Penalty

Harry Kane representing England before propitiating a criminality to Colombia during the 2018 Football World Cup.

The penalti (from the English penalty and this in turn from the Latin poenalis), Penalty kick or penalty shot is the maximum penalty that can be applied in various ball sports, consisting of a shot without a barrier, from a predetermined distance (11 meters in football), with the opportunity to get a direct goal and with the only opposition from the goalkeeper.

Handball (handball)

A shot from the 7-meter line will be taken when a player from the other team avoids a clear goal situation through a foul, or deliberately enters their own goal area to intervene in play.

Field Hockey

In field hockey there are two plays with the prefix penalty: the penalty-stroke and the penalty-corner.

Penalty-stroke

It is the maximum penalty in this sport. It is whistled when a defender commits a foul inside the area preventing the possible achievement of a goal, or when, during the launch of a penalty-corner, a defender crosses the end line before what is allowed.

For the execution of the penalty-stroke, the time of the game will be stopped and all the players (except the kicker and the goalkeeper) must be behind the 23-meter line. The goalkeeper must be located on the goal line. The pitcher must throw without fouling after the umpire blows his whistle.

Penalty-corner

Penalty-corner is awarded when a defender commits a foul inside the area without preventing a goal being scored, or to a player without possession of the ball, when he commits a foul outside the area, but within the 23-meter zone who is defending, or when the ball lodges in his clothing or equipment inside the area.

For its execution, the ball is placed on the bottom line, 10 meters away from the goal. Of the offending team, only 4 players plus the goalkeeper may be behind the end line, under the goal, while the rest of the team must remain beyond the center line. The attacking player must pass the ball to another player who is outside the area so that he can shoot on goal and score a valid goal.

Roller Hockey

Fouls committed inside their own goal area are punished with a penalty.

During the execution, the goalkeeper must remain on the goal line, while the rest of the players will remain behind the opponent's penalty area line. The player who takes the shot, located on the penalty area line, will have 5 seconds to shoot directly at the goal without the referee having to whistle.

Ice Hockey

A penalty is awarded when a player, in possession of the puck, is fouled from behind, with no other opponent between him and the goalkeeper. The team against which the penalty is awarded does not receive any further sanction, that is, it does not have a numerical inferiority.

The throw is made by the same player who was fouled. He approaches skating with the puck from the center of the track and only before the goalkeeper does he try to score a goal.

Football

Penalti in a 2005 Confederation Cup match.

Any offense punishable with a direct free kick that is committed inside the penalty area is sanctioned with a penalty. The launch must be carried out placing the ball on the penalty spot, located 11 meters from the goal line. The goalkeeper of the penalized team must stand on the goal line, between the posts and under the goalposts (and remain there until the shot is taken), while his teammates and opponents (except the penalty taker) must remain outside the area, behind the penalty spot and 9.15 meters from that point until the time of the shot.

Only throws made with the foot and in which the attacking player does not touch the ball more than once will be valid. If after its release the ball hits the post, the player who made the release may not hit it again until another player intervenes. If the goalkeeper rejects, he can shoot again. Players may only enter the box after the ball has been kicked and has moved. In the event that the shooter stops just before he touches the ball with the intention of feinting the goalkeeper and then shoots (action called paradiña or paradinha), he will be penalized with a yellow card; Furthermore, if after this action the ball enters the goal, the throw must be repeated; in case the ball does not enter, the penalty will not be repeated.

Kicks from the penalty mark

When a tie ends in a tie after playing extra time, it will be converted to penalty kicks, which will decide the winner of the tie.

Among the players who finished the game, five from each team are chosen to take the kicks from the penalty spot. Each team will shoot, alternating a total of five shots, the winner being the one that scores the most goals in the shots. The most important detail that the pitcher must have will be to finish off the goal by swinging his leg only once and without feinting, reversing or dribbling in the run for the ball.

In the event that the tie persists, it will go to sudden death where the teams continue making a single throw, the winner being the one who manages to score in the same turn in which their rival does not. A player cannot take two kicks from the penalty spot unless all players on his team, including the goalkeeper, have taken at least one.

This form of tiebreaker is believed to have originated in the early 1950s, with evidence of the first official matches resolved in this way on that date. The oldest of these on record occurred in the 1952-53 Yugoslavia Cup round of 32. In it, Nogometni Klub Kvarner from Rijeka won the shootout 4-3.

In Spain they met for the first time in Cádiz to determine the winner of the Ramón de Carranza summer friendly trophy in its 1962 edition. on the spot instead of waiting another day to play a playoff game. The Barcelona Football Club beat Real Zaragoza after sixteen pitches. Despite this, it was not the first time that there was evidence of such a definition in Spanish territory, since almost a decade earlier, in 1955. It was in La Coruña in a match between the Real Club Deportivo de La Coruña and the Club de Regatas Brazilian Vasco da Gama, on tour in Europe, to honor Julián Cuenca. The cup put into play that the same honoree donated had its regulations, and the tiebreaker requirement in the event of finishing equal to goals at the end of extra time was stipulated that it be a penalty shootout:

“...if in the course of the regulatory time there was no winner, a 30’ extension would be played, at the end of which, and to keep the tie, the award of the trophy would be decided with the execution of penaltis, taking it the side that would mark more goals. ”

Rule of the party tribute to Julián Cuenca. Diary Mark. May 26, 1955.

In official competition in Spain they were not produced until the 1970-71 Copa del Generalísimo —current Copa del Rey—

Already in the second half of the 70s, FIFA established this formula to break the tie after extra time.[1]

History

Uwe Zötzsche writes a penalty for the Lokomotive Leipzig in 1986.

The invention of the penalty kick is attributed to the goalkeeper and businessman William McCrum in 1890, in Milford, Northern Ireland. The debut of the penalty kick was in the 1891-92 season and the first execution (resulting in a goal) of one was The work of "Papo Man Heath", of Wolverhampton Wanderers, in the match against Accrington at the Molineux Stadium on 14 September 1891.

Anecdotes

• In the 1976 Euro Cup, Czech player Antonín Panenka was responsible for converting the penalti that gave him the victory to his selection at the end of that competition against Federal Germany, but this shot took greater importance and fame due to the collection of this. It was thrown in 'vaselina' or 'gloobito' mode towards the center of the gateway and the doorman Sepp Maier could not do anything because it was thrown on his left side. On several occasions this shot has been imitated by several players, being the most famous Francesco Totti to the Netherlands at the Euro Cup 2000, Sebastián Abreu to Ghana at the 2010 World Cup Football, Alexis Sánchez to Argentina at the Copa América 2015 and, above all, Zinedine Zidane at the end of the 2006 World Cup Football Cup.
• The historic player of the Bolivian selection and champion of the Copa América of 1963, Víctor Agustín Ugarte, was a special kicker. In front of the ball, he stood on his back to the goalie, and he was shot with "taquito".
• On one occasion, while Johan Cruyff played for the Ajax of the Netherlands, he engineered a very unique way of charging a penalty. He consisted of gently touching the ball to his left in the form of a pass for his companion Jesper Olsen, who advanced to the gateway and then touched it back to Cruyff, so that he would turn in front of the empty gate.
• The largest number of criminals mistaken by the same player in the same match occurred on July 4, 1999, at the Copa América of that year played in Paraguay, when Martin Palermo failed for the Argentine team three criminals in the match against Colombia. The first one, at five minutes of the first time, crashed into the crossing. The second, at 30 at the same time, threw him off the crossroads. And finally, the third, at 44 minutes of the second time, was easily attacked by Miguel Calero, the goalkeeper of Colombia. The party won Colombia 3-0, and in total 5 criminals were sanctioned, three for Argentina and two for Colombia, but it was converted only one by Iván Córdoba, as Colombia also failed one of its two criminals. The most recent case was that of Sabino Sánchez Parra, on September 10, 2006, in the match for the third Liga day of Second Division B, group IV, which faced in the Cartagonova Stadium of Cartagena the FC Cartagena and Malaga B. Sabino threw the first penalty, which was stopped by the visiting goalkeeper. The referee sent back the launch and on the same side, he went back to err. He sent him again, and again on the same side, he failed. The party concluded with a 5-0 favorable to the FC Cartagena.
• On October 22, 2005, in the 10th day of the Premier League, in the match between the Arsenal and Manchester City, with a 1-0 marker favorable to the Arsenal, the player of the Arsenal Robert Pirès tried to emulate the collection of Cruyff, pretending to pass his companion Thierry Henry as a tribute, as the latter reappeared after a long injury. But Pirès couldn't play the ball strong enough to get him to Henry and the play ended in free shooting for Manchester City.
• The goals number 1000, both of Pelé and of Romário, were marked by penalties.
• The goal number 1000 of the World Cups was scored from the criminal point by Rob Rensenbrink in the party that his country Netherlands lost 3-2 to Scotland. The game was for the group phase of Argentina 1978 in the city of Mendoza.
• Both Michael Ballack's first and last goal with the German selection were criminal.

Football

A penalty will be awarded to the team that receives a foul punishable with a direct free kick inside the opponent's area.

The throw will be made from a point located 6 meters from the goal line, with the rest of the players remaining 5 meters behind said point.

Double penalty

Any technical foul from the fifth foul committed by the same team in the same period is punished with a double penalty.

Beach soccer

A penalty kick will be awarded when a foul is committed inside the penalty area, delimited by the first imaginary line closest to the goal.

For the launch, the ball will be placed on said imaginary line, at a point perpendicular to the center of the goal. Players not taking part in the throw must position themselves behind the ball, at a minimum distance of 5 meters from it.

Double penalty

Any technical foul (from the fifth) committed more than 12 meters from the goal line is punished with a double penalty.

The shot is made from a point located 10 meters from the goal. No player can be between the ball and the goal, except the goalkeeper, who must be at least 5 meters away from the ball.

Dimensions

The field is 40 m long by 20 m wide.

The goal is 2m high by 3m wide

Water polo

Any foul committed within the 5-meter area to avoid a probable goal will be punished with a penalty, as well as the intervention in the game of a sent-off player or the technical action of a member of the bench to avoid a probable goal.

The throw will be made from any point on the 5-meter line, by a player other than the goalkeeper. The rest of the players must remain behind, at least 1 meter away from the player who is going to launch.

Other sports

Other sports in which there is a penalty shot are:

• Goalball
• Rugby