Pelendones

Them movie They were a Celtibérico village that inhabited the region of the sources of the Duero, that is, north of the province of Soria, southeast of the Burgos and perhaps southeast of the province of La Rioja. In the south, they bordered the aravacs and in the north with the berons and Autrigones. Sources also use the name of cerindones to call them. According to Apiano, they were related to the Arévacos and the Numantinos. They were pushed to the northern part of Soria. The origin of this village is difficult to determine, they are assumed to be formed as other neighbors by proto-cells indoeuropeos and autochthonous since the Bronze Age along with other later arrivals from allende the Pyrenees during the period Hallstatt of the first half of the millennium B.C., long before the arrival of new Celtic elements that would lead to the creation of the Celtiberian culture The councils between Madaria and Orduña on the other side of the Ebro in Autrigón territory bear witness to their previous occupation, or subsequent refuge from part of their clans, as it is known, they would make among the Cantabris in the Plentuisians gene. The scholar Pedro Bosch Gimpera attributes to them a territory that spread, at least, from Ágreda to Salas de los Infantes, and from the Sierra de Cabrejas to the Picos de Urbión. The so-called "culture of the Sorian Castros" is attributed to the Pelendons.

Pliny cites the Numantines among the Pelendones, and the Greek-Egyptian Ptolemy assigns them three cities: Visontium, Savia and Augustóbrica, all three located more or less on the same meridian. Augustóbriga corresponds to the current Muro de Ágreda (Soria), Visontium would correspond to Vinuesa (Soria) but the location of Savia is unknown.

Borders

The incorporation of the Rioja region of Las Siete Villas (southwest of La Rioja, upper basin of the Najerilla River) to the Pelendón territory has no serious basis as it is based solely on an old map by Blas Taracena. Las Siete Villas lacks population forts, as well as references from Roman texts that place the Pelendones in the region; area that could be controlled by the Autrigones or perhaps, better, by the Berones from their cities in the Ebro basin, for example Tritium Magallum (current Tricio), located in the same basin of the Najerilla river. The fact that this area lacks of Celtiberian forts (like the entire high mountain range of La Rioja) could be due to a real absence of permanent settlements - or be of minimal size - given the poor conditions of the area for agriculture (strongly steep and ravine high mountain space)., as a strong agricultural base was always required for life in the towns. Living primarily off of livestock in the Iberian System in that period seemed impossible since this could not be done even today if it were not for the strong subsidies it receives. the sector. Only during the La Mesta period was there a livestock base in the area and for this it was necessary to practice transhumance, an economic system in which the livestock were only 4-5 months in the area -during the summer-, and the rest of the year in the south of the peninsula. The harsh climate of the area for much of the year prevented both the existence of sufficient pasture for livestock (due to frost), and access to pasture for livestock (snow and ice covering the ground). The study of the "forts" of the upper Iregua area, which had been speculated to belong to the Pelendón people, has given the opposite result: no Celtiberian forts have been found in the upper Iregua. On the contrary, the excavation of the fort of the Castillo de los Monjes -Lumbreras de Cameros (La Rioja) has shown that it corresponds to the Visigothic period (VII-VIII after Christ).

However, where there is a Celtiberian city that could belong to the Pelendones is on the southeastern border of La Rioja with Soria, in Aguilar de Río Alhama; This is the city of Contrebia Leucade.

Father Luciano Serrano locates the division of the pelendones with vacceos and arévacos in Santa María del Campo, Tordemoronta, Altos de Tordómar, Avellanosa de Muñó, Villafruela, Fontioso, Ciruelos de Cervera, Espinosa, Huerta del Rey, Espeja, Costalago, San Leonardo, Cabrejas, Muriel Viejo and western Numancia to Vinuesa. What were the limits of the diocese of Oca with those of Astorga-León, Palencia and Osma.

Cities

• Augustobriga: between Turiasu and Numancia. 3 km perimeter wall. It has municipal status. It is believed to be placed under the current Aggress Wall (Soria).
• Numancia: Plinio el Viejo lays it between the movies. A belligerent city that opposes resistance to the Romans. Publio Cornelio Escipión Emiliano will have to isolate and siege her to give her away for hunger after almost a year of siege. The remaining urbanism is Roman.
• Savia: no remains of this village have been found. It has been pointed out that it could correspond with Soria capital.
• Visontium: remains of the first Iron Age and Roman funeral inscriptions. You think you might be in the current Vinuesa (Soria).

These settlements were the castros, characteristic of the second Iron Age typical of the Indo-European culture. They are located in strategic places protected by nature and defended by a wall, a moat or hincated stones. Its dimensions are reduced. The houses are usually circular but there are also rectangular. Necropolises are associated with the culture of the urn fields.

Economy

Related to the place of occupation: the foothills of the Iberian System with the northern plateau. Farmers, ranchers and forestry economy.

Religion

We turn to archeology and epigraphy. There was a divinity related to the moon, the Celtic god Dis Pater. Divinities:

• Lugodes: related to the triad of the Celtic Pantheon.
• Matres: from the Celtic world, symbolize fertility.
• Drusuna: protector of the vegetable world.

There were certain characters who carried out the rituals and sacrifices. They performed the outdoor ceremonies. They believed in immortality, abandoning them in the battlefields so that the vultures would lead them to heaven.