Pablo Neruda
Pablo Neruda, pseudonym and later legal name of Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto (Parral, July 12, 1904-Santiago, September 23, 1973), He was a Chilean poet and politician.
He is considered among the most prominent and influential artists of his century; In addition to having been a senator of the Chilean Republic, a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (PC), a pre-candidate for the presidency of his country and ambassador to France. In 1971 Neruda received the Nobel Prize for Literature "for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force gives life to the destiny and dreams of a continent. "Among his multiple recognitions, the honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford stands out..
The writer Gabriel García Márquez referred to him as "the greatest poet of the 20th century in any language" and the literary critic Harold Bloom noted: "No poet in the Western Hemisphere of our century admits of comparison with him", who considers him one of the twenty-six central authors of the canon of Western literature of all time.
Biography
Family
He was the son of the railway worker José del Carmen Reyes Morales and the schoolteacher Rosa Neftalí Basoalto Opazo, who died of tuberculosis on September 14, 1904. The following September 26, he was baptized in the parish of San José de Parral.
In 1906, José Reyes moved with his son to Temuco, where he married Trinidad Candia Marverde for the second time, who was called "mamadre" by Neruda and had been the mother of Rodolfo, born in 1895, also the son of José Reyes. In 1907 Laura was born, daughter of José Reyes and Aurelia Tolrá; later this girl was adopted by Trinidad Candia.
In Java on December 6, 1930, Neruda married the Dutch Maria Antonia Hagenaar Vogelzang, Maruca (Batavia, March 5, 1900-The Hague, March 27, 1965; she is cited as Maruca Reyes, Maruca de Reyes, and Maruca Neruda). From this union, a daughter was born in Madrid on August 18, 1934, Malva Marina Trinidad, who suffered from hydrocephalus. Neruda separated from Hagenaar in 1936 and divorced her from a distance, in Mexico in 1942, a divorce that was not accepted by Chilean justice. Malva died in Gouda (The Netherlands) on March 2, 1943, during the Nazi occupation, while Neruda was Consul General of Chile in Mexico.
Neruda married Delia del Carril in 1943, whom he divorced in 1955; and in 1966 with Matilde Urrutia Cerda.
Studies
In 1910 he entered the Temuco Men's High School, where he completed all his studies until finishing the 6th year of humanities in 1920. In March 1921 he settled in Santiago and began his studies in French pedagogy at the Pedagogical Institute of the University of Chile; Although he did not have great interest in pedagogy, he was interested in French to read poetry in that language.
Childhood and youth
The natural environment of Temuco, its forests, lakes, rivers and mountains marked the poetic world of Neruda; In said city he wrote a large part of the works that made up Crepusculario (1923), his first book of poems.
On July 18, 1917, he published his first article, Entusiasmo y perseverancia, in the Temuco newspaper La Mañana. In 1918 his poem "Mis ojos" appeared in the magazine Corre-Vuela, where three other of his poems were published. Between this year and 1922, he wrote articles that were published in the Temuco newspapers La Mañana and Diario Austral and in Temuco student literary magazines, the Cultural Magazine from Valdivia and Ratos Ilustrados from Chillán. and won third place in the Juegos Florales del Maule with his poem "Ideal Communion" or "Ideal Nocturne".
In 1920 he met Gabriela Mistral, then director of the Temuco Girls' High School, of whose meeting he recalled: "she made me read the first great names of Russian literature who had such an influence on me." He was elected president of the Temuco Men's High School Literary Athenaeum and pro-secretary of the Cautín Student Association. On November 28 of that year, he won first place in poetry at the Temuco Spring Festival.
The pseudonym "Pablo Neruda"
In October 1920 he began to definitively sign his works with the pseudonym Pablo Neruda, essentially with the purpose of avoiding the father's discomfort at having a poet son.
Although he never clarified the origin of his stage name, never refuted, or even supported, the conjecture that he chose it in honor of the Czech writer Jan Neruda,[citation required] of whom he would have read a story during those years that made a deep impression on him. However, Jan Neruda's work was published between 1857 and 1883, and it is unlikely that Neruda had access to translations then—instead, his nickname is presumed to be inspired rather by a character in the novel Scarlet Study (1887), by Arthur Conan Doyle, where, in chapter IV, the character Sherlock Holmes says he is going to listen to a concert by Norman-Neruda, a famous violinist, Guillermina María Francisca Neruda, married to the Swedish musician Ludwig Norman, then known as Wilma Norman-Neruda.
On October 14, 1921, he won first prize at the Chilean Student Federation's Spring Festival with the poem "La canción de fiesta", later published in the magazine Juventud.
In 1923 he published Crepusculario, praised by writers such as Hernán Díaz Arrieta, Raúl Silva Castro and Pedro Prado. In 1924 his famous Twenty love poems and a song of despair came to light, where an influence of modernism is still noticeable. Subsequently, a purpose of formal renewal, with an avant-garde intention, manifested itself in three short books published in 1926: The inhabitant and his hope, Rings (in collaboration with Tomás Lago) and Attempt of the infinite man.
In 1927 he began his long diplomatic career, being consul in Rangoon (Burma), from where he developed a notable correspondence with the Argentine writer Héctor Eandi. Later he was consul in Sri Lanka, Java, Singapore, Buenos Aires —where he met Federico García Lorca—, Barcelona —where he met Rafael Alberti— and Madrid. He proclaimed his poetic conception of that time, which he called "impure poetry", and experienced the powerful and liberating influence of surrealism.
In 1935 Manuel Altolaguirre gave Neruda the direction of the magazine Caballo verde para la poesía, where he was a companion of the poets of the Generation of '27. That same year the Madrid edition of Residence on earth.
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936; Moved by it and by the assassination of his friend García Lorca, Neruda became involved with the Second Republic movement, first in Spain and then in France, where he began to write España en el corazón (1937). That same year he returned to Chile, and his poetry during the following period was characterized by an orientation towards political and social issues, which reinforced his great book sales.
During the civil war, Neruda also met the Mexican poet Octavio Paz. Both became instant friends, but later, in Mexico, they had an altercation due to ideological differences, almost coming to blows. More than twenty years later they reconciled at the London International Poetry Festival. Paz would say regarding his colleague: «I whisper the name of Pablo Neruda and tell myself: you admired him, you loved him and you fought him. He was your dearest enemy ».
In 1939 he was appointed, by President Aguirre Cerda, special consul for Spanish immigration in Paris, where he stood out as the manager of the Winnipeg project, a ship that carried nearly 2000 Spanish immigrants from France to Chile. Shortly thereafter, he was assigned as consul general in Mexico, where he rewrote his Canto General de Chile transforming it into a poem from the South American continent. Canto General was published in Mexico in 1950, and also clandestinely in Chile. Composed of some 250 poems in fifteen literary cycles, it constitutes (in Neruda's own opinion) the central part of his artistic production. Shortly after it came out, it was translated into around ten languages. Almost all the poems that make it up were created in particularly difficult circumstances, when Neruda lived in hiding, since as a member of the Communist Party of Chile he was persecuted and accused of "violating the State Internal Security Law and insulting President González Videla"..
Political career
Neruda returned to Chile in 1943 —the year in which he married Delia de Carril, the Little Hormiguita, in Mexico, in a marriage that was not recognized by the Chilean courts because his divorce from Maruca was declared illegal—and two years later he received the National Prize for Literature. In March of that year, he was elected senator for the provinces of Tarapacá and Antofagasta. In July, he joined the Communist Party, where his two fiercest rivals were active, the poets Pablo de Rokha and Vicente Huidobro, with whom he would star for life. the most acid quarrels.
In the presidential elections of 1946, the Democratic Alliance, a coalition made up of radicals, communists and democrats, triumphed and brought Gabriel González Videla to power. The repression unleashed by the latter against the striking miners will lead Neruda to protest vehemently in the Senate.
The persecution unleashed by the González Videla government against its former communist allies, through the Law for the Permanent Defense of Democracy, culminated in the banning of the PC on September 3, 1948. Neruda then became the strongest antagonist of the president, giving speeches in the Senate and publishing anti-government articles abroad, since the communist daily El Siglo was under censorship.
Neruda strongly criticized González Videla, whom he called a "rat", accused him of being a friend of the Nazis during his years as ambassador in Paris whom he invited to elegant dinners at the Chilean embassy, of selling the country to American companies He even accused his wife, Rosa Markmann, of hiding her Jewish origins while they lived in Europe during World War II and of getting rich by buying diamonds from impoverished Europeans and marrying off their offspring into the richest families in South America.
Famous is his article «The democratic crisis in Chile is a dramatic warning for our continent», which was later known as «Intimate letter for millions of men», published in the newspaper El Nacional from Caracas. This led to the request of the Government to the courts for an impropriety against Senator Neruda for "denigrating Chile abroad and for slander and insult the President". and then into exile.
Exile
Neruda made the journey to escape political persecution during the fall of 1949. Before that, he lived for months in hiding between Santiago, Valdivia and the commune of Futrono, in Lake Huishue; then he crossed the Lilpela pass to Argentina on horseback; he nearly drowned while crossing the Curringue River.
In mid-April he arrived incognito in Paris and thanks to the protection of several friends, including Picasso, he managed to regularize his situation. He publicly reappeared at the closing session of the First Congress of the World Movement of Supporters of Peace, in which he was appointed a member of the World Peace Council. From Europe he undertakes numerous trips with his wife Delia del Carril: Czechoslovakia, Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary, Mexico, Romania, India, Italy, France, German Democratic Republic (GDR), Guatemala. At the Second Congress, held in Warsaw in November 1950, he received, along with Picasso, Paul Robeson and others, the International Peace Prize for his poem "Let the woodcutter wake up." Later, when he returned to Chile, he received the Stalin Peace Prize in 1953.
During his European exile he lived in Capri and Naples with his future wife Matilde Urrutia. There he received the news that he was no longer wanted and could return to Chile, where he returned on August 12, 1952. That same year, in Italy, he anonymously published Los versos del capitán edited by his friend Paolo Ricci.
Return to Chile
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In Chile Neruda, who was expected by his wife Delia del Carril, was received with several public events. In 1953 he received the Stalin Peace Prize and the following year he published Las uvas y el viento (where there is an elegy to Stalin) and Elementary Odes, in addition to making an important donation to the patrimony of the University of Chile, to which he donated his books and sea shells. This donation was divided into four sections: bibliographic (5,107 volumes), malacological (8,400 shells), newspaper (263 titles) and sound (155 records) and are guarded by the Andrés Bello Central Archive of this House of Studies.
In 1955 he separated from Delia, and began to live with Matilde Urrutia. Three years later he appeared Estravagario with a new change in his poetry.
On March 30, 1962, the rector Juan Gómez Millas and the Faculty of Philosophy and Education of the University of Chile granted him academic membership "in recognition of his vast poetic work of universal category" In 1965 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford, UK.
Only in 1966 was he able to marry Matilde after the death of Maruca, his first wife, in the Netherlands on March 27, 1965. The wedding took place in a simple civil and private ceremony at his home in Isla Negra, where it preserves its particular collections of shells and figureheads.
In 1969 he was named an honorary member of the Chilean Academy of Language and was named doctor honoris causa by the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. The Communist party chose him as a pre-candidate, but he resigned in favor of Salvador Allende, who became the sole candidate of the Popular Unity. The Allende government appointed him ambassador to France.
Nobel Prize in Literature
Aware of his poetic talent, Neruda began a strategy to win the Nobel Prize for Literature from the 1950s through periodical publications —Canto general (1950), Los versos del Captain (1952), The Grapes and the Wind (1954) and Elementary Odes (1954), among others—, appearances in the press, with columns and interviews, and high-level public relations, such as visits to presidents abroad; however, the key factor that helped him get the award was his political activism.
The Swedish Academy considered him a candidate for the award in:
- 1956, when he was postulated by André Joucar-Ruau, professor of literature at the University of Aix-en-Provence, and
- 1963, when proposed by Ragnar Josephson and Bengt Holmqvist. Then it was part of a list along with the British-American W. H. Auden, the Irish Samuel Beckett, the Japanese Yukio Mishima, the Danish Aksel Sandemose and the Greek Giorgos Seferis. Then he formed the final terna along with Auden and Seferis, to whom he was finally granted.
On October 21, 1971, Neruda was awarded the Nobel Prize "for a poetry that, through the action of an elemental force, gives life to the destiny and dreams of a continent." On the following October 23, the Chilean newspaper Clarín stated:
The whole country got excited. The broken pampinos, the peasants who make the land parir, the sheepmen of the Magellanic pampa, the fishermen challenging the ocean, the arriers, the miners, the construction workers, the women in their house stopping the pot, the intellectuals, the employees, all of us, from captain to landscape, we feel more important, more Chilean.
The poet traveled to Stockholm to receive him on December 10. In his memoirs I confess that I have lived (1974, posthumously), the poet recalls:
The monarch old man gave us the hand to each one; he gave us the diploma, the medal and the [...] It is said (or they told Matilde to impress her) that the king was more time with me than with the other laureates, who tightened my hand with evident sympathy. Perhaps it has been a reminiscent of the old palatial kindness towards the jugulars.
Death
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His last public appearance was on December 5, 1972, when the Chilean people paid tribute to the poet at the National Stadium. In February 1973, for health reasons, he resigned as ambassador to France.
After the military coup on September 11, his health worsened and on the 19th he was rushed from his home in Isla Negra to Santiago, where he died at the Santa María Clinic at 10:30 p.m. on September 23.
Neruda's home in Santiago was ransacked after the coup led by General Augusto Pinochet and his books were set on fire. The poet's funeral was held at the General Cemetery. The members of the leadership of the Communist Party attended it, despite being persecuted by the regime. Although the attendees were surrounded by soldiers armed with machine guns, defiant shouts of homage to him and Salvador Allende could be heard, along with the intonation of La Internacional. After the funeral, many of the attendees who were unable to flee ended up joining the lists of those who had disappeared due to the dictatorship.
His remains first rested in the Dittborn family mausoleum, which had given them a space, and seven months later they were moved to niche 44 of the Mexico module.
On December 11, 1992, the remains of Neruda and Matilde Urrutia were exhumed and taken for a ceremonial wake in the Hall of Honor of the former National Congress. The following day the poet's wish was fulfilled: that his remains be buried in his house in Isla Negra. That place and all the other belongings are now museums managed by the Pablo Neruda Foundation.
In 2011, an article collected statements by Manuel Araya Osorio, the poet's assistant from November 1972 until his death, who claimed that Neruda had been murdered in the clinic after being given a lethal injection. The Pablo Neruda Foundation denies this information. On May 31, the Chilean Communist Party requested an investigation from the courts to determine the causes of the poet's death.
In 2013 Judge Mario Carroza, who had previously opened an investigation to clarify the circumstances of Neruda's death, ordered, after 20 months of interrogations and expert examinations, the exhumation of the poet's body. The Neruda Foundation, which At first he was opposed to it because he considered it a desecration, he finally accepted it, declaring that he was confident that "the thanatological examination will help to clarify any doubts that may exist regarding the death of the poet". The preparations for the exhumation They began in Isla Negra on April 6 with the installation of a tent in the place of his burial and on the 8th the procedure was carried out, which lasted one hour and eighteen minutes; That same day the remains of the poet arrived at the Legal Medical Service of Santiago, with a view to analysis to be carried out in Chilean and foreign laboratories.
In November, Patricio Bustos, director of Chile's Medical Legal Service, released the results of toxicological tests carried out in the United States and Spain, which ruled out that Neruda had been poisoned and confirmed that he died of advanced cancer of the prostate. However, Rodolfo Reyes, the poet's nephew, insisted that third parties were involved in Neruda's death and announced that they would request new proceedings. In 2015, the Human Rights Program of the Chilean Ministry of the Interior handed over Carroza a report written by Francisco Ugás Tapia, Rodrigo Lledó Vásquez and Hugo Pavez Lazo —executive secretary, head of the Legal Area and lawyer, respectively, of said Program— in which they concluded that "it is clearly possible and highly probable that the intervention of third parties in death" of Neruda. However, the Neruda Foundation, through its executive director Fernando Sáez, stated in this regard that "this news is not news", that it is "a presumption of theirs& #3. 4; and that any reliable information about the death of the poet now depends on scientific results.
Doubts about the cause of Neruda's death persisted because, according to reports in May 2015, Spanish specialists had found golden staphylococcus in the poet's remains, a bacterium unrelated to cancer treatments and which, when altered, is highly toxic and can hasten the death of a person. Two laboratories, one in Canada and the other in Denmark, began a series of expert reports in February 2016 to try to determine whether or not there was alteration of staphylococcus.
The Pablo Neruda Foundation, meanwhile, had begun to request since 2015, after more than two years of the exhumation ordered by Judge Mario Carroza, the return of the body so that it could return to its tomb in the patio of the Isla Negra house. After obtaining the necessary samples for future expert opinions, the judge ordered the reburial of the remains of the Chilean Nobel Prize on March 3, 2016; and the reburial was held on April 26 of that year, after the day a popular funeral was held in the former National Congress organized by Rodolfo Reyes, Pablo Neruda's nephew. Bernardo Reyes, great-nephew, and the Foundation criticized this act, which was attended by artists and political figures such as the then presidents of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, Ricardo Lagos Weber and Osvaldo Andrade respectively. "It seems completely absurd to us that a judicial act such as the return of the remains, which we requested a year ago, ends up doing this," the executive director explained the non-participation of the Foundation in that event..
On October 20, 2017, the international panel of experts confirmed that Pablo Neruda did not die of cancerous cachexia as stated on his death certificate.
Style
Neruda's literature distinguishes different stylistic periods. Since his work Canto general (1950), the author has limited himself to the so-called Soviet socialist realism, promoted by Andrei Zhdanov, and in which Neruda would reach his culmination with The grapes and the wind (1954).
Works
Published while alive
- Summary. Santiago, Editions Claridad, 1923.
- Twenty poems of love and a desperate song. Santiago, Editorial Nascimento, 1924.
- Tentative of infinite man. Santiago, Editorial Nascimento, 1926.
- The inhabitant and his hope. Novel. Santiago, Editorial Nascimento, 1926.
- Rings. Santiago, Editorial Nascimento, 1926. (Poetic process of Pablo Neruda and Tomás Lago.)
- The enthusiastic mushroom. Santiago, Company Letras, 1933.
- Residence on Earth (1925–1931). Madrid, Editions del Árbol, 1935.
- Spain in the heart. Hymn to the glories of the people in war: (1936–1937). Santiago, Ediciones Ercilla, 1937.
- New song of love to Stalingrad. Mexico, 1943.
- Third residence (1935-1945). Buenos Aires, Losada, 1947.
- General chant. Mexico, Graphic Workshops of the Nation, 1950.
- The Captain's verses. Print L'Arte Typegrafica, Napoli, 1952, 184 pp.
- All love. Santiago, Editorial Nascimento, 1953.
- The grapes and the wind. Santiago, Editorial Nascimento, 1954.
- Elementary waves. Buenos Aires, Editorial Losada, 1954.
- New elementary waves. Buenos Aires, Editorial Losada, 1955.
- Third book of the waves. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1957.
- Strange. Buenos Aires, Editorial Losada, 1958.
- Navigation and returns Buenos Aires, Editorial Losada, 1959.
- Hundred sonnets of love. Santiago, Editorial Universitaria, 1959.
- Song of gestation. Havana, National Printer of Cuba, 1960.
- Poesías: The stones of Chile. Buenos Aires, Editorial Losada, 1960.The Stones of Pablo Neruda
- ceremonial songs. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1961.
- Black Island Memorial. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1964. 5 volumes.
- Bird art. Santiago, Editions Society of Friends of Contemporary Art, 1966.
- Fulgor and death of Joaquín Murieta. Santiago, Zig-Zag, 1967. The work was written with the intention of serving as a libretto for an opera by Sergio Ortega.
- The Barcarola. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1967.
- The hands of the day. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1968.
- Dining in Hungary. Editorial Lumen, Barcelona, 1969. (In cooperation with Miguel Ángel Asturias)
- End of the world. Santiago, Edition of the Society of Contemporary Art, 1969. With illustrations by Mario Carreño, Nemesio Antúnez, Pedro Millar, María Martner, Julio Escámez and Oswaldo Guayasamín.
- Still. Editorial Nascimento, Santiago, 1969.
- Maremoto. Santiago, Society of Contemporary Art, 1970. With Xilographs of Carin Oldfelt Hjertonsson.
- The sword lit. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1970.
- The stones of the sky. Editorial Losada, Buenos Aires, 1970.
- Speech by Stockholm. Alpignano, Italy, A. Tallone, 1972.
- Infruit Geography Buenos Aires, Editorial Losada, 1972.
- The rose separated. Éditions du Dragon, Paris, 1972 with engravings by Enrique Zañartu.
- Inciting Nixonicidio and Praiseing the Chilean Revolution. Santiago, Empresa Editora Nacional Quimantú, Santiago, 1973.
- Geography of Pablo Neruda. Editorial Aymá, Barcelona, 1973. Neruda autographs, photos of Sara Facio and Alicia D'Amico.
- Hymn and return
- Wake up the wooder
- Tentative of infinite man
Discography
- Bird art (1966, with Angel Parra)
Posthumous publication
- The sea and the bells. Editorial Losada, Buenos Aires, 1973
- 2000. Editorial Losada, Buenos Aires, 1974
- Elegía. Editorial Losada, Buenos Aires, 1974.
- The yellow heart. Editorial Losada, Buenos Aires, 1974
- Winter garden. Editorial Losada, Buenos Aires, 1974.
- I confess I've lived. Memories. Barcelona, Seix Barral, 1974. (autobiography)
- Question book. Editorial Losada, Buenos Aires, 1974.
- Letters of love of Paul Neruda. Editions Rodas, Madrid, 1975.
- To be born. Editorial Seix Barral, Barcelona, 1978.
- Letters to Laura. Centro Iberoamericano de Cooperación, Madrid, 1978.
- Selected poetry. Library Nobel Prizes. Aguilar S.A. of editions, 1980.
- The invisible river Editorial Seix Barral, Barcelona, 1980.
- Neruda/Eandi, Correspondence During Residence on the Land. Editorial Sudamericana, Buenos Aires, 1980.
- The end of the journey. Editorial Seix Barral, Barcelona, 1982.
- Fundamental anthology, prologue of Jaime Quezada and selection of Jorge Baroos, Andrés Bello, 1997
- Pablo Neruda, Parliamentary Speech (1945-1948). Editorial Antártica, Santiago, 1997.
- Pablo Neruda, Temuco Notebooks Seix Barral, Buenos Aires.
- Pablo Neruda, Prologists. Editorial Sudamericana, Santiago, 2000.
- Pablo Neruda, Epistolario viajero. (1927-1973), Editorial RIL, Santiago, 2004.
- Pablo Neruda in O Cruzeiro International. Editorial Puerto de Palos, Santiago, 2004.
- Pablo Neruda. I respond with my work: Conferences, Speeches, Letters, Declarations (1932 - 1959). Editions Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain, 2004.
- Pablo Neruda, J.M. Coetzee, W. Faulkner, Doris Lessing, G.G. Marquez, Speeches, Alpha Decay, Barcelona, 2008.
- General Anthology, Real Academia Española, Asociación Chilena del Libro y Hernán Loyola, Alfaguara, Santiago de Chile, 2010.
- Extensive skin, anthology aimed at a youth audience, gathers fifty-five poems in seven thematic sections; compilation of Gerardo Beltrán and Abel Murcia with illustrations by Adolfo Serra; Edelvives, Madrid, 2013
Tributes
- 1965 - Jorge González Camarena - A section of his verses is in the mural Presence of Latin Americathose who belong to the poem AmericaFrom the book Party song.
- 1986 - Alberto Cortez - "I lost your address", song tribute to the album Dreams and Chimeras.
- 2011 - Rayden - «If you go», homage song.
Albums
- 1969 - Istros (Danai sings to Neruda) (by Danai Stratigopoulou)
- 1974 - Natural History of Pablo Neruda by Vinicius de Moraes, Quarteto Em Cy & Toquinho, show recorded live at the Teatro Tuca de São Paulo.
- 1977 - Paco Ibáñez sings to Pablo Neruda
- 1980 - General song directed by Mikis Theodorakis (double disco, Maria Farantoúri and Petros Pendis)
- 1981 - Altitudes of Machu Picchu by The Jaivas
- 1999 - Mariner on Earth Vol. 1. Tribute to Pablo Neruda(Collective work of several artists)
- 2004 - Mariner on Earth Vol. 2. Tribute to Pablo Neruda(Collective work of several artists)
- 2004 - Neruda in the heart (CD and DVD, various artists)
- 2004 - Just love (by Angel Parra)
Performing Arts
- Pablo Neruda was personified by Roberto Parada in the film Burning patience (1983)—a work that proposes the relationship between the poet and his mailman in his last years of life (1969-1973)—a fiction created by Antonio Skármeta. In the adaptation to the theatre, it was represented by Julio Jung; in the Italian version Neruda's mailman (1994), was personified by French actor Philippe Noiret; and at the opera Il postino, premiered in Los Angeles, California in 2010, was represented by Plácido Domingo.
- In the Chilean National Television series From Naphtali to Paul (2004), Neruda was interpreted as a child by Diego Gamboa; a teenager by Danny Foix; a university student by Juan Pablo Ogalde; and an adult by Diego Ruiz.
- In the movie Neruda, diary of a fugitive (2014) — a work that deals with the escape of the poet in 1948 and the persecution of the communists decreed by the government of Gabriel González Videla — by Manuel Basoalto, was interpreted by José Secall.
- In the movie Neruda (2016), by Pablo Larraín, was interpreted by Luis Gnecco.
Others
- Throughout Chile there are 39 educational establishments that bear their name; Temuco's is the largest municipal lyce in the Araucanía Region.
- In 2004, Temuco's former machine house (ferroviary training) was transformed into the Pablo Neruda National Railway Museum, in honor of the hobby that the poet always showed for the railway world.
- Numerous streets bear their name: in Santiago de Chile 20, in Temuco, one of the main avenues of the city; in Buenos Aires 1; in Mexico 3 and in France 57.
- The Ministry of National Property launched, on the occasion of the 110 years of the poet's birth, the Patrimonial Route Huellas of Pablo Neruda in Temuco.
| Predecessor: Mariano Latorre | National Literature Award 1945 | Successor: Eduardo Barrios |
| Predecessor: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn |  1971 | Successor: Heinrich Böll |
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