a group of pomabambinos; as mayor helped in the procedures. In the case of seeing the magazine "Piscobamba" (1965) and the interview in "Caratas" (March 17, 1964) to Ocaña. In addition, the people of Piscobamba and their children residing in Lima were mobilized. In Huaraz, the monthly newspaper called "claim" was printed, for obvious purposes, as Piscobamba was the capital of the province of Conchucos, from 1825 to 1838; When the department of Junín emerged, September 13, 1825, changing its name to the Department of Huánuco and specifying the provincial capitals, where the Bolivarian Constitution would vote, including Piscobamba.

PROVINCIAL STAGE

• 1960, on 3 May, the Lucma district was established by Law 13424. On the 5th of this month, the district of Fidel Olivas Escudero was founded, by Law 13426.
• 1961, on 8 February, the Joint National School of Piscobamba was established by Law 13625. And the Socosbamba Agricultural Institute, established by Law 13645.
• 1962. November, start of the operation of the power supply in Piscobamba. By Law 14075 of May 12, the district of Musga is created.
• 1963. The Mariscal Luzuriaga Sports Club acquires land in Manzanapampa, where the Provincial Stadium and the surrounding area has been built, the Higher Technological Institute works.
• 1967, September 17. Inauguration of the road Chimbote - Pasacancha -Pomabamba - Piscobamba, by President Fernando Belaúnde; provincial mayor, Máximo Neyra.
• 1970, May 3rd. Earthquake of Áncash. Construction of the Civic Center, in the fields of the Cabildo, and of the Health Center in Andaymayo and the Educational Complex in Romero Pampa.
• 1972. The Community Education Nucleus 03/83 is created based in Piscobamba, director Hernán Murga. Today it's called UGEL.
• 1974. Construction of the San Luis Road - Llumpa- Piscobamba, the same one that was inaugurated in the village of Llumpa.
• 1983. The district of Yauya passes from the province of Mariscal Luzuriaga to San Luis.
• 1984. Television operation with a broadcaster in Pomabamba.
• 1985. Creation of the Higher Technological Institute of Piscobamba. June 28th. Consecration of the Piscobamba Temple by Bishop Dante Frasnelli Tarter, led the construction of the current Mons. Ivo Baldi.
• On 13 December, the district of Eleazar Guzmán Barrón was established, with its capital Pampachacra by law 24398.
• 1987. The road Llanganuco-Yanama-Llumpa is finished, a tourist route in the heart of Huascarán Park.
• 1994, 17 December: Celebration of the 4th Centenary of the 8th Diocesan Synod; Cardinal Augusto Vargas, among other prelates, participates. The book “Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo” was published. This year the Viscacha-Musga- Llama road was enabled.
• 2004. In September, the Llama-Pampachacra road opened.
• 2006. Thursday, January 12. The Luzuriaguinos, especially the Piscobambinos, celebrate, in Lima, the 50 years of the creation of the province. And in Piscobamba, the Municipality, the districts and the people commemorate the same ephemeris, in late June with the presence of mayors from other provinces.
• On 2 June, the pilgrimage to the hill of Tocana began to celebrate Mr.
• 2008. Opening of the Piscobamba-Sanachgán road. In 2009, it would also reach Parco.
• March and hunger strike of the less populated inhabitants of Vilcabamba, towards Piscobamba. they demanded electrification.
• 2010. In September, the opening of the church of St. Nicholas of Tolentino, in Pampachacra, by the bishop of Huari, Ivo Baldi.

Historical facts of transcendence

• Cir. 1465 the autonomous nations of the conchucos, the huaras and the piscopampas are overcome by the Cusqueños, they integrate them into their domain
• Arrival of Hernando Pizarro on April 5, 1533
• Foundation of the natural settlement in 1574 by Alonso de Santoyo de Valverde.
• 8.o. Synod Diocesan, chaired by Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo in Piscobamba, November 1594
• Jura de la Independencia in 1821
• Creation of the province of Conchucos el Bajo, in March 1821, by Toribio de Luzuriaga, from Huarás.
• Accession and approval of the Bolivar Constitution on 6 September 1826
• Displacement of a contingent of support to the Bolivian Peruvian Confederation on the eve of the battle of Yungay.
• Creation of the City Council in January 1857.
• Scaramuza of the "Rayán pistol" against the pierolists in April 1895
• Creation of the Province of Mariscal Luzuriaga on 12 January 1956
• Creation of the National College of Piscobamba with the name of the eponymous of the Province in 1961.
• Opening of the road on 17 September 1967
• Agrarian Reform Act on 24 June 1969
• Sismo of May 31, 1970, which destroyed much of Ancash
• Creation of the Higher Institute in 1985.
• 4.o. Centenary of the 8th. Piscobamba Synod in November 1994
• Celebration of 50 years of province in 2006.

Geography

Relief

The province of Luzuriaga is part of the Huascarán National Park on the janka floor of the districts of Llumpa and Lucma, with the snow-capped peaks of Taulliraju, Chacraraju and Pirámide de Garcilaso located in the first district, while Lucma corresponds to the peaks of Yanagaga, Tuctubamba and Pucarraju —"Yanaqaqa", "Tuktupanpa", "Puka-rahu", in Quechua.

Cerro Tocana is located on the border of Piscobamba and Fidel Olivas Escudero. The emblematic hill of Huáncash, which appears with its legend of the treasure of Atahualpa, in the Encyclopedia Britannica. The hill of Chonta jirca, where, every May 3, the festival of the Cross is celebrated. In Llumpa there is a hill where a waterfall, called Ishpaq, descends, to which tradition attributes Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo as a miracle. Close to Parco is the Intu hill, from which you can see: the Cordillera Blanca, the Cordillera Azul in Huánuco and the mountain ranges of La Libertad. In many of the hills there are archaeological remains, which until now have not been studied.

The largest plain is that of Vacas, in the district of Casca. Also between the districts of Fidel Olivas and Guzmán Barrón is Cuchicancha. 3 km up from Piscobamba, in the NNE direction, is the Tsintsanku pampa, where it was once intended to build an airfield. There is no appropriate plain for the construction of an airport.

Hydrography

• Rio Pacosbamba 5 km from Piscobamba, west.
• Vilcabamba River, a tributary of the former, axis of the Casca district.
• Río Yanamayo, from the union of the river Llacma with Pacosbamba. Avena above the Marañón at the height of Torrejirca, 4 km west of Pumpa. Divisorio with the province of Fitzcarrald.

The Huecrococha lagoon (wiqruqucha), in the area of Lucma and close to the community of Quishuar, on the eastern flank of the Cordillera Blanca. In the subcordillera, where the Camino del Inka runs, we have the Canchiscocha, Yanacocha lagoons, in the Fidel Olivas district; Big and small Tutapaj, Qinual in the district of Piscobamba; Shiprecocha, Jaruaqara, Yawarcocha, Pusaq and Awaj in the Casca district.

Administrative division

Map of Mariscal Luzuriaga Province in Ancash.

This province is divided into eight districts.

1. Piscobamba
2. Casca
3. Eleazar Guzmán Barrón
4. Fidel OIivas Escudero
5. Call
6. Llumpa
7. Musga
8. Lucma

DEMOGRAPHY

According to the 2007 Census of INEI, the population of the province is 23 292 inhabitants, which compared to the population of 2005, of 23 482, throws a decrease of 190 settlers. According to the 2007 data, women are 11 416 and the urban population is 2,871 inhabitants.

SOCIAL PROJECTION

The population under 15 is 8,538 minors, representing 36.66% of the total population. They need the support of the State, through the 3 levels of government and the community and family and family, for: nutrition, health and education. Not under 65 are 1 906 people; If they access the 65 pension at the rate of 200 nuevos soles, 4,574 400 are needed, at least four and a half million soles a year.

Epitches and emblems

As emblematic elements of the capital city is the eucalyptus that was planted around 1874, by Juan Rodríguez, in the center of the main square; the parent church rebuilt by Father Ivo Baldi and inaugurated in 1984; The hill of Huáncash, where an old military watchtower was located; Chontajirca, redoubt from the May Cross. In addition, the extensive landscape linked to the view of the white mountain range in an extension of 200 km, from south to north.

Authorities

• Regional adviser
  • 2019 - 2022: Zenón Fulgencio Ayala López (Regional Independent Movement Río Santa Caudaloso)

Municipals

• 2019 - 2022
  • Mayor: Roger Asencio Roca of the Democratic Party We are Peru.
  • Regivers:
  1. Melchor Alvino Cueva Chávez (Democratic Party We Are Peru)
  2. Valentin Victor Dionicio Miranda (Democratic Party We Are Peru)
  3. Jacinto Pablo Miranda Estrada (Democratic Party We Are Peru)
  4. Santa Eudocia Llallihuaman Charqui (Democratic Party We Are Peru)
  5. Nilo Edvin Domínguez Calixto (Regional Santa Caudaloso Independent Movement)