Police by country

In many countries, particularly those with a federal system of government, there are various police organizations, with different levels and jurisdictions. This article shows the different police forces by country:

Germany

Baja Saxony police car with new distinctive colors.

A patrol car from the German Sarre police.

Germany is a federal republic divided into sixteen federal states. Each of them has its own police force (Polizei in German); administered by a minister (or, in Bremen, Hamburg and Berlin, a senator) for internal state affairs.

Although the uniform and color of the vehicles is similar throughout Germany, the police forces have a slightly different structure in each state. For example, the Kriminalpolizei (investigative division, also called Kripo) is part of the regular police force in some states and a separate organization in others.

In addition, the Federal Government has a Federal Police, formerly called the Bundesgrenzschutz (Federal Border Protection), renamed in 2005 as the Bundespolizei (Federal Police) and a State Police, the Landespolizei.

The German Federal Railway also has its own police force, the Bahnpolizei, which fulfills a role similar to that of the British Transport Police. When the railways were privatized in the 1990s, the Bahnpolizei was integrated into the federal police. Since then the executive branch of Germany by means of a law only allows police forces under government control. Therefore, private police forces are not allowed in this country.

Because of an idea to use the same color of uniforms and vehicles throughout the European Union, the German police recently made a small change in the color, from green to blue. Hamburg was the first federal state to make this transition. Before German Reunification on October 3, 1990, the German Democratic Republic had the Volkspolizei.

Andorra

Andorra Police Corps patrol vehicle.

Andorra has only one body, the Andorra Police Force (in Catalan: Cos de Policia d’Andorra), which is its national police force. It depends on the Ministry of Social Affairs, Justice and the Interior and has 237 agents who serve a population of approximately 80,000 inhabitants. It was created in 1932 by the delegates under the name of "Order Service" and modified in 1993 with the entry into force of the new Constitution. It has jurisdiction throughout the national territory.

It usually collaborates with other foreign police forces such as the French National Gendarmerie or the Mozos de Escuadra and the Civil Guard and the Spanish National Police Corps and consists of various specialties such as protection of personalities, bomb squads, riot control, situations emergency, anti-drug and mountain rescue service.

Algeria

Algerian National Police

Algerian National Police in Annaba.

The Algerian Police, also called National Security (SN) (Algerian Arabic: شرطة الجزائر) (French: Police algérienne), is the national civilian police force of Algeria. The national police police the cities, towns and urban areas of Algeria. The police are part of the Ministry of the Interior and are responsible for maintaining law and order, protecting life and property, investigating crime and apprehending criminals, as well as performing other police functions such as traffic control. The national police is headed by a director general. As of 2007 it consisted of a force of 130,000 officers, including specialized investigative and operational branches and support services. The judicial police branch is responsible for conducting criminal investigations, working in close coordination with the public prosecutor's office and the Ministry of Justice. The policemen who are assigned to the provincial capitals (wilayat), are under the nominal control of the provincial governors.

National Gendarmerie of Algeria

Members of the Special Intervention Detachment of the National Gendarmerie of Algeria.

The National Gendarmerie of Algeria (in Algerian Arabic: الدرك الوطني), is the national Gendarmerie force of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is part of the Algerian Armed Forces, is commanded by a Major General who reports directly of the Minister of National Defence, its headquarters is in Chéraga.

Argentina

In Argentina, there are two levels of police forces: those under federal jurisdiction and those belonging to each of the twenty-three provinces and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.

Armored combat vehicle of the Argentine Federal Police.

GEOF vehicle (Special Group of Federal Operations).

National Gendarmerie personnel.

“Mantilla” coasters belonging to the Prefecture.

The police forces of federal jurisdiction are:

• Federal Police (PFA): It is an armed institution that depends on the National Executive Branch through the Ministry of Security. It performs functions in federal crimes throughout the territory of the Government of the Nation. It has detachments in all the country's first-order jurisdictions (23 provinces and the Ciudad Autonóma de Buenos Aires). In the past, until the last day of 2016, the Federal Police had the local police power in the Ciudad Autonóma de Buenos Aires, but due to the creation of the City Police that came into operation on January 1, 2017, the Federal Government is now only dedicated to federal crimes and issues throughout the country. It is responsible for investigating issues relating to organized crime, drug smuggling, money laundering, smuggling of persons, electronic deception and terrorism. It also has a division of special operations, the Special Group of Federal Operations (GTF)GEOF), in charge of carrying out counter-terrorism and anti-narcotics missions, as well as the rescue of hostages and of providing protection to heads of state visiting the country. It has Federal Aviation, which includes aircraft and helicopters for police use. Apart from GEOF, there is the GE-1 (Special Group 1) which is the group of the CGI specialized in high, medium and low intensity actions. The police have a large number of patrols, vans, motorcycles, armoured, combis, cuatrics, hydrant trucks, assault vans, etc. The PFA has its own fire department and rescue team. Its uniform, in a sea blue color, is much like the U.S. New York police. Except for the blue band around the hat. He is a member of the Interpol since 1962 and was responsible for issuing passports and identity cards until 2010 in which the card was replaced by the new ID in card format issued by the National Register of Persons under the Ministry of the Interior. The Commissioner General of the PFA, Néstor Valleca, is the head of the Latin section of the INTERPOL.

• Naval Prefecture Argentina (NAPA(i) performs the role of security police in the seas, rivers and lagoons of the national territory, and is the equivalent of Coast Guard services in other countries, their functions depend on the Ministry of Security.

Pursuant to General Law 18,398 and the Navigation Act, 20.094 is the way in which the State has to exercise as a security and public order police in the waters of national jurisdiction and ports. It also fulfils obligations of the State of Abanderamiento and Estado Rector del Puerto, which is responsible for the entry and departure of ships; and the control of their security conditions. It has its headquarters in the Guardacostas Building, in the neighborhood of Puerto Madero (where it exercises the police power even though it has now become a residential neighborhood), in Buenos Aires and has units in some provinces of the country.

• National Gendarmerie Argentina (GNA): it is a security force with military characteristics that depends on the Ministry of Security and provides internal security throughout the territory. At the federal level, it serves as a security and judicial police; as well as a police officer for the prevention and suppression of violations of special laws and decrees. It is the body responsible for controlling and monitoring all borders of the country and defending the national territory. Participates in peace missions, humanitarian actions and control in conflict zones. It is also responsible for the custody of persons and property of the Argentine State abroad. It is involved in issues such as clandestine migration, smuggling, terrorism, drug trafficking, drug trafficking, interjurisdictional violations of cargo and passenger transport, the environment, disruption of public order, tax evasion, among others. It has its headquarters in the Centinela Building in the porteño neighborhood of Retiro; and it has squadrons in different cities of the country.

• Air Security Police (PSA): is a civil institution responsible for protecting and safeguarding security at Argentine airports. It belongs to the Ministry of Security and was created in 2005 by presidential decree of Néstor Kirchner to replace the former and militarized National Air Police (PAN), whose characteristic was to be an internal unit of the Argentine Air Force, through its Air Region Command, as the Air Authority of the airports.

• Federal Research and Homeland Security Agency (AFISI): The Argentine Republic is a federal state, and each of its provinces enjoys autonomy as the American States; in fact the provinces and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires have their own constitution, and the provinces have a tripartite division of powers. Each jurisdiction of the first order of Argentina (the 23 provinces and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires) has its own police force, responsible for the maintenance of public order and the prevention of crime within the respective provincial jurisdictions. In turn, the City Police is responsible for police functions in the Buenos Aires City Autonoma. In the case of federal crimes, the provincial police and the City of Buenos Aires cooperate with the federal security forces mentioned above. The most relevant non-federal police force in the country is the Buenos Aires Province Police, which has nearly 50 000 troops in operation, and its special operations unit Grupo Halcón, which has as its primary mission the recovery of hostages, and to intervene in any situation where the regular police force is overcome, such as: terrorist attacks, drug trafficking procedures, recovery of targets taken, aircraft (air vendor) and any other high-risk situation requiring the use of this tactic unit. It is also the main guarantor of the security of the President of the Nation, the Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires, and of all those dignitaries and senior foreign officials who visit the provincial level. Another important factor in the Police of the Province of Buenos Aires is the territorial and demographic extension it covers.

Australia

An Australian police vehicle

There are two levels of police forces in Australia, the state police and the Australian Federal Police.

Each state, like the Northern Territory, is responsible for maintaining its own police and security on its territory. This includes maintaining law and order, traffic enforcement, major crimes, anti-terrorism division, naval police, search and rescue, and in some states, traffic police. Policing of the Australian Capital Territory, the Jervis Bay Territory and other external territories are contracted to the Australian Federal Police.

In some territories, local governments hire officers or rangers to enforce ordinances regarding issues such as parking, dog ownership, retail.

The Australian Federal Police operate at a federal level and are tasked with enforcing federal laws such as drug smuggling, money laundering, people smuggling, electronic deception and anti-terrorism. Federal officers also participate in peacekeeping missions in Cyprus, East Timor, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.

Austria

patrol vehicle of the Austrian Federal Police.

Austria has the Austrian Federal Police made up of 27,824 agents, of which 14,990 come from the Gendarmerie, 10,408 from the uniformed Police and 2,027 from the Criminal Police, since it was created in 2005 due to the unification of the main security forces that had existed until then.

The Austrian Ministry of the Interior is divided into four departments. At number II is located the General Directorate of Public Security on which the entire police organization depends. Within this directorate there are two other sections: the Federal Service for the Defense of the Constitution and the fight against terrorism, which reports directly to the cabinet of the Minister of the Interior, and the Federal Criminal Service, which channels information and investigation.

Each federal state has a police directorate with a single police command, responsible for public order and citizen security. The 13 Provincial Headquarters and 86 regional headquarters with their corresponding police stations (Polizeinnnspektionen) depend on him.

Belgium

A car from the Antwerp Local Police (Belgium).

In Belgium, there is the Belgian Federal Police (Dutch: Federale Politie; French: Police Fédérale; German: BundesPolizei) that operates at a federal level and is in charge of maintaining order, fighting terrorism, smuggling and protecting the country. It has approximately 12,300 officers and civilians.

In addition, the Local Police (Dutch: Lokale Politie; French: Police Locale) is also present ; German: Stadtpolizei) made up of 196 police forces. 50 of them cover a single municipality and 146 more than one.

Bolivia

In Bolivia, being a Unitary State, there is only one Police Force. This is the Bolivian National Police. However, it is subdivided into 9 Departmental Police for each of the Bolivian departments, which use the same uniform and regulations.

Brazil

PMPR School Patrol - 2008.

National Public Police Force (Military Police).

In Brazil, the police agencies are the following:

• Federal Police

Dependant to the Ministry of Justice, they are responsible for crimes tried by the Federal Justice, where they also serve as the Judicial Police. It includes the Maritime Police, responsible for border control, customs and issuance of passports. The federal police are also responsible for investigating organized crime, drug smuggling, money laundering, people smuggling, electronic deception and terrorism.

• Federal Rodoviária Police

This body is responsible for the control of federal roads and transportation in the main entrances and exits of the country.

• Federal Police

This body is responsible for the control of federal railways and transportation in the main entrances and departures of the country.

• Civilian police

In 1808, the Civil Police formed in Rio de Janeiro.

Belonging to each State, is managed by delegateswhose unit is called delegation; it has the task of acting as the Judicial Police, which means, it provides assistance to the judiciary in the implementation of the Law, in crimes of State jurisdiction, being responsible for investigations of certain crimes (exceptionally it may be responsible for criminal offences of federal jurisdiction, in case there is no Federal Police Unit in the area), in addition to carrying out police intelligence actions.

• Military police

They are public security forces, which have the primary role of the ostensive police service and the preservation of public order in the field of States (and Federal District). They are subordinated to the governors and are, for the purpose of organization, auxiliary forces and reserve of the Brazilian Army, and they integrate the system of public security and social defense of Brazil. Its members are called the military of the States as well as the members of the military fire department.

Each State has its own Military Police (in Portuguese: Military Police - PM), with different structures, regulations and uniforms. This police officer is diverse from the police of the armed forces; they have other names in the Portuguese language.

• Municipal Guard

They are public security forces and institutes of a civilian nature. The model of the Brazilian Municipal Guards is the United States Local Police and European Union.

Canada

The Canadian Mounted Police.

In Canada, there are three levels of police forces: municipal, provincial and federal.

Constitutionally, law enforcement is a provincial responsibility, although most urban areas have taken it upon themselves to maintain their own police forces. Small municipalities are dependent on provincial forces, with all but three provinces taking law enforcement outside of their provincial responsibilities to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the national and federal force, therefore it is the only police force that maintains three distinct levels in the area.

Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland maintain their own provincial forces: the Ontario Provincial Police; the Sûreté du Québec (Quebec Provincial Police) and the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (Royal Newfoundland Constabulary).

There are few private police forces, with the same powers as other government forces. The Canadian National and Canadian Pacific railways have their own police force, which must prevent the theft of public objects, as well as protect staff and passengers with their belongings.

Chile

Carabineros dodge charger vehicle

Carro launchers of the Carabineros.

Dodge durango used by carabineros as patrol

Carabineros motorists.

In Chile there are two types of police: the Chilean Carabineros and the Chilean Investigative Police.

Both police officers, since the beginning of 2011, report to the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security of Chile, a new name that the Ministry of the Interior acquired, and have jurisdiction over the entire national territory.

Carabineros de Chile is a police institution, it has hierarchies, ranks and is also uniformed. It is also called the Uniformed Police and its members are simply called Carabineros. The institution's mission is to safeguard public order, internal public security and enforce the law.

The Investigative Police of Chile (PDI) is civilian, it has special hierarchical ranks appropriate to its police functions, it does not wear standard military-type uniforms, but it does have a type of pantone-colored police jacket for certain operations specific. Currently it is called PDI, it is also known as the Civil Police and its members are generally known as detectives and police officers. The PDI's main task is criminal investigation and police clarification of crimes, contributing to the maintenance of public tranquility, preventing criminal acts and acts against the stability of the State; It has the exclusive mission of controlling immigration into the country, supervising foreigners residing in Chile, and representing this nation at Interpol.

The Chilean Gendarmerie is another organization related in a certain way to the police sphere in Chile, this being a military-type institution, which is why it has hierarchies, military ranks, and is uniformed. Dependent on the Ministry of Justice, it is the institution in charge of order, security, enforcement of sentences in the country's prisons and the protection of the Courts of Justice, it is in charge of the custody of prisons and centers of deprivation of liberty; its members are called gendarmes.

There are various units specialized in handling high-risk situations and both the Investigative Police and Carabineros and Gendarmerie have them, where the following stand out:

• GOPE: The Special Police Operations Group (GOPE) of the Chilean Carabineros is a specialized unit with weapons and military equipment, which is responsible for resolving high-risk situations, including deactivation of bombs, location and tracing of bombs and explosives, and rescue of people or bodies from places of difficult access. The GOPE is not considered an equivalent of SWAT, as the GOPE, in addition to covering all SWAT functions, performs other functions that the American special unit does not perform.

• ERTA: The Tactical Reaction Team is a team of Chilean Investigations Police Officers, selected and trained, equipped with the necessary equipment to act in situations of high risk or eventual danger. It acts as an anti-narcotics team, also in operations of entry and registration of properties, vehicle controls in motion, detention of persons of high danger, and confrontations against organized crime. It is made up of the Organized Crime Research Brigade, BRICO, and the Anti-Narcotics Brigade, BRIANT. The different Prefectures of the PDI have tactical intervention teams, with similar characteristics to the ERTA, prepared to face high-risk situations, such as hostage rescue, capture of armed drug traffickers, capture of violent criminals of organized crime or possible terrorist acts.

• Tactical Operations Section (SOT): It is a specialized unit that operates in crisis situations with hostage-taking, riots, mass escapes, which, among other eventualities, affect the security of the prison premises. It has a force of 12 men under the command of an officer, they are officials who have a recognized experience in situations of high complexity, and who are elected by the command of Gendarmerie. This group is responsible for preventing a possible escape of prisoners in the country ' s criminals, in order to ensure order and security whenever there is no negative result. The Sot usually uses a uniform darker than the original, getting a black tone.

The General Directorate of the Maritime Territory and Merchant Marine of Chile, (DIRECTEMAR), is an agency of the Chilean Navy, through which the State of Chile ensures compliance with the laws and international agreements in force in relation to the maritime territory national, to protect human life at sea, the environment, natural resources and regulate the activities that take place in the aquatic environment of its jurisdiction, with the purpose of contributing to the maritime development of the nation, is the Equivalent (up to certain point) to the US Coast Guard or the Argentine Naval Prefecture.

Another special forces organization (this is a special case, since it depends on one of the branches of the country's armed forces) is the Air Hijacking Group (ASA), of the Chilean Air Force, is a elite group whose main function is to guard and intervene if necessary any type of air hijacking in Chilean territory. Its members are recognized for their professionalism and secrecy, one of the most important requirements for the members of this unit is to know each and every one of the corners of the airport where they are guarding. The information regarding this unit is very little, the only one that is known is the disruption of a plane hijacking at the Cerro Moreno International Airport in the city of Antofagasta. Its main headquarters is located in Aviation Group No. 10 at the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport, in the city of Santiago.

Columbia

National Police Special Operations Command.

Blackhawk helicopter from the special operations command.

Tanqueta de la Policía Antidisturbios de Colombia.

Ferrari National Police patrol.

Motorized National Police patrols

In Colombia, the only police force, and with national jurisdiction, is the Colombian National Police, which is defined as an armed, permanent, civilian body, in charge of the nation, whose primary purpose is the maintenance of the necessary conditions for the exercise of public rights and liberties, and to ensure that all the inhabitants of Colombia live in peace; the police are responsible for the preservation of internal public order. Constitutionally, they are part of the Public Force, together with the Military Forces (Army, Air Force, and Navy), therefore the crimes committed by police officers on active duty and in relation to the same, are known by courts-martial, or military courts, in accordance with the prescriptions of the Colombian Military Penal Code; It is not deliberative, it cannot exercise the function of suffrage, nor intervene in activities or debates of political parties or movements. Since 1953 it depends on the Ministry of Defense.

The President of the Republic, as the supreme administrative authority, is the Superior Chief of the National Police, an attribution that he exercises through the Minister of National Defense, and the General Director of the National Police, who is a General Officer of the institution. decentralized in (8) regional police, (7) metropolitan police and (34) Police Departments; directed by the General Directorate (DIPON), which is divided into (6) service support directorates (administrative), (8) operational directorates, (1) educational level directorate and (5) advisory offices.

Colombian Carabineros.

Its history begins almost immediately after independence when an entity called the Carabineros was created and served to maintain order in the nation. The first to speak of the importance of a police force for the new homeland was General Francisco de Paula Santander, hence the name of the Alma mater of his officers. Currently the Carabineros are part of the Directorate of Carabineros and Rural Security (DICAR), in charge of Rural Surveillance, which has the specialty of Carabineros, "mounted police" on horseback; which carry light weapons (revolver, pistol and/or carbine) and the "EMCAR Carabineros Mobile Squads" Carabineros, equipped with heavy war material, in charge of rural police security, security for the eradication of coca and poppy, defense and protection of the most remote rural populations and operations against criminal actions.

National Police SUV vehicle.

The Police in Colombia have certain similarities with the Military Forces, as in the type of weapons, in the training (although each force has specific competencies and roles); It differs particularly from the Military Forces, in that its uniform is not camouflaged, but olive green in color and with a reflective vest or jackets and an apple-green shirt in the cities. Their command ranks are the same as in the military, starting from the rank of second lieutenant to that of general; from second corporal to master sergeant; from patrolman to commissioner; and agents; in addition to those who provide their compulsory military service, police auxiliaries and bachelor's police auxiliaries.

The National Police generally carries out individual police operations, in conjunction with the Military Forces and in mixed units. It has Special Operations Groups "GOES", such as: Groups of Unified Action for Personal Liberty "GAULA", mobile squadrons of carabineros "EMCAR", (group with heavy warfare weapons, Rural and Urban counter-guerrilla units), Jungla Anti-Narcotics Company "JUNGLA", Special Operations Commandos "COPES", Rural Operations Command "C.O.R", and Grenadiers.

The Colombian National Police is one of the most complex in the world, especially due to the number of contrasts that can be found in it, from the most civic actions, such as the protection of children and adolescents, women, older adults, the protection of fauna and flora, tourism, relief and disaster care; even shock operations, such as anti-drug, anti-subversive, and anti-terrorist operations; In fact, it is characteristic that it is the only Police in the world that patrols the air of its country in armed airplanes and helicopters such as the Black Hawks, which have machine guns and even missiles; to respond to attacks by proliferating guerrillas and spraying teams from coca and poppy plantations. There are cases where its civil and military hybrid are combined in complement for the development of its mission, such as the case of the Traffic and Transportation Police that develops functions of control, education, prevention, attention to accidents in the cities, urban and rural roads, but at the same time it must confront illegal armed groups with heavy weapons, which seek to incinerate vehicles, block or destroy road infrastructure works (bridges, viaducts), especially on rural national roads, in the Units of Intervention and Reaction (UNIR) of the Transit and Transportation Directorate (DITRA).

The performance of women in the institution has ensured success in all areas, from their participation in the most sensitive and human functions to the most risky of the internal armed conflict.

The Colombian National Police is the only Police in Latin America and one of the few in the world that provides services without weapons, such as security in some transportation systems such as TransMilenio (Bogotá), Megabús (Pereira), MIO (Cali) and airports, in addition to protection of tourism and ecology, among others; by their Bachelors Police Auxiliaries; situation that stands out in contrast to the prevailing state of public order in his nation.

Its function is preventive, educational, social, dissuasive, reactive, intelligence and investigative; but given the conditions of the environment in which it performs and in compliance with its function of preserving internal public order, guaranteeing freedoms and rights; it has preventive, dissuasive groups; who use force, acting as a reaction, in the face of social disorders; as an example are the ESMAD mobile riot squads, which counteract attacks in riots and violent mass public demonstrations, a situation that has given it an air of respect among some sectors of the population, but unpopularity among others and a lot of attention from the human rights activist organizations.

The Police in Colombia has several Modalities, as follows: Citizen Security, Criminal Investigation, Police Intelligence, Administrative and Logistics, Teaching, Justice. And the following specialties, like this: Police, Canine Guides, Environmental and Ecological, Transit and Transportation, Anti-explosives, Tourism, Childhood and Adolescence, Fiscal and Customs Police, Anti-narcotics, Anti-kidnapping, Anti-extortion, Airport, Protection of People and facilities, Air Service, Riot Control, Logistics, Military Criminal Justice, and Special Operations.

In two separate bodies, it brings together criminal investigation in the Criminal Investigation Directorate and INTERPOL (DIJIN), and intelligence in the Police Intelligence Directorate (DIPOL); whose coordinated actions between these two specialties have given good results in the fight against crime. Within its current structure, it is contemplated that each departmental or metropolitan command has sections (SIJIN and SIPOL) of these two directions. Although initially the "Central Directorate of Judicial Police and Intelligence" (previous DIJIN) grouped the two functions, these were separated to achieve better results, resulting in the new Criminal Investigation (DIJIN) and Police Intelligence (DIPOL) directorates.

It has a National Directorate of Education with programs within the educational training process (seminars, diplomas, workshops, courses, etc.) training (undergraduate programs (professional technician, professional and professional technologist, and postgraduate specializations and master's degrees) Its Training Schools, are among the most qualified in the continent and are considered one of the best police forces in the world, it is easy to find police officers with postgraduate training on the street, due to their results and little corruptibility; for this reason they are frequently visited by commissions of other countries to analyze their procedures Currently, men over the age of 18 fulfill their compulsory military service in the National Police in two ways: as Bachelor Police Auxiliaries, of a more educational, social and cultural nature, not armed, and as Police Auxiliaries (“Regular”) with urban and rural security functions, armed (of a more dissuasive nature, sim similar and even under more adverse conditions than in the army). Its current CEO is General Jorge Hernando Nieto.

Costa Rica

In Costa Rica there are various police forces, the Costa Rican Public Force, is the main police force, permanent and of a civilian nature, which by constitutional mandate, must ensure the security and exercise of the rights and freedoms of Every human being located within Costa Rican territory, in alliance with the community, is a dependency of the Ministry of Public Security. Attached to this are specialized services such as Air Surveillance (SVA), Coast Guard and Borders.

There is a police force in charge exclusively of traffic tasks, attached to the Ministry of Transport and Public Works (MOPT). Only the officers of this body, or of some other body with the investiture of the MOPT, can carry out sanctions designated in the traffic law.

Each municipality in the country has the power to create its own police force (Municipal Police) that is in charge of tasks similar to those of the Public Force, but only within the municipal limit. Sometimes they also have a division for traffic work (Municipal Traffic Police) or only the well-known "parking lottery" in charge of ensuring the use of parking tickets.

The country's public universities have, due to their autonomy, security forces or sections. Although these have officers with police rank, they are not usually called that. Unlike the Municipal Police, its jurisdiction is not limited to the spaces of the respective University. In the case of the University of Costa Rica, it has a Safety and Traffic Section with University Traffic Inspectors who ensure compliance with the traffic law also in the vicinity of the UCR.

The Organismo de Investigación Judicial (OIJ) is the country's judicial police. This belongs to the Judiciary of the Republic, and is the only body that can carry out investigation. It has a special unit for its work: Special Tactical Response Service (SERT).

Other police forces that we can find in Costa Rica are the PCF (Fiscal Control Police) of the Ministry of Finance and the Penitentiary Police of the Ministry of Justice and Peace.

Cuba

The National Revolutionary Police, PNR, currently part of the Ministry of the Interior, MININT, was founded on January 5, 1959, just 5 days after the triumph of the Revolution led by Fidel Castro Ruz.

It is responsible for citizen tranquility and public order throughout the territory of the Republic of Cuba. In its internal structure, the PNR includes the Specialized Police (works in tourist areas in Havana) and the Railway Police. Other internal forces are the Highway Patrols, the Traffic Police, etc.

Most of the weapons and techniques of the PNR are of Soviet or Russian origin, from the patrols that use Ladas 2107 cars even more or although elements such as Peugeot cars for patrol units in Havana or Chinese SUVs have also been introduced BAW for highway patrols. The daily uniform of the PNR officers is blue.

The National Special Brigade is the special force of the PNR to face activities such as kidnappings, capture of highly dangerous fugitives, custody of massive events of great importance, among others. In recent years, their weapons and fighting techniques have been significantly improved. Their uniform can be the blue of the PNR or the olive green of the MININT, with a black beret as a badge. It has a presence in each Cuban province with at least 1 company of troops.

Denmark

Danish Police Vehicle.

There are several police forces in Denmark. The main body is the Danish Police (Danish Politiet) which reports to the Ministry of Justice and is divided into 12 districts in Denmark itself and two in Greenland and the Faroe Islands. It is in charge of citizen security, maintaining social order and border control. It also has the Special Intervention Unit (in Danish Politiets Aktionsstyrke) specialized in special operations and the fight against terrorism. There is also another body, the Danish National Police (in Danish Rigspolitiet) which reports to both the Ministry of Justice and the Parliament itself and is more specialized. Finally, there is the Danish Intelligence and Security Service (in Danish Politiets Efterretningstjeneste) in charge of the country's security and intelligence.

Ecuador

Police Officer in Ecuador, Cuenca.

The National Police of Ecuador is a public entity in charge of the national citizen security of the Republic of Ecuador, said organization is in charge of the Ministry of the Interior of Ecuador.

The objective of the Ecuadorian National Police is to defend National sovereignty, guarantee internal order, individual and social security through prevention, deterrence and repression; complying with and enforcing the laws and legal norms and contributing to the development of the Nation.

In addition, it complies with a set of tasks and responsibilities related to the maintenance of public order, the safety of people and property, the preservation of public morality, the prevention and investigation of crimes, the apprehension of criminals, the control of transit, land transport and migratory movement in the Country; and, other functions of a general nature that must be fulfilled twenty-four hours a day throughout the country.

The means of transportation used by the National Police of Ecuador are double-cab pickups, which are the Chevrolet Luv D-Max, other smaller vehicles such as Suzuki Grand Vitara, Chevrolet Aveo, and motorized equipment for the control of urban areas and rural areas of the different cities of the country.

The weapons of the Ecuadorian police entity are very good, but the heaviest weapons are possessed by special groups such as the GOE, which is the Special Operations Group, or the GIR, Intervention and Rescue Group, whose work is more dangerous and strong.

The Political Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador establishes:

“Art. 163.- The National Police is a state institution of a civil, armed, technical, hierarchy, disciplined, professional and highly specialized nature, whose mission is to address citizen security and public order, and to protect the free exercise of the rights and security of persons within the national territory.

Members of the National Police will have human rights-based training, specialized research, crime prevention, control and prevention and use of deterrence and conciliation as alternatives to force use.

For the development of its tasks, the National Police will coordinate its functions with the different levels of decentralized autonomous governments. ”

El Salvador

In El Salvador, by mandate of the Constitution of that country, the National Civil Police is in charge of guaranteeing "order, security and public tranquility, as well as collaboration in the crime investigation procedure, and all this with adherence to the law and strict respect for human rights” (Art. 159). The institution was born as a result of the signing of the Chapultepec Peace Accords (1992) that put an end to the civil war in this nation and that supplanted the then National Police, which depended on the Armed Forces.

Most common patrols that can be seen from an agent of the PNC of El Salvador.

Slovenia

Police patrol vehicle.

Slovenia has only one police force, the Policija, a civilian armed institute. It was created in 1991 and has jurisdiction throughout the national territory. It depends on the Ministry of the Interior, and is made up of 8 dependencies; Celje, Koper, Kranj, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica and Novo Mesto.

Spain

Civil Guards belonging to the Cavalry Squad.

Mercedes-Benz Sprinter of the National Police Corps.

Patrol car of the Municipal Police of Madrid.

Patrol car of the Urban Guard of Barcelona.

Squadwell.

Ertzaintza police vehicle.

The State security forces and bodies, in Spain, are the armed institutes of the General State Administration in charge of maintaining order and public and citizen security, as well as the prevention and investigation of crime.

The most important bodies are:

• Guardia Civil: is the largest public security body in Spain. It is an armed institute of a military nature, a gendarmerie and a rural type that occupies the entire national territory. It depends mainly on the Ministry of the Interior, but also because of its military nature, it depends on some aspects of the Ministry of Defence. It has the mission to protect the free exercise of rights and freedoms and to guarantee citizen security.

• National Police Corps: it is an armed institute of a civilian nature, dependent on the Ministry of the Interior that occupies as well as the Guardia Civil all the national territory although to a lesser extent the communities with self-governing police. It is responsible for criminal, judicial, terrorist and law enforcement and immigration investigations.

• Local or Municipal Police: it is an armed institute of a civil nature with structure and hierarchical organization, with the adequacy required by the corresponding administration unit, the provisions issued in this regard by the Autonomous Communities and the regulations specific to each body and other rules dictated by the corresponding municipalities. The most important are the Madrid Municipal Police and the Barcelona Urban Guard. There is an exception, the BESCAM (Special Security Brigades of the Autonomous Community of Madrid), which are not an autonomic police, but an entity to provide local police service to the municipalities too small to afford it on their own and thus reinforce that of others of medium size.

Likewise, the Spanish territorial organization in autonomous communities allows them to create their own autonomous police forces, as long as said option has been provided for in their respective autonomy statutes. Among the autonomous communities that have planned the creation of said bodies, we find that the following have created their respective autonomous police forces (which assume, to varying degrees, the powers of the National Police Corps and Civil Guard):

Foral Police Vehicle.

Eurocopter AS-365N-3 Dauphin 2 of the Customs Surveillance Service.

• Squad modes: it is the autonomous police of Catalonia. It replaces most of the functions of both the Civil Guard and the National Police Corps.
• Ertzaintza: is the autonomic police of the Basque Country. It replaces most of the functions of both the Civil Guard and the National Police Corps.
• Foral Police: it is the autonomic police of Navarra. It does not replace the National Police Corps or the Guardia Civil, but rather form an additional police force for the autonomous community.
• Canarian police: it is the autonomic police of the Canary Islands. Currently, there are no members or competencies except for the protection of public buildings and transfer in custody of minors. It does not replace the National Police Corps or the Guardia Civil, but rather form an additional police force for the autonomous community.

There are also other police forces such as:

• Customs Surveillance Service: it is a police service that operates in the fight against smuggling, money-laundering and fiscal fraud. This armed body depends on the State Tax Administration Agency (AEAT), which in turn belongs to the Ministry of Finance.

• Harbour Police: is a uniformed body that is responsible for the management, protection and monitoring of the State Ports. It depends on each of the Harbour Authorities of Spain, which belong to the Ministry of Development.

• Environmental Police: also called forest agents, it is a uniformed body dependent on each of the autonomous communities of Spain formed by public officials who possess the status of agents of the authority, belonging to the public administrations that, according to their own regulations and regardless of the specific corporate denomination, have entrusted, among other functions, the police and the custody of the legal goods of a forest nature and those of the judicial police.

The State security forces and bodies are part of the security forces and bodies of Spain, finding its essential regulation in Title II of Organic Law 2/1986, on Security Forces and Bodies.

United States

A helicopter and a Hummer car from the United States border patrol.

In the United States, there are different levels of police, Federal Police, State Police (often called state troopers or highway patrol ), special purpose police (parks, schools, homes, transit, etc.), County Police (sheriffs, sheriffs, and other agencies), and Local Police i>. These are some of the hundreds of police agencies that exist in the country.

The Federal Police is divided into two categories:

• Research agencies (such as the FBI, , the United States Sheriffs Corps, the DEA,the Secret Service and the CIA)

• Security Police Agencies (such as the Federal Protective Service, U.S. Mint Police, United States Park Police and the Border Patrol).

Estonian

Police vehicle Estonia.

In Estonia there is a single police force called the Estonian Police (Estonian: Eesti Politsei) and it is subdivided into different sections. It is responsible for the security and order of the country.

Finland

Finland Police Car (Poliisipatrolling.

Patrol Turva of the Finnish Border Guard.

Finland has several police forces, the most important being:

• Finland Police (Poliisi): it is the national police force, which is responsible for the protection and security of the country.

In addition, there are other police forces in the country, such as:

• Finnish Border GuardRajavartiolaitos): it is the National Security Agency responsible for the security of the borders of Finland. It is a military organization, subordinated to the Ministry of the Interior on administrative matters, and to the President of the Republic on matters relating to the authority of the President as commander-in-chief, such as the appointment of officers.
• Finnish Customs Service (Tulli): he is responsible for border control, both on land and sea and air, so he often cooperates with the Border Guard.

France

Gendarmes watching.

Patrol car from the National Police.

Renault Scénic III Police Municipale In Strasbourg, Alsace.

Renault Mégane de la Douane

Renault electric "Zoé" Garde Champêtre

In France, there are two national police agencies, each with a different jurisdiction:

• National PolicePolice Nationale) in the cities; it depends on the Ministry of Interior and has 150,000 agents.
• National GendarmerieGendarmerie Nationale) in towns and small cities; it is part of the Armed Forces, which depends both on the Ministry of Interior and Defense. It has 105,000 members.

A similar diffusion exists, or has existed, in several countries that have imitated this system.

It also has another national police agency:

• General customs and indirect taxes called douane; a civil customs service consisting of approximately 20,000 officials.

In addition, French municipalities may have a local police force called police municipale or garde municipale, with restricted powers: they can only enforce municipal ordinances (mostly related to vehicular traffic) and participate in preventive actions (expert reports, evacuation of buildings, accident prevention, etc.). There is also the rural guard called garde champêtre which is in charge of protecting and caring for the country's natural areas.

In France, the term "police" refers not only to forces, but also to the concept of "maintaining law and order" (look out). There are two types of police in general senses:

• Administrative police (police administrative): uniformed preventive patrols, transit tasks, etc., with limited powers to carry out arrests.

• Judicial police (police judiciaire): law enforcement and investigation of crimes, with full powers to make arrests.

Thus, the mayor has police administrative power in the city (for example, he can order the police to enforce municipal ordinances), and the judge has powers over the police in a court (for example, expel people who are causing disturbances inside her).

Until 1984, the National Police was involved in giving first aid to the wounded and transporting them to the ambulance (Police secours). First aid is now provided by sappers-firefighters; however, mountain rescues are carried out by the PGHM (Peloton de gendarmerie de haute montagne ) of the Gendarmerie and the CRS (Compagnies républicaines de sécurité ) belonging to the Police National.

Some countries have followed this model of separating different police agencies for the same role, but in different jurisdictions.

Greece

Skoda Octavia vehicles of the Greek Police.

The Greek Police (Greek: αστυνομία) is the national police force of Greece. It is responsible for everything from highway control to the fight against terrorism, through surveillance, protection and security of the country. In addition, it also has the Tourist Police that is integrated into said body.

Guatemala

Corvette C7 used to perform persecutions for clandestine racing participants in Guatemala City.

Immediate Reaction Units "Lobos Gril" currently operating in Guatemala City, Quetzaltenango and Villa Nueva.

In Guatemala there have been different security forces. In times of the internal armed conflict around the 70's there was the feared Judicial Police (PJ) whose function was to repress opponents and since the 80's the National Police was born together with this Judicial Police, which was the in charge of public order.

After the signing of the Peace Accords signed in 1996, the National Police ceased operations and the National Civil Police emerged. The territorial deployment of the PNC, which began in mid-1997, managed to cover the 22 departments of the country in August 1999. Up to now, 6 District Headquarters, 27 Police Stations, 127 Stations and 343 Substations have been deployed, and it also has 8 mobile units (serenazgos) that move in critical points of the capital city. Several special police forces in charge of different areas of security are born.

Among those police forces are:

• The IPF (Police Intervention Force), this body is responsible in cases where public order is altered either by demonstrators who leave control or when certain social groups violently prevent the freedom of locomotive.

• The CAS (Anti-Sequester Command), this body specializes in carrying out ransoms in case of kidnapping and the capture of kidnappers or in extreme cases are authorized to remove them.

• The DIFEP (Special Police Forces Division), this police force is the equivalent of the US S.W.A.T. forces and have the same functions.

• The D.I.D.A.E. (Boards and Explosives Investigation and Deactivation Division) is responsible for deactivating explosive devices.

• The DAIA (Anti-Narcotic Analysis and Information Division), this body is responsible for dealing with and dismantling drug-related issues.

Recently, in 2006, a police force called GPC (Civil Protection Guard) was created, whose function is to protect citizens and ensure public order in areas of high criminal risk. It acts as support to the National Civil Police in these tasks.

Haiti

Honduras

The Honduran National Police is the uniformed body charged with maintaining public order and safety as well as upholding law enforcement and compliance in Honduras. Being the national police institution, the National Police maintains jurisdiction and presence in the 18 departments of Honduras, currently operating with 18 departmental headquarters and two metropolitan headquarters (Central District and San Pedro Sula). Regional headquarters, municipal headquarters, fixed or mobile station headquarters, posts and police posts operate under these entities; creating an infrastructure of at least 360 physical facilities around the country.

Indian

In India, the police are under the jurisdiction of the state, so they report to the Department of Internal Affairs. Each state has its own State Police and large cities have a Metropolitan Police.

Ireland

Irish Garda vehicles.

In the past, Ireland had several security forces such as the Black and Tans, the Royal Irish Constabulary and in the capital, the Dublin Metropolitan Police, but these were all replaced by the Garda Síochána (Spanish: Guardians of the Peace of Ireland, originally called the "Civic Guard"), the national police institution in charge of citizen security in the Republic of Ireland.

Iceland

Vehicle of the Icelandic National Police.

In Iceland there is the Icelandic Police (Icelandic Lögreglan), which is the only police force in the country. It is responsible for applying the law in all territories of the island with the exception of the areas where the Icelandic Coast Guard operates. The two services help each other when necessary.

Israeli

Israel Police

Israeli police vehicle.

The Israel Police (Hebrew: משטרת ישראל) (transliterated: Mishteret Yisrael) (Arabic: شرطة اسرائيل) is the police force of the State of Israel. Like most other police forces in the world, its tasks include fighting crime, controlling traffic and maintaining public safety.

Israel National Police Headquarters

The National Headquarters of the Israel Police, is the national headquarters of the Israeli police (Hebrew: בניין המטה הארצי של משטרת ישראל) its headquarters is located in the city of Jerusalem.

Border Police

The Israel Border Police (Hebrew: משמר הגבול, Mishmar HaGvul) is the branch of the Israeli police tasked with border surveillance. It is also often known by its Hebrew acronym (Magav, מג"ב), which means border guard.

Israel Military Police

Israeli PM motorized agents.

The Israel Military Police (Hebrew: המשטרה הצבאית) (HaMishtara HaTzvait) is a police force and a military unit that belongs to the Israel Defense Forces, the unit was created in 1948 and performs security and gendarmerie tasks, its main activities are: traffic control of military vehicles, investigation of crimes that have been committed by Israeli soldiers, detaining IDF deserters, surveillance of IDF military bases, custody of soldiers who have been taken prisoner, assisting the Israel Border Police in the territories of Judea and Samaria, crime prevention and collaborating with the Israel Police and with the civil authorities of the State. Its recruits are trained at a military base called Bahad 13, its members belong to the IDF and have to complete the same basic military training as other IDF members.

Italy

Vehicles of the Guardia di Finanza.

In Italy there are three national police agencies:

• Polizia di Stato; it is a national police force of the Italian State. It is a police and security civilian body under the Ministry of the Interior.

• Arma dei Carabinieri; it is an Italian State security agency. It is part of the Armed Forces of Italy. In its military role, it also has jurisdiction over members of the armed forces as a military police officer.

• Guardia di Finanza; it is a special police force that is part of the Armed Forces of Italy. It is a military body directly dependent on the Minister of Economy and Finance and the Public Security Service of the Ministry of the Interior. It develops judicial police and public security tasks in the economic and financial sphere.

Alfa Romeo 159 de los Carabienieri.

Alfa Romeo 156 de la Polizia di Stato.

In addition to these bodies at the state level, there are in certain regions their own bodies called Polizia Regionale, in addition to the Polizia Provinciale that exists in all the provinces that make up the State Italian. Likewise, each comune has its own Polizia Municipale (municipal police), and in some regions the Polizia Provinciale and the Polizia Municipale are grouped within the Local Police, although each of them maintains its own organization.

Alfa Romeo 159 de la Polizia Penitenziaria.

Subaru Forester del Corpo Foreste dello Stato.

There are also three more police forces at the state level:

• Polizia Penitenziaria, is a civilian police and security corps of Italy under the Ministry of Justice. It is responsible for the monitoring and control of prisons and prisons in the country, although within its scope is also the transport of prisoners between prisons, courts or medical centres.

• Forestry Corpo dello Stato, (Cuerpo de Guardabosques), is a civil security corps of the Italian State with judicial and public security functions that controls Italian national parks and forests. Since 2017 it has been part of the Carabinieri and has in fact been dissolved as an autonomous police force becoming an armed force.

• Coast Guard, are the Coast Guards of Italy and play the role of Judicial Police, safety of navigation, search and rescue at sea.

Japan

This section is an excerpt from Japanese Police Forces.[chuckles]edit]

Aichi Prefecture Toyota Crown police car in the parking lot of Expo 2005 Aichi Japan.

Police forces in Japan are mainly responsible for prefecture police departments under the supervision of the National Police Agency, but there are several other law enforcement officials. The National Police Agency is administered by the National Public Security Commission, which ensures that the Japanese police are an apolitical and free agency of the direct executive control of the central government. They are controlled by an independent judiciary and supervised by a free and active press.

Luxembourg

Vehicles of the Ducal Police of Luxembourg.

Luxembourg has a police force, the Grand Ducal Police, (in French: Police Grand-Ducale; in Luxembourgish: Groussherzoglec) that is in charge of protecting and maintaining public order in that country. It depends on the Ministry of the Interior. It is also responsible for guaranteeing the internal security of Luxembourg, the maintenance of law and order, border control and for enforcing all the laws and decrees of the Grand Duchy. It is also responsible for assisting and supporting the army in its internal operations. It has existed since January 1, 2000, when the different local police forces merged with the then Grand Ducal Gendarmerie.

Maltese

Police Car Pulizija from Malta.

Malta has the Pulizija or Malta Police, a civilian police and security body under the Ministry of the Interior that is in charge of everything from citizen surveillance and protection, to tax offenses, crimes, scams, drug trafficking, etc.

Mexico

In Mexico, the oldest antecedent of public security was in Mexico-Tenochtitlan (today Mexico City), around 1500 with the Calpullec, characters in charge of maintaining order in the calpulli. In 1525, with the Spanish already established, the first corps of bailiffs of Mexico City was formed, made up of major bailiffs, minor bailiffs and deputy bailiffs.

There are currently three levels of civil police: Municipal Police, State Police and Federal Police, corresponding to the federal scheme, each one with its faculties and scopes of action.

Municipal Police

There are around 2,200 municipal police forces^{[citation required]}, they are intended for society to comply with the Police and Good Governance Statement, favor social coexistence and public order, based on civility, and has local traffic functions. These are framed within a Secretariat or Directorate of municipal public security or another similar denomination. In some municipalities they are called Civil Guard and in other municipalities the regime of Usos y Costumbres falls, they have a body or service of Prosecutors who are citizens commissioned for a period of time in charge of public order within their communities.

State police

Mexico is a federal republic, the conformation of the Union is through the 32 federative entities (or states) which, each one has its own police force that attend to the crimes of the common law and the behaviors that put public safety at risk, either through preventive bodies, to dissuade the commission of illegal acts or judicial police to investigate and prosecute the offender. the Preventive Police (in the case of the State of Nuevo León Civil Force, replicating the same model, Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Veracruz, State of Mexico) administratively depend on a Secretariat of "Public Security" or "Citizen Protection". The judicial police, also called Ministerial or Investigation, are part of the Attorney General's Office of Justice of each state. In the case of the state of Chihuahua, the Unique State Police has been created, since it depends on a single unit that has merged Public Security and the Attorney General's Office at the Chihuahua State Attorney General's Office.

Federal Police

Aimed at addressing federal crimes such as terrorism, sabotage of strategic facilities, attacks on general communication routes, drug trafficking, smuggling, those that threaten the nation's heritage and those that, based on the Law of Organized Crime, are attracted by the federation for investigation and follow-up.

• Federal Police) and is made up of federal police,
• Federal Security Commission Service
• Prison Security and Custody.
• Federal Investigation Police (formerly Federal Ministerial Police): Executing Police of the Office of the Attorney-General of the Republic.
• Support Unit for the Tax and Customs Inspectorate of the General Customs Administration of the Tax Administration Service.
• Army Military Police and Mexican Air Force.
• Military Ministerial Police of the Office of the Attorney-General for Military Justice.

Mexico City Police

Mexico City (CDMX) has a police force under the command of the Secretariat of Public Security of Mexico City (SSP CDMX). The entity to which it belongs is the federation, so since there are no councils or municipal characteristics, there are no municipal police in this environment, so Mexico City is divided into zones and sectors, some of which are already being monitored by the Citizen Protection Unit, with a similar approach to the municipal police of the states of the republic and in extreme cases the Banking and Industrial Police can be used, which also provides private protection and custody services to individuals in Mexico City and its metropolitan area.

The Mexico City Police is divided into 3 public forces, being:

• Preventive police
• Police Banking and Industrial
• Assistant police

At the Police Training Technical Institute also known as the "Police Academy" All those interested in being part of the Preventive Police enter, with a duration of six months leaving only on weekends, at this stage they are called cadets, here they receive training in the application of public force, police defense, knowledge of laws and codes, driving special vehicles (auto-patrols, motorcycle-patrols, etc.) handling of firearms; They are governed by principles of action, professionalization, disciplinary regime (arrest, reprimand, discharge) these under the regulations of the Public Security Law for the Federal District. Once passing the basic course, they carry out their work in some of the sectors that make up the Federal District, transit or special groups, to mention a few; Women's, Mounted, Task Force, Metropolitan Group, Grenadiers., where each group has different functions on public roads.

Nicaragua

Pakistan

Pakistan police are under the control of the province in which they work, each police has jurisdiction in their own province and their leadership is based in the provincial capital. There is an independent traffic police department to manage traffic and it is also a provincial force. Only the capital city police is an exception and is under the control of the federal government with its own set up.

In Punjab, an elite anti-terrorism unit was created in 1998 within the Punjab Police. A separate paramilitary organization exists in the eastern provinces (Punjab and Sindh) known as the Rangers to provide security in the country and assist the police when necessary. They are also under the control of the province in which they work. Their equivalents in the western provinces (Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) are the Frontier Corps (FC).

Palestine

Two Palestinian cops.

The Palestinian Civil Police (Arabic: الشرطة المدنية الفلسطينية‎‎) was created under the Oslo Accords and the Cairo Convention of 1994, this police force was formed to assume the tasks of maintaining security and order in the State of Palestine. The Palestinian Civil Police, is a civilian police unit, which was created by presidential decree, and is specially trained to maintain security, law enforcement and order implementation, to maintain security, property, honor, freedom and personal security.

Panama

Vehicle of the Panama National Police.

The National Police of Panama is an armed body of a civilian nature, attached to the Ministry of Public Security, in charge of maintaining and guaranteeing public order at the national level. It was legally constituted by Law No. 18 of June 3, 1997. The National Police of Panama together with the National Aeronaval Service (SENAN), the National Border Service, the Institutional Protection Service and the National Immigration Service make up the Force public. The National Police of Panama has been directly subordinate to the President of the Republic through the Minister of Public Security since 2010.

Paraguayan

The National Police of Paraguay is a civil police institution, hierarchical and subordinate to the Executive Power, through the Ministry of the Interior, in charge of internal security. Its function is to maintain legally constituted public order, crime prevention and investigation under the direction of the judicial authority. It is directed by a police agent of superior hierarchy, who bears the title of Commander of the National Police, who has constitutional impediments to exercise political-partisan activities.

Peru

Main article: National Police of Peru

The internal security of the country is in charge of the Peruvian National Police. It is a State institution created to guarantee internal order, the free exercise of people's fundamental rights and the normal development of citizen activities. She is professional and hierarchical. Its members represent law, order and security throughout the Republic and have a fundamental purpose: Guarantee, maintain and restore internal order; provide protection and help to individuals and the community; guarantee compliance with the laws and the security of public and private assets; prevent, investigate and combat crime and monitor and control borders.

Created on December 6, 1988, the National Police of Peru was formed on the basis of three previous institutions: the Civil Guard of Peru, the Investigative Police and the Republican Guard; It is an institution of a civil, hierarchical, non-deliberative nature, dependent on the Ministry of the Interior; It has been subject to a series of reforms, the most recent in 2013 through the issuance of Legislative Decrees 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152 and 1157; whose highlights are:

BMR-600, Lima - Peru

• It has a unique command (by the Director General PNP)

• The use of its fundamental purpose is carried out by the Specialized Units (Criminal Investigation Directorate, Counter-Terrorism Directorate, Anti-Drug Directorate, Fiscal Police Directorate, Police Aviation Directorate as the most recognized) and Commissariats (by the Police Basic Service: Crime Prevention and Offences).

Since its creation, the Peruvian National Police played an important role in the fight against subversive terrorism from the terrorist organizations "Sendero Luminoso" and "Tupac Amaru"; many of whose troops were killed by terrorist insanity.

Portuguese

Patrol vehicle of the Public Security Police.

There are three police forces in Portugal:

• Polícia Judiciária: it is the main criminal investigation body in Portugal, whose vocation is to combat great crime, specifically organized crime, terrorism, drug trafficking, corruption and economic and financial crime.
• Polícia de Segurança Pública: is the civil security force responsible for defending democratic legality, ensuring internal security and defending the rights of citizens. Despite having many other functions, PSP is known to be the security force responsible for the large urban areas of Portugal.
• National Republican Guard: it is the security force of a military nature. It is made up of military personnel organized in a special troop body with administrative autonomy, and with jurisdiction over the entire Portuguese territory.

United Kingdom

London Metropolitan Police.

London Police.

Police in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland are made up of more than 50 independent police forces supervised by local authorities. Those forces are more or less uniform in England and Wales, but different in Scotland and Northern Ireland. British police services have a common organization and common uniform.

The liberal British tradition is for the police to be decentralized (historically centralized police were seen as capable of being an instrument of dictatorship). The constitutional controversies of the 19th century about the powers of the central government and the risks of continental militarism gave rise to the definition of a police civil, locally organized and unarmed. British police like to boast that they maintain this civilian character, although some critics consider that the creation of specialized riot units in the early 1980s broke with the liberal tradition of policing.

The Chief Constable has a lot of operational and strategic autonomy. The chief of police is responsible to a special local council called "the police authority" (police authority). Historically it was responsible to a local council ("Watch Committee" or "Standing Joint Committee" or to the governing council of the county ("county council")).

In Northern Ireland there is the Police Service of Northern Ireland. Until 2001 it was the Royal Ulster Constabulary. The police in Northern Ireland are the only British police force to carry arms on a permanent basis. He has a different uniform, green.

In emergency situations, the Ministry of the Interior (Home Office) can control the different services. Police forces, generally speaking, are organized into administrative districts. Certain departments of the Metropolitan (London) Police operate throughout the country, including the Anti-Terrorism Division, the Department of Protection of Rights and Diplomacy, and certain special divisions. The new "Agency against organized crime", being national, can also work in any of the police areas. The smallest of the UK forces is the Police 'City' of London in central London.

Dominican Republic

It has the National Police of the Dominican Republic, whose function is to protect the Dominican nation, ensure compliance with the law to maintain and guarantee the necessary conditions for the exercise of public liberties and ensure peaceful coexistence within of the population.

Dominican Republic National Police Vehicle

Czech Republic

Czech Republic Police Vehicle with new rotulation.

Vehicle of the Městská policie.

There are two main police forces in the Czech Republic:

• Police of the Czech Republic: it is the national police and acts throughout the territory.
• Municipal PoliceObecní policie): it is the local police, which operates in the municipalities, and which receives the name of Urban Police (Městská policie) in the cities.

In addition, there is another secondary:

• Prison Service of the Czech RepublicHe's in charge of the country's prisons, their surveillance and their control.

Russia

Police (Russian: полиция) is the federal law enforcement agency in Russia, operating under the Ministry of Interior. It was established in 2011, replacing the Militsiya, the former police service.

It is the federal police service of Russia operating in accordance with the law "On the Police" (Закон "о полиции"), as approved by the Federal Assembly, and subsequently signed into law on February 7, 2011 by then-President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev.

Uruguay

Vehicle of the Uruguayan National Police.

The National Police of Uruguay is present in Uruguay, the country's police institution created in 1829, made up of civilian personnel, with full police powers. It constitutes the Security Force, it is a body of a national and professional nature, dependent on the Executive Branch through the Ministry of the Interior. As administrative police, it is responsible for maintaining Public Order and crime prevention. As an assistant to justice, it is up to him to investigate crimes, gather evidence and deliver criminals to the judiciary. It depends on the Ministry of the Interior.

This police force, in turn, has different subdivisions (called Directorates), such as:

• National Police Health Directorate: it is a National Police Directorate which is responsible for the treatment of diseases of police personnel in activity and retirement, their relatives and pensioners.
• National Police Directorate Caminera: The National Police Directorate Caminera (D.N.P.C.), is part of the National Police Corps as an Active Police. It is incumbent upon it to systematize, control and monitor the transit of the road network throughout the Republic, in accordance with the Police Organic Law, acting as road and road police.
• National Fire Department: is a professional technical agency, with competence of Fire Police throughout the national territory that depends on the Executive Power through the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic.
• Directorate of the Republican Guard: National Police elite body with jurisdiction throughout Uruguayan territory. In turn, it has another body dependent on it:
  • Metropolitan Guard: belongs to the National Republican Guard Directorate and is the infantry unit par excellence of the National Police.

Venezuela

The Bolivarian National Police is the main security force at the national level of Venezuela (as of September 2011). The legal instrument was approved by Decree No. 5,895 with Rank, Value and Force of the Organic Law of the Police Service and the National Police Corps, issued by the President of the Republic on the basis of the recommendations of the National Commission for the Police Reform, and on April 9, 2008 it was promulgated in an extraordinary gazette.

• 

  Maracaibo Military Police

• 

  police on motorcycles, maracaibo

• 

  Porlamar

Recently, the Organic Law of the Bolivarian National Police Service and Police Corps was enacted, published in Official Gazette No. 5,940 of December 7, 2009, which repeals the previous one and which creates and organizes the Bolivarian National Police, dependent on the Ministry of People's Power for Interior Relations and Justice and which will have, in accordance with its article 36, stations in all the federal entities of the country and the City of Caracas, the States and Municipalities that, although they have their own police In many cases, they will have to work with the National Police. This legal instrument also regulates the operation of the state and municipal police, in addition to contemplating the creation of Anti-drug, Penitentiary and Community services.

The creation of the National Police is based on article 332 of the National Constitution, which establishes that "the National Executive, to maintain and restore public order, protect the citizen, homes and families, support the decisions of the competent authorities and ensure the peaceful enjoyment of constitutional rights and guarantees, in accordance with the law, will organize:

• A uniformed national police force.
• A body of scientific, criminal and criminal investigations.
• A fire and fire department and civil emergency management.
• A civil protection and disaster management organization.
• Citizen security bodies are of a civil nature and respect human dignity and rights without discrimination. The role of citizen security bodies is a competing competition with States and municipalities in the terms

established in this Constitution and the law."

In 2006 he created the Conarepol (National Commission for Police Reform) which was in charge of conducting surveys and opinions for the approval of part of the Venezuelan population.

This project has been supported by innumerable surveys and opinions of the national population and directed by the Government of the President of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez.

There are currently more than 6,500,560 official bodies in the 23 states that make up the Venezuelan union. They are divided into three official types:

• National Police: It is the National Security Corps
• Regional Police: is the state body in Venezuela
• Municipal Police: is the municipal body

• New projects in development:
• Mountain police: Police on horseback for the Andean region.
• Trade Police: to combat drug trafficking, store and increase prices.
• Sea police: patrolling on the Venezuelan coasts to combat drug trafficking and impunity.
• School and university police: student protection to combat disorder in schools and universities.
• District Police: run as a special urban protection service for neighborhoods, urbanisations and neighborhoods.
• Air Police: to patrol the areas of the cities from the air.
• Agricultural police: for protection in the Venezuelan fields, to combat the kidnapping of peasants, farmers and farmers and abigeato.

Likewise, an Investigation Police stands out in Venezuela, called the Scientific, Criminal and Criminal Investigation Corps (CICPC), which is in charge of clarifying the criminal acts perpetuated in that country, being the third best investigative police in the world. This police force was previously known as the Judicial Police Technical Corps (CTPJ) or simply Judicial Technical Police (PTJ). This last name gave it the colloquial name phonetically called la petejota.

Another security body in Venezuela is the Bolivarian Intelligence Service (SEBIN), known until 2010 as the Intelligence and Prevention Services Directorate (DISIP). They are known as the political police. It is derived from the former National Security of the government of Marcos Pérez Jiménez.