Pataphysics
pataphysics is a French cultural movement from the second half of the XX century linked to the surrealism. The name comes from the work Deeds and opinions of Dr. Faustroll, pataphysician, by Alfred Jarry. Following his reading, some admirers began to practice a parodic science called pataphysics, dedicated “to the study of imaginary solutions and the laws that regulate exceptions”.
Etymology
The word «pataphysics» is a contraction of ἐπὶ τὰ μετὰ τὰ φυσικά («epí ta metá ta physiká»), which refers to «that which is “around” what is "beyond" physics.
Description
Pataphysics is based on the principle of the unity of opposites, and becomes a means of describing a complementary universe, made up of exceptions. In Alfred Jarry's universe, everything is abnormal, where the rule is the exception of the exception. The rule is the extraordinary, and that explains and justifies the existence of abnormality.
The same book Deeds and opinions of Dr. Faustroll, pataphysicist describes it as:
«Palaphysics is the science of imaginary solutions (...)».
In 1948, as a mockery of professional associations or academies of art and sciences, Mélanie Le Plumet, Oktav Votka and J-H Sainmont founded the College of Pataphysics, an organization dedicated to spreading pataphysics, which awarded bombastic titles to its members. Over the years, numerous artists were co-opted as "Satraps" and/or participants in the pataphysical college, including Raymond Queneau, Enrico Baj, Boris Vian, Eugène Ionesco, Jean Genet, Jacques Prévert, Joan Miró, Umberto Eco, Juan Esteban Fassio and Fernando Arrabal.
An American author, Pablo López, also created an addition to science called the patáphora (in particular, in Closet ' Pataphysics, 1990 and Pataphors, Hollins University, 1994). Les Carnets du Collège de ’Pataphysique no. 22 (december 2005) give a set of examples of photographically illustrated literary metaphors. And in March 2007, a journalist wrote an article for the Chilean newspaper Granvalparaiso about the use of metaphors by the Chilean government.[citation needed]