Peter Abbot

Pedro Abad is a Spanish municipality in the province of Córdoba, Andalusia. Belonging to the Alto Guadalquivir region. In 2017 it had a population of 2864 inhabitants. Its surface extension is 23.46 km² and it has a density of 122.08 inhabitants/km². Its geographic coordinates are 37º 58' N, 4º 27' EITHER.

Geography

Integrated into the Alto Guadalquivir region, it is located 35 kilometers from the provincial capital. The municipal area is crossed by the Autovía del Sur between pK 367 and 370.

The relief of the territory is formed by a wide meander of the Guadalquivir river, the terrain being very flat, with altitudes that oscillate between 237 meters (on a small plateau connected to the Alcurrucén hill) and 136 meters on the south bank of the river. On the border with El Carpio, on the road that connects with Adamuz, is the El Salto dam of the El Carpio reservoir. The town rises to 161 meters above sea level.

Northwest: Adamuz	North: Adamuz	Northeast: Montoro
West: The Carpio		This: Montoro
Southwest: The Carpio	South: Bujalance	Sureste: Bujalance

History

Configured in the center of the Guadalquivir Valley, and surrounded by a meander of this river, which in ancient times made it possible to control fluvial transit through the surrounding lands, with great agricultural potential. It was also an important point of commercial and cultural exchanges. The term of Pedro Abad, was part of the Roman municipality called SACILI MARTIALIUM. This ancient population was located in what is now called the Alcurrucén farmhouse, being cited by Pliny (Naturalis Historia III, 10).

Sacili received the statute of Roman municipality by law. The Martialium epithet refers to Mars, god of war. The territories of Sacili bordered on those of the municipality of Epora (now Montoro) and Solia (in the municipality of El Guijo). The appearance of a soliensis, found in the municipality of El Guijo, indicates the judicial resolution issued to resolve a boundary dispute between the three municipalities.

Among the innumerable archaeological remains that have appeared, those of religious cults stand out, represented in Sacili by two finds that confirm the deep roots of foreign cultural stimuli in the new municipalities of Baetica: a description dedicated to Jupiter Optimus Maximus, and another to genius of the municipality of Sacili Martialum, protective spirit of the city. Two possible portraits of Agrippina Minor, Claudio's wife, have also been found.

The economic activity in its beginnings was agriculture, focused on the cultivation of cereals. There is also evidence of the existence of an OFFECTOR (dyer) from Sacili, so it is presumable that textile crafts must have developed in this town.

The Vía Augusta, the main public road in Bética, crossed the municipality of Pedro Abad, coming from Épora (Montoro), arriving at Alcurrucén, passing through the farmhouses of Santa Ana and Mudapelo, crossing the Guadalquivir and going to Villafranca de Cordoba.

The origin of Pedro Abad, as we know it today, comes from the reconquest, in Muslim times, of Córdoba by King Ferdinand III. Account Ramírez and de las Casas Deza, and provided by Osuna and Cabrera, in the transcription of the copies of a manuscript that appeared in the hermitage of the Santísimo Cristo de los Desamparados de Pedro Abad, which the monarch created at the end of 1235, in the place that today occupies the town, a camp later converted into a hospital, where Abbot Pedro de Meneses settled to offer spiritual help, who brought a crucified man with him. The various miraculous events attributed to this image made Fernando III order the construction of a hermitage and houses for those who wanted to live in said place, who were exempt from all taxes or tributes.

The link between abbot Pedro de Meneses and the population is of vital importance. Abbot Pedro, of Galician origin, was born in Campobecerros, and being a parish priest in Santa María de la Mama, he was convinced to participate in the reconquest of the south of the peninsula, for which reason he moved with an image of Christ Crucified, which he inherited. familiar; image that is venerated with the name of Santísimo Cristo de los Desamparados. The foregoing and the existence of a fountain in the place, which was part of a well-traveled path in the XIII century, They would give the original name to the newly created village: Fuente de Per Abad, as stated in a document dated 1272, (it refers to its church, which belonged to the archdeacon of Córdoba, mentioning the place as Fuente de Per Abad), where this name appears.

In its beginnings the village was located on the main route to the east of the Guadalquivir Valley and belonged to Algallarín, soon, due to the importance it was acquiring due to the aforementioned miracles and extraordinary events that occurred, its own terms would be indicated.

Around 1530 Pedro Abad had 146 residents, being a royal town in the council of Córdoba during the Late Middle Ages. Only on one occasion (1467), due to the civil war between the monarch Enrique IV and the infant Don Alfonso, was it seigniorized, for a brief period, belonging to Diego II Fernández de Córdoba, 1st Count of Cabra.

In the year 1564 Pedro Abad was incorporated into the Marquisate of El Carpio, remaining under stately jurisdiction. Later the population is sold to Don Luis Méndez de Haro, since the real property is with serious economic problems. This sale would provoke strong opposition from the members of the Córdoba council. Meanwhile, the demographic trajectory is increasing and in 1564 there were 234 residents on the census, and in the year 1591 the figure was 307 residents. However, the upward trajectory is thwarted in the period of the XVII century due to epidemic outbreaks.

In the year 1571, fifty families of New Christians deported by Philip II lived in Pedro Abad, with a total of 140 people. Most of these families come from the Almería towns of Sorbas and Lubrín, which belong to the Marqués de El Carpio.

The economic activity of the time is dominated by agriculture. Most of the land is dry and the main crop is cereal (90%); in this period the olive grove undergoes a strong expansion. The waters of the Guadalquivir are used to irrigate the orchards, which cover the needs of the population and fruit and vegetable crops, without developing commercial activities.

In popular religiosity, local devotions and the brotherhood movement stand out, highlighting the image of the Santísimo Cristo de los Desamparados, which arouses intense fervor, being the object of a series of prayers to request his protection in difficult moments due to epidemics and periods of shortages.

The strategic geographical location of Pedro Abad, crossed by the Camino Real de Madrid, as well as its proximity to the capital Córdoba, partly explain the political significance of the town during contemporary times. Numerous foreign travelers collected their impressions of the town, thanks to such a privileged location, especially from the first quarter of the 19th century, and the most daring eight-century bandits had their sights set on the neighboring region.

The prompt sale of properties belonging to charity centers during liberalism, among them, those of the Hospital de la Caridad, meant an initial collapse of the care structure, which was extremely necessary given the polarized social structure. Perhaps due to this situation, the postulates of militant workerism had a fertile field of expansion in the town. Pedro Abad must be considered, then, as one of the fundamental nuclei of the provincial social unrest that emerged during the first years of the XX century. Thus, for example, the well-known activist Salvador Cordón and his companion Isabel Hortensia, among many other propagandists of the period, had frequent appointments in the town during the hectic year of 1918.

The option of social integration and twinning doctrinally sponsored by the Círculo Católico de Obreros could barely significantly counteract the emerging weight of trade unionism, founded on May 1, 1876, it will not survive for even a decade.

The establishment of socialist political options was late, until 1920 the first socialist group was not constituted. During the period of the Civil War, the immediate triumph of the rebel forces was known during the first days of the military sedition, although, already, on July 21, 1936, Pedro Abad was occupied by the Republicans. During the following months, skirmishes and reprisals took place on both sides, until on December 22, 1936, the national column led by Luis Redondo managed to take the town in skillful tactic surrounding the Republican troops stationed in El Carpio.

Holy Week

• Palm Sunday: Brotherhood and brotherhood of Our Lord of the Kings in their entrance triumph in Jerusalem and Mary Most Holy of Olive.
• Holy Tuesday: Brotherhood and brotherhood of Saint John the Evangelist and Most Holy Christ of mercy.
• Holy Wednesday: Brotherhood and brotherhood of Our Lady of the eldest in her loneliness and Saint Veronica.
• Holy Thursday: Brotherhood and brotherhood of Father Jesus Nazarene, Blessed Mary of Peace and Hope, Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ and Our Lady of Joy. Brotherhood and brotherhood of Saint John the Evangelist and Most Holy Christ of Mercy.
• Good Friday (Mañana). Brotherhood and brotherhood of Father Jesus Nazarene, Blessed Mary of Peace and Hope, Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ and Our Lady of Joy. Brotherhood and brotherhood of Saint John the Evangelist and Most Holy Christ of Mercy. Brotherhood and brotherhood of Our Lady of the Major in her loneliness and St. Veronica. Brotherhood of Mary Magdalene and Our Lord Jesus Christ crucified of Revidiego. Brotherhood of Our Lady of Pains.
• Good Friday (Night). Brotherhood of Mary Magdalene and Our Lord Jesus Christ crucified of Revidiego. Brotherhood and brotherhood of Holy Burial of Our Lord Jesus Christ. Brotherhood of Our Lady of Dolores.
• Saturday of Gloria: Judas burning.
• Resurrection Sunday: Brotherhood and brotherhood of Father Jesus Nazarene, Blessed Mary of Peace and Hope, Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ and Our Lady of Joy.

Artistic and monumental heritage

• Church of the Assumption.
• Hermitage of the Most Holy Christ of the Destitute.
• Casa natal de Santa Rafaela María, founder of the Slaves of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
• Museum of Painting and Sculpture Rodrigo Prieto Rojasinaugurated on 11 June 2011.
• Church Santa Rafaela María.
• Hermitage of Santiago el Menor.
• Convent of Santa Rafaela María

Parties

• Virgin of the Candelaria (February)
• Carnival (February or March)
• Romería de Santiago el Menor (1 May)
• May Cruises (Second weekend of May)
• Fiesta de San Isidro Labrador (15 May)
• Feast of Santa Rafaela María (18 May)
• María Auxiliadora Procession (Finales de mayo)
• Procession of Corpus Christi (June)
• Festival de la copla (end of August)
• Battles Encounter (principles of September)
• Fair and festivals in honor of the Most Holy Christ of the Destitute (14-17 September).
• Bicycle Day (September-October)
• Jalsa Salana is an annual meeting with a spiritual character celebrated by Ahmadia Muslim Yamaat. (November)

Demographics

Evolution of the number of inhabitants.

Politics and Administration

List of mayors since the 1979 democratic elections:

List of mayors

Years	Name	Political Party
1979-1983	Miguel García Rodríguez	PCE
1983-1987	Miguel García Rodríguez	PCE
1987–1991	Miguel García Rodríguez	IU-LV-CA
1991–1995	Miguel García Rodríguez	IU-LV-CA
1995–1999	Miguel García Rodríguez	IU-LV-CA
1999-2003	Miguel García Rodríguez	IU-LV-CA
2003-2007	María Luisa Wic Serrano	PSOE
2007-2011	María Luisa Wic Serrano	PSOE
2011–2015	Magdalena Luque Canalejo	IU-LV-CA
2015–2019	Magdalena Luque Canalejo	IU-LV-CA
2019–2023	Magdalena Luque Canalejo	IU-LV-CA

Resultados de las elecciones municipales desde 1979:

Economy

Evolution of outstanding municipal debt

Graphic of evolution of living debt of the City of Pedro Abad between 2008 and 2019

Living debt of Pedro Abad City Council in thousands of Euros according to data from the Ministry of Finance and Ad. Public.