Palm d'or
The Palme d'Or (Palme d'Or, in French) is the highest award given by the Cannes Film Festival, and is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious awards in the film industry.
Between 1946 and 1954 it had not yet been created, so the Jury awarded the Grand Prix of the International Film Festival. It was created in 1954 at the initiative of Robert Favre Le Bret and was awarded for the first time in 1955. It is one of the most outstanding awards granted in the cinematographic circuit. It has been awarded sixty-eight times to ninety-six films, since in the early years it was awarded to several films at the same time, as in the festivals of 1946 and 1947, and in eleven other editions it has been awarded to two films at the same edition. Authors of twenty-seven nationalities have received it, the United States being the country with the most winners with fourteen award-winning authors, followed by Italy with twelve, the United Kingdom with nine, France with eight, and Japan and Denmark with four palms each.
History of the award
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The first Cannes Film Festival had to be canceled in 1939 due to the declaration of war that France and England made on Germany. Sixty-three years later, in the 2002 edition, the Jury awarded the prizes to that 1939 edition (the films had already been selected, but the war prevented the voting from taking place). The official website of the Festival takes as its first edition the one that took place in 1946, which is why at the end of 2015 there are 68 editions.
It has been awarded sixty-eight times to ninety-six films, since in the early years it was awarded to several films at the same time, as in the festivals of 1946 and 1947, and in eleven other editions it has been awarded ex aequo to two tapes in the same edition. Authors of twenty-seven nationalities have received it, the United States being the country with the most winners with fourteen award-winning authors, followed by Italy with twelve, the United Kingdom with nine, France with eight, and Japan and Denmark with four palms each.
The authors who have received the most palms, all with two, are: the Swedish Alf Sjöberg, the American Francis Ford Coppola, the Japanese Shohei Imamura, the Serbian Emir Kusturica, the Danish Bille August, the Belgians Luc and Jean-Pierre Dardenne, the German Michael Haneke and the British Ken Loach.
Critical and commercial prestige
Considered one of the most important cinematographic distinctions, its attribution includes important artistic, financial and media issues: a guarantee of quality for the French and international public, it allows its winner to obtain a worldwide reputation, easily find a distributor and multiply by ten or even a hundred the number of spectators in cinemas.
Design
In 1997, Caroline Scheufele, co-chairman and artistic director of Chopard jewelry, met Pierre Viot, then director of the Cannes Film Festival. When he was examining the trophy that was in Viot's office, he proposed to him to design a new version of the Palme d'Or. The following year, during the closing ceremony of the Festival, the new Palme d'Or was presented to the world with the appearance with which it is recognized today.
The Palme d'Or, whose motif is a direct reference to the palms of the famous Croisette and the arms of the city of Cannes, is made up of 118 grams of 18-karat yellow gold ethically Fairmined certified,[ citation needed] that has a heart shape at the base. For its preparation, a wax mold is used to which gold is injected, which is then polished until the desired finish is achieved, highlighting its fine leaves, which rest on a rock crystal cushion in the shape of an emerald-cut diamond with rock crystals that they are never identical.
Since then, Chopard and the Cannes Film Festival have formed a resplendent duo. In addition to the Palme d'Or and its two miniature versions, which since 2000 have honored the prizes for female and male interpretation, the House's workshops produce, for the first time, five "mini-Palmas" for recipients of the "Grand Prize", the "Prize for Staging", the "Script Prize", the "Jury Prize" and the "Palme d'Or for Short Film" awarded by the jury of the Cannes Film Festival. Until then, these five prizes were awarded through the delivery of a diploma.
Awards
| Year | Movie | Director | Country | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1939 | Pacific Union (Union Pacific) | Cecil B. DeMille |  United States | |
| 1940-1945 | Cancelled by the Second World War | |||
| 1946 | Torture (Hets) | Alf Sjöberg |  Sweden | |
| Unmarked days (The Lost Weekend) | Billy Wilder | United States | ||
| The earth will be red (De røde enge) | Bodil Ipsen & Lau Lauritzen Jr. |  Denmark | ||
| City bass (Neecha Nagar) | Chetan Anand |  India | ||
| Brief meeting (Brief Encounter) | David Lean | .svg){kind=small} United Kingdom | ||
| María Candelaria | Emilio Fernández | .png){kind=small} Mexico | ||
| The decisive point (Великий перелом, Veliky perelom) | Fridrikh Markovitch Ermler |  Soviet Union | ||
| Pastoral symphony (La symphonie pastorale) | Jean Delannoy | .svg){kind=small} France | ||
| Last chance (Die Letzte Chance) | Leopold Lindtberg |  Switzerland | ||
| Men without wings (Muži bez křídel) | František Čáp |  Czechoslovakia | ||
| Rome, open city (Rome, cyttà aperta) | Roberto Rossellini |  Italy | ||
| 1947 | Ziegfeld Follies | Vincente Minnelli | United States | |
| Luck escaped (Antoine et Antoinette) | Jacques Becker | France
| ||
| Dumbo | Ben Sharpsteen | United States
| ||
| Crossroads of hatred (Crossfire) | Edward Dmytryk | United States
| ||
| Fucking Les Maudits. | René Clément | France
| ||
| 1948 | The festival was not held (for financial matters) | |||
| 1949 | The third man (The Third Man) | Carol Reed | United Kingdom | |
| 1950 | The festival was not held (for financial matters) | |||
| 1951 | Miss Julie (Fröken Julie) | Alf Sjöberg | Sweden | |
| Miracle in Milan (Alberto Carlos) | Sica Vittorio | Italy | ||
| 1952 | Otelo (Othello) | Orson Welles | United States | |
| Two cents of hope (Due soldi di speranza) | Renato Castellani | Italy | ||
| 1953 | The salary of fear (Le Salaire de la peur) | Henri-Georges Clouzot | France | |
| 1954 | The gate of hell (Jigokumon) | Teinosuke Kinugasa |  Japan | |
| 1955 | Marty. | Delbert Mann | United States | |
| 1956 | The world of silence (Le monde du silence) | Jacques-Yves Cousteau " Louis Malle | France | |
| 1957 | The Great Test (Friendly Persuasion) | William Wyler | United States | |
| 1958 | When the storks pass (Leyat zhuravlí) | Mikhail Kalatózov | Soviet Union | |
| 1959 | Black Orfeo (Black Orfeu) | Marcel Camus | France | |
| 1960 | The dolce vita | Federico Fellini | Italy | |
| 1961 | A long absence (Une aussi longue absence) | Henri Colpi | France | |
| Viridiana | Luis Buñuel |  Spain Mexico | ||
| 1962 | Pledge Payer (or Promessian Payer) | Anselmo Duarte |  Brazil | |
| 1963 | Catpardo (Il gattopardo) | Luchino Visconti | Italy | |
| 1964 | The umbrellas of Cherbourg (Les Parapluies de Cherbourg) | Jacques Demy | France | |
| 1965 | The knack... and how to achieve it | Richard Lester | United Kingdom | |
| 1966 | A man and a woman (Un homme et une femme) | Claude Lelouch | France | |
| Ladies and gentlemen (Signore e signori) | Pietro Germi | Italy | ||
| 1967 | Blow-Up (A summer morning break) (Blow-Up) | Michelangelo Antonioni | Italy | |
| 1968 | Canceled by May 68 events | |||
| 1969 | If... | Lindsay Anderson | United Kingdom | |
| 1970 | M*A*S*H | Robert Altman | United States | |
| 1971 | The Messenger (The Go-Between) | Joseph Losey | United Kingdom | |
| 1972 | Workers go to heaven (The classe operaia goes in paradiso) | Elio Petri | Italy | |
| The Mattei case (Il Mattei case) | Francesco Rosi | Italy | ||
| 1973 | The Hireling | Alan Bridges | United Kingdom | |
| Scarecrow | Jerry Schatzberg | United States | ||
| 1974 | The Conversation | Francis Ford Coppola | United States | |
| 1975 | Chronicle of the Years of Fire (Chronique des années de braise) | Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina |  Algeria | |
| 1976 | Taxi Driver | Martin Scorsese | United States | |
| 1977 | Father Padrone | Paolo Taviani and Vittorio Taviani | Italy | |
| 1978 | The tree of the zuecos (L'albero degli zoccoli) | Ermanno Olmi | Italy | |
| 1979 | Apocalypse Now (Apocalypse Now / Revelation Now) | Francis Ford Coppola | United States | |
| The Canopy drum | Volker Schlöndorff |  German Democratic Republic | ||
| 1980 | All That Jazz (All That Jazz / Start Show) | Bob Fosse | United States | |
| Kagemusha | Akira Kurosawa | Japan | ||
| 1981 | The iron man (Czlowiek z zelaza) | Andrzej Wajda |  Poland | |
| 1982 | Missing (Missing) | Costa-Gavras | United States | |
| The Way (Yol) | Yılmaz Güney |  Turkey | ||
| 1983 | Narayama (Narayama bushiko) | Shohei Imamura | Japan | |
| 1984 | Paris, Texas | Wim Wenders |  Western Germany | |
| 1985 | Dad is on a business trip (Otac na službenom putu) | Emir Kusturica | .svg){kind=small} Yugoslavia | |
| 1986 | Mission (The Mission) | Roland Joffé | United Kingdom | |
| 1987 | Under the sun of Satan (Sous le soleil de Satan) | Maurice Pialat | France | |
| 1988 | Pelle the conqueror (Pelle erobreren) | Bille August | Denmark | |
| 1989 | Sex, Lies, and Videotape (Sex, lies and videotapes / Sex, lies and video) | Steven Soderbergh | United States | |
| 1990 | Wild heart (Wild at Heart) | David Lynch | United States | |
| 1991 | Barton Fink | Joel Coen & Ethan Coen | United States | |
| 1992 | Best intentions (Den goda viljan) | Bille August | Denmark | |
| 1993 | Goodbye to my concubine (Learning,, Ba wang bie ji) | Chen Kaige |  China | |
| The Piano (The piano / The piano lesson) | Jane Campion |  New Zealand | ||
| 1994 | Pulp Fiction (Pulp Fiction / Violent Times) | Quentin Tarantino | United States | |
| 1995 | Underground | Emir Kusturica | Yugoslavia | |
| 1996 | Secrets and lies (Secrets & Lies) | Mike Leigh | United Kingdom | |
| 1997 | The flavor of cherries (Ta'm e guilass) | Abbas Kiarostami |  Iran | |
| The eel (Unagi) | Shohei Imamura | Japan | ||
| 1998 | Eternity and one day (Mia aioniotita kai mia mera) | Theo Angelopoulos |  Greece | |
| 1999 | Rosetta | Brothers Dardenne |  Belgium | |
| 2000 | Dancing in the dark (Dancer in the Dark) | Lars von Trier | Denmark | |
| 2001 | The Child's Room (The Stanza del figlio) | Nanni Moretti | Italy | |
| 2002 | The pianist (The Pianist) | Roman Polanski | France | |
| 2003 | Elephant | Gus Van Sant | United States | |
| 2004 | Fahrenheit 9/11 | Michael Moore | United States | |
| 2005 | The child (L'enfant) | Brothers Dardenne | Belgium | |
| 2006 | The Wind that Shakes the Barley (The wind that caresses the meadow/The wind that shakes the barley) | Ken Loach | United Kingdom | |
| 2007 | Four months, three weeks and two days (4 luni, 3 saptamini si 2 zile) | Cristian Mungiu |  Romania | |
| 2008 | The class (between the murs) | Laurent Cantet | France | |
| 2009 | The white tape (Das weiße Band) | Michael Haneke |  Germany | |
| 2010 | Uncle Boonmee who remembers their past lives (Lung Bunmi Raluek Chat) | Apichatpong Weerasethakul |  Thailand | |
| 2011 | The tree of life (The Tree of Life) | Terrence Malick | United States | |
| 2012 | Amour | Michael Haneke |  Austria | |
| 2013 | The life of Adèle (La vie d'Adèle) | Abdellatif Kechiche | FranceBelgiumSpain | |
| 2014 | Winter Sleep | Nuri Bilge Ceylan | Turkey | |
| 2015 | Dheepan | Jacques Audiard | France | |
| 2016 | I, Daniel Blake | Ken Loach | United Kingdom | |
| 2017 | The Square | Ruben Östlund | Sweden | |
| 2018 | A family matter (Manbiki kazoku) | Hirokazu Koreeda | Japan | |
| 2019 | Parasites (Philippines, Gisaengchung) | Bong Joon-ho |  South Korea | |
| 2020 | Cancelled by coronavirus pandemic | |||
| 2021 | Titane | Julia Ducournau | FranceBelgium | |
| 2022 | Triangle of Sadness | Ruben Östlund | Sweden | |
Multiple awards
- 1946 " 1951 Alf Sjöberg (Sweden)
- 1974 " 1979 Francis Ford Coppola (USA)
- 1988 " 1992 Bille August (Denmark)
- 1985 " Emir Kusturica (Serbia)
- 1983 " 1997 Shohei Imamura (Japan)
- 1999 " Luc and Jean-Pierre Dardenne (Belgium)
- 2009 " 2012 Michael Haneke (Austria)
- 2006 & 2016 Ken Loach (Great Britain)
- 2017 & 2022 Ruben Östlund (Sweden)
Multiple nominations
- 14 nominations: Ken Loach
- 9 nominations: Carlos Saura - Lars von Trier
- 8 nominations: Joel Coen - Hermanos Dardenne - Jean-Luc Godard - Nanni Moretti
- 7 nominations: Robert Altman - Olivier Assayas - Marco Bellocchio - Luis Buñuel - Pietro Germi - Michael Haneke - Hou Hsiao-Hsien - Miklós Jancsó - Jim Jarmusch
- 6 nominations: Pedro Almodóvar - Nuri Bilge Ceylan - Vittorio De Sica - Arnaud Desplechin - James Ivory - Alain Resnais - Paolo Sorrentino - Andrzej Wajda
- 5 nominations: Theodoros Angelopoulos - Michelangelo Antonioni - Jacques Audiard - Clint Eastwood - Shohei Imamura - Chen Kaige - Abbas Kiarostami - Hirokazu Kore-eda - Emir Kusturica - Mike Leigh - Alf Sjöberg
- 4 nominations: Lindsay Anderson - Ingmar Bergman - Luis García Berlanga - Matteo Garrone - James Gray - Aki Kaurismäki - Joseph Losey - David Lynch - Delbert Mann - Nagisa Oshima - Satyajit Ray - Dino Risi - Francesco Rosi - Volker Schlöndorff - Martin Scorsese - Steven Soderbergh - Gus Vanwa Sant - Quentin Tarantino
- 3 nominationsJane Campion - Henri-Georges Clouzot - Ethan Coen - Francis Ford Coppola - Costa-Gavras - Xavier Dolan - Amos Gitai - Ruy Guerra - Alfred Hitchcock - Kon Ichikawa - Teinosuke Kinugasa - Masaki Kobayashi - David Lean - Lee Chang-dong
Honorary Palme d'Or
In 1997, on the occasion of the Festival's 50th anniversary, the Cannes jury awarded a "Palme des Palmes" for the first time.
| Year | Image | Artist | Profession | Nationality |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 |  | Ingmar Bergman | Director/Guionist | Sweden |
In 2002, the festival began sporadically awarding a non-competitive Palme d'Or to directors or actors who had achieved notable work but had never won a competitive Palme d'Or.
| Year | Image | Artist | Profession | Nationality |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 |  | Woody Allen | Director/Actor/Guionist | United States |
| 2008 | -Romanceor.jpg) | Manoel de Oliveira | Director | Portugal |
| 2009 |  | Clint Eastwood | Director/Actor | United States |
| 2011 |  | Bernardo Bertolucci | Director | Italy |
| 2015 | _(cropped).jpg) | Agnès Varda | Director | France |
| 2016 |  | Jean-Pierre Léaud | Director/Actor/Guionist | France |
| 2017 |  | Jeffrey Katzenberg | Animator/Productor | United States |
| 2019 |  | Alain Delon | Actor | France |
| 2021 |  | Jodie Foster | Actress | United States |
 | Marco Bellocchio | Director/guionist | Italy | |
| 2022 |  | Forest Whitaker | Actor | United States |
 | Tom Cruise | Actor | United States |
In the official selection of 2018, for the first time the jury decides to award a "special Palme d'or", in this case it was for the director Jean-Luc Godard.
| Year | Title | Original title | Director(s) | Nationality |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | The Picture Book | Le Livre d'image | Jean-Luc Godard | France, Switzerland |
Award acknowledgments by country
| Country | Gold palms | Grands prix | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States
| 13 | 9 | 22 |
| France
| 7 | 6 | 13 |
| Italy
| 5 | 7 | 12 |
| United Kingdom
| 4 | 6 | 10 |
| Japan
| 5 | 1 | 6 |
| Turkey
| 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Sweden
| 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Denmark
| 2 | 1 | 3 |
 Mexico
| 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Spain
| 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Germany
| 2 | 2 | |
| Austria
| 2 | 2 | |
| Belgium
| 2 | 2 | |
| Poland
| 2 | 2 | |
| Soviet Union
| 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Yugoslavia
| 2 | 2 | |
| Brazil
| 1 | 1 | 2 |
| South Korea
| 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Algeria
| 1 | 1 | |
| China
| 1 | 1 | |
| Greece
| 1 | 1 | |
| India
| 1 | 1 | |
| Iran
| 1 | 1 | |
| New Zealand
| 1 | 1 | |
| Romania
| 1 | 1 | |
| Switzerland
| 1 | 1 | |
| Czechoslovakia
| 1 | 1 | |
| Thailand
| 1 | 1 |