Poem

Poem Noch, ulica, fonar, aptekaof Aleksandr Blok, on a wall of Leiden (Netherlands).

A poem (from the Latin poema, and this from the Greek ποίημα, «creation») is a work of poetry usually in verse, whether or not subject to the classical poetic resources of meter, rhythm and rhyme.

There are also prose poems (poetic prose, prose poem). A long poem can be divided into "cantos," and a short one into stanzas and a sonnet. A set of poems is a collection of poems (book of poems or collection of poems). It is very common to make anthologies of poems and poem competitions (floral games).

Joachim du Bellay, in Défensa et illustratcion de la lengua francesa (Defense and illustration of the French language, 1549), defines the poem with an «ouvrage en vers d'une assez grande étendue» (''work in verse of a fairly large extension'').

The symphonic poem is a musical composition for orchestra, in a free form and development suggested by a poetic idea or literary work.

Genres and subgenres

Synonymous with «canto» (Canto general by Pablo Neruda), «cantico» (Cántico de las criaturas de San Francisco de Asís, Spiritual Canticle of San Juan de la Cruz, Cántico by Jorge Guillén), “canción” (Canción sobre el asfalto by Rafael Morales), “cantar” (the Song of Songs, medieval epic songs, those of the blind, those of work - harvesting, threshing, sowing, harvesting-) or carmen Latin (Carmen Campidoctoris, Carmina Burana), the poem has been identified with lyric poetry (theoretically the most musical, which was sung accompanied by the sounds of a lyre, and in which the poet expresses feelings), although obviously there are poems of epic poetry (narrative, such as the Genesis, the Iliad, the Ramayana, the Aeneid, the Cantar de Mio Cid, Os Lusiadas or Paradise Lost) and theatrical or scenic (the one destined for the theater -tragedy, comedy or drama-, ta Whether it is the whole of a work in verse - most of the ancient and modern classical theater - as if it is just some part of the work that becomes popular on its own - the Shakespearean monologue from Hamlet, the Sonnet de repente by Lope de Vega, the seduction of doña Inés in Zorrilla's Don Juan Tenorio). as a work of poetry, and this as a poiesis (“creation”), with any literary composition conceived as an artistic expression of beauty through words.

The main subgenres of lyrics are the hymn or ode, the elegy, and the satire. The hymn and the ode express positive feelings, joy and celebration; that's why they used to celebrate victories. The elegy, on the contrary, expresses negative feelings, sadness or regret; that is why it was used as a template to express losses of any kind that affected the poet's psychic balance (deaths, heartbreak, etc.) Satire, for its part, also formulates basic feelings, such as indignation, mockery or contempt for something that goes against virtue or social morality.

Other lyrical subgenres, considered in the classical poetic precept as minor because they are of a mixed nature (less pure), are the epitalamio (song that celebrates weddings), the epigram (satire that is expressed concisely by means of sharpness or the mill), the peán (war song) or the eclogue (where some shepherds talk about their love affairs).

Literary conventions of the lyric poem

• It almost always deals with feelings or experiences of the author.
• The times in which the poet is situated are present, past and, rarely, future (which is not the time of the most direct emotion). Even when you feel long or melancholy in the past, that emotion feels from the present, and the same can be said of fear of the future.
• Its most common mode of expression is the short verse, in which rhythms or recurrences are abounding, semantic or syntactic. Thus, for example, the rhythm was achieved in Hebrew poetry by repeating the same meaning of a verse in the following, but differently. In ancient Germanic poetry, the rhythm was obtained in each verse repeating the same sound at the beginning of three words and in Western poetry, it was considered that there was a verse if there was a repetition (rima) at the end of each verse and a certain fixed rhythm in the accentuation of certain syllables.
• It tends to have a reduced duration in order to concentrate its meaning either in verse or in prose.
• The one who makes the poem has to understand what he feels.

Works entitled "Poem" or "Poems"

They are ordered chronologically:

Literature

• Poem of Gilgamesh, of Sumerian origin (III millennium BC), transcribed to Assyrian in the centuryVIII a. C.
• Poem of Pentaur, Egyptian (century)XIIIa. C.)
• Homerical Poems, attributed to Homer (Century century)VIIIa. C.)
• Poems of Chu (Cí or Ch'u Tz'u), classic Chinese anthology of seventeen poems of the kingdom of Chu (siglos IV-III a. C.)
• Runic Poems, Medieval Poems listing the letters of the Runic Alphabet
• Poema del Mío Cid, play anonymous Spanish (Medinaceli), more or less than 1140.
• Poems arabigoandaluces (siglos X to XIII), anthology and translation of Emilio García Gómez (1930)
• Poem of Almeria, anonymous Latin (sixteenth century)XII)
• Poem of Troy (Le Roman de Troieof Benoît de Sainte-Maure (seventh century)XII)
• Poem of Roda in honor of Ramón Berenguer IV, Latin anthem (centuryXII)
• Poema de Fernán González, anonymous SpanishXIII)
• Hundred poets, one hundred poems (Hyakunin IsshuJapanese compilation of Fujiwara no TeikaXIII)
• Poem of Elena and María, an anonymous galaico-leonés-castellano (sixteenth century)XIII)
• Poema de Yuçuf, anonymous aljamiado (sixteenth centuryXIV)
• Poema de Alfonso Onceno, de Rodrigo Yáñez (1348)
• Poems of the Alhambra, poems of Ibn Zamrak (centuryXIV(sixteenth century)XXI)
• Poema Regius, in middle EnglishXIV)
• Hundred poems by Kabir, selection of Kabir poems (centuryXV) by Rabindranath Tagore (1915)
• Poems of Ralph Waldo Emerson (1847)
• Ancient Poems, barbaric Poems and Tragic Poems (Poèmes antiques1852, Poèmes barbares1862, Poèmes tragiques1884), Leconte de Lisle
• Poems of saturnians (Poèmes saturniens) of Verlaine (1866)
• Little poems in prose (Spleen de Paris), by Baudelaire (1869)
• The Golden Poems (Les Poèmes dorés), by Anatole France (1873)
• Blue (Revolution of Hispanic Modernism), by Rubén Darío (1888)
• The poems (Die Gedichte), by Hermann Hesse (1899-1921)
• New poems (Neue Gedichte), by Rainer Maria Rilke (1907)
• The Bad Poem by Manuel Machado (1909)
• Poems, by William Carlos Williams (1909)
• Poema del cante jondo, by Federico García Lorca (1921)
• 5 meters of poems by Carlos Oquendo de Amat (1923-1925)
• Twenty poems of love and a desperate song by Pablo Neruda (1924)
• Poems of love by Alfonsina Storni (1926)
• Poems apples (Pommes Penyeach), by James Joyce (1927)
• Poems of transition (1927), Poems of Love (1964) and Poems for Children and Older (1978), by Nicolás Guillén
• Poems, three collections separated from W. H. Auden's early poetry (1928)
• Poems in prose (1923-1929) and Human Poems (1931-1937), by César Vallejo
• Poems Adredeby Gerardo Diego (1932)
• Poems do si e do nonAlvaro Cunqueiro (1933)
• Poems, William Golding's First Book (1934)
• Six Galician poemsby Federico García Lorca (1935)
• Poem of the beast and the angel, of Joseph Mary Peman (1938)
• Poema conjetural, by Jorge Luis Borges (1943)
• The poem by Montserratby Josep Maria de Sagarra (1950)
• Poèmes à Louof Apollinaire (1955)
• Poems of Agatha Christie (1973)
• Poems to combat the baldness of Nicanor Parra (1993)
• Poems of the world; or, the book of Wisdom, by Giannina Braschi (1983)
• Small-bourgeois poems, by Juan Bonilla (2016)

Music

• Five poems for voice and piano by Johannes Brahms
• Symphonic Poems, series of thirteen orchestral works by Franz Liszt
• Symphonic Poems, series of five orchestral works by Dvorak
• Trois Poèmes pour Piano d'après Aloysius BertrandMaurice Ravel
• Six poems by Rajmáninov
• Trois poèmes: Poéme doleureuex, Poème lyrique, Poème (1909–10) and Poème (1915), by Nikolái Roslavets
• Poème Symphonique for 100 metronomes, György Ligeti (1962)
• Cinq poèmesFrancis Poulenc, for Pierre Bernac