Oscar awards

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Award —in English, Academy Award—, popularly known as the Oscar Awards, is an annual award granted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (in English, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences; AMPAS) in recognition of the excellence and social activism of professionals in the film industry that includes actors, directors and writers, widely considered the highest honor in cinema. The Oscar is officially known as the "Academy Award of Merit" and is the main of the nine awards that the Academy awards. organization.

The formal ceremony at which the awards are presented is one of the most prominent and prestigious ceremonies in the world, broadcast live annually to more than 100 countries. It is also the oldest awards ceremony in the media, and its equivalents: the Grammy started in 1959 (in music); the Emmy, started in 1949 (on television), and the Tony, started in 1947 (on the stage), have followed the Academy model.

AMPAS was originally envisioned by Louis B. Mayer, president of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, as an organization that would enhance the public image of the motion picture industry and help mediate labor disputes. The Oscars were later created by the Academy as an award "for meritorious achievement" in the motion picture industry.

The first awards ceremony took place on May 16, 1929, at the Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles, honoring film achievements from 1927 to 1928. The ninety-second ceremony took place on February 9 2020 at the Dolby Theatre, honoring the achievements of the film industry in 2019.

History

Director John Ford and his Oscar in 1940.

The first ceremony was presented on May 16, 1929, at a private luncheon at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, with an audience of about 270 people. The party held after the ceremony was held at the Mayfair Hotel. The cost of the tickets for the guests to the ceremony was five dollars. Fifteen statuettes were delivered, and artists, directors and other personalities from the film industry were awarded for their works, released between 1927 and 1928.

Although the Academy of Motion Picture Arts was created in 1927 by 36 Hollywood personalities, the statuette representing its award was crafted the following year by Metro Goldwyn Mayer set designer Cedric Gibbons and, according to some sources, the Mexican actor and director Emilio Fernández (El Indio Fernández) served as a model to draw the sketch. The name Oscar was coined by the American actress Margaret Herrick, when she mentioned that the man in the statuette looked like her uncle Oscar of hers.

Winners were announced three months prior to the ceremony; however, this changed after the second award ceremony, in 1930. From then on and for the first decade, the results were delivered to newspapers for publication at 11 p.m. m., during the ceremony. This method was superseded after the Los Angeles Times notified the winners before the ceremony began. For this reason, since 1941 sealed envelopes with the names of the winners began to be used.

During the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period was extended by two years. For example, the second ceremony, which took place on April 3, 1930, recognized films that were released between August 1, 1928, and July 31, 1929. Beginning with the seventh ceremony, held in 1935, the eligibility period was the immediately preceding year, from January 1 to December 31.^{[citation required]}

Starting in 1931, the award became popularly known as the Oscar. After 1934, the films released between January 1 and December 31 prior to the delivery of the statuette would compete. Starting in 1935, a democratizing trend began: Frank Capra directed the Academy, and tried to avoid pressure from the large production companies and the favoritism of Academy members.^{[citation required]}

Finally, on May 4, 1927, some 36 professionals from the film industry called a meeting to create the "Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences", with the aim of "improving the quality art of cinema, creating a common platform for the different branches and professions of the industry, promoting technical research and cultural progress". Today there are already more than 5,000 members who work in the Academy.^{[citation required]}

One of the circumstances that contributed to these awards becoming more popular was that they were born in the transition period between silent films and talkies. For this reason, in the first ceremony all the selected tapes were silent. The following year, the sound flooded the delivery of the Oscars; therefore, it is not strange that a musical like Harry Beaumont's Broadway Melodies was successful.^{[citation needed]}

The first actor to be honored was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. However, the actor had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the statuette earlier; this made Jannings the first Oscar winner in history. Individuals who were honored received their award for all work completed in a specific category during the qualification period; for example, Jannings received an Oscar for two films that he starred in during that period. Starting from the fourth ceremony, the system changed and people began to be recognized for a particular performance in a single film. Until the eighty-third ceremony, held in 2011, a total of 2,809 statuettes have been awarded for 1,853 awards. Likewise, a total of 302 actors have won the Oscar in acting categories or in honorary or youth categories.

Ben Hur (1959), Titanic (1997) and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) are the films with the most Oscars to their credit, with 11 awards each. The film Beau Geste, from 1939, is the only film that contains at least four Oscar-winning actors in the category of best actor or actress in a leading role (Gary Cooper, Ray Milland, Susan Hayward and Broderick Crawford) before any of them had won the award.

Walt Disney is the character who has won the most Academy Awards: 22 Oscars for his film work and 4 honorary awards.

Two actors have won an Oscar after their deaths: British actor Peter Finch, for the film Network (1976), and actor Heath Ledger, for the film The Dark Knight (2009).

The actress who has won the most Oscars is Katharine Hepburn, the actress has 4 statuettes to her credit. The actress with the most nominations is Meryl Streep, with 21 mentions. The living person with the most nominations is composer John Williams, who achieved his 50th nomination in 2016, winning the award five times.

At the 29th ceremony, which took place on March 27, 1957, the category of best foreign film was introduced. Until then, these films were awarded with a special prize.^{[citation required]}

Statuette

Design

The actors Christian Bale, Natalie Portman, Melissa Leo and Colin Firth — from left to right—, winners in the interpretative categories in the 83rd edition holding the Oscar; February 27, 2011.

Although the AMPAS awards other awards annually, the best known is the "Academy Award of Merit", also called the "Oscar Award". The trophy consists of a gold-plated Britannia metal statuette on a black metal base, 34 centimeters high and 3.85 kilograms in weight, showing a nude art deco-style knight, who keeps his arms crossed holding a sword over a five-spoke roll of film. These spokes represent the five original branches of the Academy: actors, writers, directors, producers, and technicians.

Seven other awards include the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award, Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, Gordon E. Sawyer Award, Scientific or Technical Merit Award, Technical Achievement Award, John A. Bonner Medal of Merit, and Award Academy Youth Award), plus two others that do not have an annual periodicity (the Special Academy Award and the Honorary Award, which may or may not be in the form of an Oscar statuette).

In 1928, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer art director Cedric Gibbons—one of the Academy's original members—supervised the design of the award from a sketch on paper. Needing a model for his statue, Gibbons was presented by his future wife Dolores del Río to the Mexican actor and director Emilio "El Indio" Fernandez. Hesitant at first, Fernández was finally convinced to pose nude to create what is now known as the Óscar. Sculptor George Stanley designed the statuette in clay and was cast by Sachin Smith using 92.5% tin and 7.5% gold-plated copper. The only modification applied to the statuette since its creation is a minor change to its metal base. The original Oscar mold was made in 1928 at the C.W. Shumway & Sons in Batavia, Illinois, where the molds for the Vince Lombardi trophy statuettes and the Emmys have also come from. Since 1983, the statuettes (about 50 per edition) have been made at the R.S. Owens & Company, located in Chicago.

After the intervention of the United States in the Second World War, the statuettes delivered between 1942 and 1945 were made with plaster; after the war, these were replaced by the original ones.

Name

The origin of the name "Óscar" is still hotly debated. A biography of actress Bette Davis states that the statuette was named after her first husband, Oscar Nelson; one of the first mentions of the statuette as "the Oscar" dates back to 1934, in an article by the TIME magazine about the sixth awards ceremony. In 1932, Walt Disney was quoted as having thanked the Academy for the Oscar he won that year.

A widely held version of the statuette's name originated in 1931, when the Academy's executive secretary, Margaret Herrick, first saw the award and made a reference to her "Uncle Oscar" (a nickname for her cousin Oscar Pierce). Columnist Sidney Skolsky, who was present when Margaret Herrick named the statuette, adopted the name in one of his articles which read: "Employees have affectionately named their famous statuette Oscar."

Finally, in 1939, the award was officially called "Oscar" by AMPAS. Another version about the origin of the name originated with Eleanor Lilleberg, executive secretary of Louis B. Mayer, who upon seeing the statuette exclaimed: "it looks like King Oscar II!".

Ownership of statuettes

Since 1950, the statuettes have been legally accepted so that neither the winner nor their heirs can sell them without first offering them to the Academy for the established price of one dollar. If the winner refuses to accept said provision, the Academy will keep the statuette. Oscar statuettes that were not protected under this law were sold at public and private auctions for sums in excess of six figures. In December 2011, the Oscar that Orson Welles won for Citizen Kane in 1941 was auctioned after his heirs won a legal dispute in 2004 that Welles did not sign to return the statuette to the Academy.

As long as the Oscar is owned by the winner, it cannot be sold on the market. Michael Todd's grandson tried to sell his Oscar to a collector in 1989, but the Academy went to court where it was finally able to recover the Oscar. statuette. Although, in many cases, the sale of an Oscar is effectively carried out in the regular market, many of the buyers decide to return the statuette to the Academy, where it is kept in its treasury.

Candidacies

Ticket for the sexagésima -60°- award ceremony.

Since 2004, Oscar nominees have been announced in public at the end of January; before 2004 they were announced in early February.

Voters

In 2012, AMPAS concentrated about 5783 members willing to vote. These members are divided into different branches, which represent the different disciplines contained in the making of a film. Actors make up the largest voting bloc, with 1,311 members, about 22% of the Academy's composition. The votes have been audited by the firm PricewaterhouseCoopers during the last 73 ceremonies.

All AMPAS members must be invited to the Board of Governors, representing the Executive Committee of the Academy. Members may be chosen based on a nomination or for their contributions to film.

The inclusion of new members is studied annually. The Academy does not make public the names of its new members, despite the fact that in 2007 they were revealed through a press release. In said communiqué it was also announced that the number of voters amounted to no more than 6,000 people. While the number of members has grown each year, different policies have been implemented to keep said number constant.

In May 2011, the Academy sent a letter to its members to inform them of the implementation of a new online voting system, which would be implemented starting in 2013.

Rules

Currently, under rules #2 and #3 of the Official Academy Awards Rules, a film must open in Los Angeles County (with the exception of foreign films) between January 1 and January 31 December of the previous year, both inclusive, in order to compete. Thus, the Oscar-winning film for Best Film of 2010, The Hurt Locker, was released for the first time in 2008, but could not participate in the 2009 awards because it did not open in Los Angeles until that same year, so it would ultimately compete at the 2010 ceremony. In 2020, due to the coronavirus pandemic, the board of governors of the Academy of Arts and Sciences Cinematographic has agreed that films will be allowed to qualify to enter the competition without the need to have been screened for a week in a Los Angeles-area theater, since theaters in most of the United States will be closed in 2020.

Rule #2 stipulates that feature films must be at least 40 minutes long and be on 35mm or 70mm format, or in 24 or 48 frames per second formats, through digital scanning at native resolution in format not less than 1280x720.

Producers must fill out an online form to submit their film for a certain period as a condition for the film to be considered eligible at the following ceremony. The form includes movie credits for all award categories, then each form is checked and added to the list of "Eligible Achievements."

At the end of December, copies of said list with their respective ballots are sent to the members of the Academy. For most categories, members can only vote based on which branch they belong to, meaning writers only vote for writers, directors for directors, actors for actors, etc. In the case of certain categories such as best foreign film, best animated film and best documentary, the Oscar nominees are chosen by a special committee made up of some members of all branches. In the case of the best film category, all the Academy members can vote. Foreign films must include English subtitles and each country can only present one film per year, these films are subjected to filters until the finalists who will compete for the statuette are obtained.

In the first round of voting, members choose the nominees from their respective branches, except for the Best Picture category where everyone can vote. Winners are chosen in the second round, where all members can vote in most categories, including Best Picture.

Due to the coronavirus in 2020 and in view of the awards ceremony in 2021, the Oscars will allow films released online to compete this year exceptionally, in order to be eligible to the prizes.[2]

Ceremony

Transmission

Awards Ceremony Oscars

First - 1st ceremony, 1929.

Twenty-sixth-26th ceremony, 1954.

Sexagésima -60°- ceremony, 1988.

Sixth first - 61st - ceremony, 1989.

Octogésima primera -81°- ceremonia, 2009.

Most ceremonies are broadcast live, often between February and March, six weeks after the candidates are revealed. The ceremony recognizes achievements in cinematography from the previous year and is the culmination of the awards season, which kicks off between November and December. The ceremony begins with the red carpet, where candidates and guests parade, wearing suits and dresses that are at the forefront of fashion; The black tuxedo is the most common suit among men since the beginning of the awards, sometimes the tie is replaced by the bow tie and on many occasions, some musical artists opt for other options. It is very common for the singers who composed and/or recorded the Oscar-nominated songs to perform at the ceremony, this to promote the audience rating of the transmission.

The Academy Awards are broadcast throughout the United States (with the exception of Hawaii; in Alaska the first broadcast took place in 2011), Canada, the United Kingdom, and almost the entire world, gathering millions of viewers around the world. world. In 2007, the ceremony was viewed by nearly 40 million Americans. Other award ceremonies (such as the Emmys, the Golden Globes, or the Grammys) are broadcast live on the East Coast and pre-recorded on the West Coast, and the broadcast may or may not be broadcast on the same day as the award in North America. The Academy has claimed for several years that its audience has reached one billion (in the English sense of the word, that is, one billion) people, but this has not been confirmed by other sources.

The first televised broadcast of the Oscars was in 1953, on NBC. This chain continued broadcasting until 1960, when it passed into the hands of ABC, which then passed back into the hands of NBC between 1970 and 1976, to return to ABC, which has a transmission contract until 2020.

After more than 60 years of taking place between March and April, in 2004 the ceremonies were brought forward to late February or early March to interrupt the intense publicity caused by the awards. Another reason was to avoid the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship, which was reducing the audience for the ceremony. However, having the ceremony take place between February and March has been an advantage for ABC, as it coincides with the Nielsen Company's ratings measurement periods. In some years, the ceremony was held in early March so as not to interrupt the Winter Olympics.

Advertising is somewhat restricted, since neither the studios nor the competitors that are official sponsors of the awards can broadcast commercials during the ceremony. The awards broadcast has the distinction of owning the most Emmy Awards in history, with 47 wins and 195 nominations, more than any other television show.

After many years of the ceremony taking place on Mondays at 9:00 p.m. m. (6:00 PM Pacific US), in 1999 the ceremonies began broadcasting on Sundays at 8:30 PM. m. (5:30 p.m. US Pacific). The reasons this new schedule was established was because more viewers would tune in to the ceremony on Sundays, Los Angeles residents would avoid traffic jams, and it would allow residents across the East Coast to go to bed earlier. For many years, the film industry had opposed the broadcast of the awards on Sundays since that would affect the weekend box office, in addition to the fact that Latin American or Asian countries have protested this decision because Sunday is difficult since you have to go to class or work.

On March 30, 1981, the ceremony was postponed for a day following the assassination attempt on Ronald Reagan in Washington, D.C.

In 1993, the section "In Memoriam" ("In Memory") was introduced to the ceremony, with the purpose of honoring people who died in the previous 12 months and whose contribution in the industry was significant; The inclusion of names in this segment are drawn up by a small committee of Academy members. However, the omission of some people has been the source of much criticism for years.

In 2010, the organizers of the awards announced that the acceptance speeches of the winners could not exceed 45 seconds. This, according to organizer Bill Mechanic, to eliminate what he called "the most hated thing about the show", the excessive and embarrassing display of emotion from the winners.

The Academy has also considered moving the ceremony to January, citing audience fatigue from the long awards season. However, as the schedule for choosing winners would be dramatically shortened, members would only have just enough time to view the nominated films on their computers, instead of receiving them along with the ballots by mail. Furthermore, if the ceremony were to take place in January, it would compete in viewership with the National Football League.

Broadcast of the Oscars by country

United States and Canada

The entire United States and Canada will be able to view the Red Carpet and gala on ABC TV and ABC Radio.

Spain

Peninsular Spain time.

In Spain the latest editions have been broadcast by Movistar Plus+: The night's coverage will begin on the platform that, in Spain, broadcasts the Oscars exclusively: Movistar+. The company will start its broadcast of the evening from 00:00 on Sunday night, with the previous night on Movistar Estrenos. Subsequently, the same channel will broadcast the Red Carpet and the gala itself.

The latest editions were presented for Spain by: María Guerra and Pepa Blanes from the Movistar+ set, who will be accompanied by Laia Portaceli, Alberto Rey and Elena Neira. In addition, reporters Cristina Teva and Gui de Mulder will connect live from the Dolby Theatre.

The same day of the gala from 10:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m. at Movistar Estrenos, summary of the Red Carpet and the entire gala.

Hispanic America

The latest editions were broadcast for all of Latin America and part of Brazil and the United States, both the Red Carpet and the gala, in their original language and also dubbed into Spanish by the TNT channel. These are the local times to follow the awards gala:

• Colombia: 20.00
• Ecuador: 20.00
• Peru: 20.00
• Mexico: 19.00
• Chile: 22.00
• Argentina: 22:00
• Brazil: 22:00

Categories

General

These five categories are the main ones awarded in recognition of cinematographic works:

• Best movie since 1928
• Best director, since 1928
• Best actor since 1928
• Best actress since 1928
• Best original script since 1940

In the first edition of the awards, the award for Best Director was divided into two categories (drama and comedy). For a few years, the award for Best Original Score was also divided into two separate awards (drama and comedy/musical).

Specific

From the 1930s to the 1960s, the awards for best art direction, cinematography, and costume design were divided into two categories (black-and-white film and color film). Prior to 2012, the production design category was known as art direction, while the makeup and hairstyling category was known simply as makeup.

The award for best musical adaptation still remains within Academy of Arts regulations and is on track to be discontinued. Due to insufficient eligibility, this award was last given in 1984 (awarding Prince for Purple Rain).

Specials

There are special awards, voted for by special committees:

• Honorary or special Oscar – since 1928
• Academy Youth Award – between 1934 and 1960
• Irving Thalberg Award – since 1938
• Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Prize - since 1956
• Oscar Gordon E. Sawyer - since 1981
• Scientific and technical awards, awarded since 1931 and divided into three categories:
  • Oscar for scientific or technical merit (an Oscar statuette)
  • Oscar for scientific or technical achievement (the gold commemorative plate with a representation of the Oscar statuette)
  • Award for technical achievement (verbal recognition)

Discontinued

• Best artistic quality of production, only in 1928
• Best engineering effects, only in 1928
• Best argument, from 1928 to 1956
• Best intertitle writing, only in 1929
• Best Short Film - New, from 1932 to 1935
• Best assistant director, from 1933 to 1937
• Best choreography, from 1935 to 1937
• Best color short film, from 1936 to 1937
• Best short film - 2 reels, from 1936 to 1956

Summary of winners

The following table shows the winners in the main categories: Best Feature Film, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, and Best Supporting Actress.

N.º	Ceremonia	Mejor película	Mejor director	Mejor actor	Mejor actriz	Mejor actor reparto	Mejor actriz reparto	Presentador	Audiencia
1°	16 de mayo de 1929	Alas (Wings) (1927)	Drama: F. Borzage Com.: L. Milestone	E. Jannings (The Last Command)	J. Gaynor (7th Heaven)	—	—	Douglas Fairbanks William C. deMille
2°	3 de abril de 1930	La melodía de Broadway (The Broadway melody) (1929)	F. Lloyd (The Divine Lady)	W. Baxter (In Old Arizona)	M. Pickford (Coquette)			William C. deMille
3°	5 de noviembre de 1930	Sin novedad en el frente (All quiet on the western front (1930)	L. Milestone Sin novedad en el frente (All quiet on the western front) (1930)	G. Arliss (Disraeli)	N. Shearer (The Divorcee)			Conrad Nagel
4°	10 de noviembre de 1931	Cimarron (1931)	N. Taurog (Skippy)	L. Barrymore (A Free Soul)	M. Dressler (Min and Bill)			Lawrence Grant
5°	18 de noviembre de 1932	Grand Hotel	F. Borzage (Bad Girl)	F. March W. Beery	H. Hayes (The Sin of Madelon Claudet)			Lionel Barrymore Conrad Nagel
6°	16 de marzo de 1934	Cavalcade	F. Lloyd (Cavalcade)	C. Laughton (The Private Life of Henry VIII)	K. Hepburn (Morning Glory)			Will Rogers
7°	27 de febrero de 1935	It Happened One Night	F. Capra (It Happened One Night)	C. Gable (It Happened One Night)	C. Colbert (It Happened One Night)			Irvin S. Cobb
8°	5 de marzo de 1936	Mutiny on the Bounty	J. Ford (The Informer)	V. McLaglen (The Informer)	B. Davis (Dangerous)			Frank Capra
9°	4 de marzo de 1937	The Great Ziegfeld	F. Capra (Mr. Deeds Goes to Town)	P. Muni (The Story of Louis Pasteur)	L. Rainer (The Great Ziegfeld)	W. Brennan (Come and Get It)	G. Sondergaard (Anthony Adverse)	George Jessel
10°	10 de marzo de 1938	life of emile !The Life of Emile Zola	L. McCarey (The Awful Truth)	S. Tracy (Captains Courageous)	L. Rainer (The Good Earth)	J. Schildkraut (The Life of Emile Zola)	A. Brady (In Old Chicago)	Bob Burns
11°	23 de febrero de 1939	You Can't Take It With You	F. Capra (You Can't Take It With You)	S. Tracy (Boys Town)	B. Davis (Jezebel)	W. Brennan (Kentucky)	F. Bainter (Jezebel)
12°	29 de febrero de 1940	Gone with the Wind	V. Fleming (Gone with the Wind)	R. Donat (Goodbye, Mr. Chips)	V. Leigh (Gone with the Wind)	T. Mitchell (Stagecoach)	H. McDaniel (Gone with the Wind)	Bob Hope
13°	27 de febrero de 1941	Rebecca	J. Ford (The Grapes of Wrath)	J. Stewart (The Philadelphia Story)	G. Rogers (Kitty Foyle)	W. Brennan (The Westerner)	J. Darwell (The Grapes of Wrath)
14°	26 de febrero de 1942	How Green Was My Valley	J. Ford (How Green Was My Valley)	G. Cooper (Sergeant York)	J. Fontaine (Suspicion)	D. Crisp (How Green Was My Valley)	M. Astor (The Great Lie)
15°	4 de marzo de 1943	MrS. Miniver	W. Wyler (MrS. Miniver)	J. Cagney (Yanqui Dandy)	G. Garson (MrS. Miniver)	V. Heflin (Johnny Eager)	T. Wright (MrS. Miniver)	Bob Hope
16°	2de marzo de 1944	Casablanca	M. Curtiz (Casablanca)	P. Lukas (Watch on the Rhine)	J. Jones (The Song of Bernadette)	C. Coburn (The More the Merrier)	K. Paxinou (For Whom the Bell Tolls)	Jack Benny
17°	15 de marzo de 1945	Going My Way	L. McCarey (Going My Way)	B. Crosby (Going My Way)	I. Bergman (Gaslight)	B. Fitzgerald (Going My Way)	E. Barrymore (None but the Lonely Heart)	Bob Hope John Cromwell
18°	7 de marzo de 1946	The Lost Weekend	B. Wilder (The Lost Weekend)	R. Milland (The Lost Weekend)	J. Crawford (Mildred Pierce)	J. Dunn (A Tree Grows in Brooklyn)	A. Revere (National Velvet)	Bob Hope James Stewart
19°	13 de marzo de 1947	The Best Years of Our Lives	W. Wyler (The Best Years of Our Lives)	F. March (The Best Years of Our Lives)	O. de Havilland (To Each His Own)	H. Russell (The Best Years of Our Lives)	A. Baxter (The Razor's Edge)	Jack Benny
20°	20 de marzo de 1948	Gentleman's Agreement	E. Kazan (Gentleman's Agreement)	R. Colman (A Double Life)	L. Young (The Farmer's Daughter)	E. Gwenn (Miracle on 34th Street)	C. Holm (Gentleman's Agreement)	Agnes Moorehead Dick Powell
21°	24 de marzo de 1949	Hamlet	J. Huston (The Treasure of the Sierra Madre)	L. Olivier (Hamlet)	J. Wyman (Johnny Belinda)	W. Huston (The Treasure of the Sierra Madre)	C. Trevor (Key Largo)	Robert Montgomery
22°	23 de marzo de 1950	All the King's Men	J. Mankiewicz (A Letter to Three Wives)	B. Crawford (All the King's Men)	O. de Havilland (The Heiress)	D. Jagger (Twelve O'Clock High)	M. McCambridge (All the King's Men)	Paul Douglas
23°	29 de marzo de 1951	All About Eve	J. Mankiewicz (All About Eve)	J. Ferrer (Cyrano de Bergerac)	J. Holliday (Born Yesterday)	G. Sanders (All About Eve)	J. Hull (Harvey)	Fred Astaire
24°	20 de marzo de 1952	An American in Paris	G. Stevens (A Place in the Sun)	H. Bogart (The African Queen)	V. Leigh (A Streetcar Named Desire)	K. Malden (A Streetcar Named Desire)	K. Hunter (A Streetcar Named Desire)	Danny Kaye
25°	19 de marzo de 1953	The Greatest Show on Earth	J. Ford (The Quiet Man)	G. Cooper (High Noon)	S. Booth (Come Back, Little Sheba)	A. Quinn (Viva Zapata!)	G. Grahame (The Bad and the Beautiful)	Bob Hope Conrad Nagel
26°	25 de marzo de 1954	From Here to Eternity	F. Zinnemann (From Here to Eternity)	W. Holden (Stalag 17)	A. Hepburn (Roman Holiday)	F. Sinatra (From Here to Eternity)	D. Reed (From Here to Eternity)	Donald O'Connor Fredric March	40 000 000
27°	30 de marzo 1955	On the Waterfront	E. Kazan (On the Waterfront)	M. Brando (On the Waterfront)	G. Kelly (The Country Girl)	E. O'Brien (The Barefoot Contessa)	E. M. Saint (On the Waterfront)	Bob Hope Thelma Ritter	43 000 000
28°	21 de marzo de 1956	Marty	D. Mann (Marty)	E. Borgnine (Marty)	A. Magnani (The Rose Tattoo)	J. Lemmon (Mister Roberts)	J. Van Fleet (East of Eden)	Jerry Lewis Claudette Colbert Joseph L. Mankiewicz
29°	27 de marzo 1957	Around the World in 80 Days	G. Stevens (Giant)	Y. Brynner (The King and I)	I. Bergman (Anastasia)	A. Quinn (Lust for Life)	D. Malone (Escrito sobre el viento)	Jerry Lewis Celeste Holm
30°	26 de marzo de 1958	The Bridge on the River Kwai	D. Lean (The Bridge on the River Kwai)	A. Guinness (The Bridge on the River Kwai)	J. Woodward (The Three Faces of Eve)	R. Buttons (Sayonara)	M. Umeki (Sayonara)	Bob Hope David Niven James Stewart Jack Lemmon Rosalind Russell
31°	6 de abril 1959	Gigi	V. Minnelli (Gigi)	D. Niven (Separate Table)	S. Hayward (I Want to Live!)	B. Ives (the Big Country)	W. Hiller (Separate Table)	Bob Hope David Niven Tony Randall Mort Sahl Laurence Olivier Jerry Lewis
32°	4 de abril de 1960	Ben-Hur	W. Wyler (Ben-Hur)	C. Heston (Ben-Hur)	S. Signoret (Room at the Top)	H. Griffith (Ben-Hur)	S. Winters (The Diary of Anne Frank)	Bob Hope
33°	17 de abril de 1961	apartment !The Apartment	B. Wilder (The Apartment)	B. Lancaster (Elmer Gantry)	E. Taylor (BUtterfield 8)	P. Ustinov (Spartacus)	S. Jones (Elmer Gantry)
34°	9 de abril de 1962	West Side Story	R. Wise J. Robbins (West Side Story)	M. Schell (Judgment at Nuremberg)	S. Loren (La ciociara)	G. Chakiris (West Side Story)	R. Moreno (West Side Story)
35°	8 de abril 1963	Lawrence of Arabia	D. Lean (Lawrence of Arabia)	G. Peck (To Kill a Mockingbird (película))	A. Bancroft (The Miracle Worker)	E. Begley (Sweet Bird of Youth)	P. Duke (The Miracle Worker)	Frank Sinatra
36°	13 de abril de 1964	Tom Jones	T. Richardson (Tom Jones)	S. Poitier (Lilies of the field)	P. Neal (Hud)	M. Douglas (Hud)	M. Rutherford (International Hotel)	Jack Lemmon
37°	5 de abril de 1965	My Fair Lady	G. Cukor (My Fair Lady)	R. Harrison (My Fair Lady)	J. Andrews (Mary Poppins)	P. Ustinov (Topkapi)	L. Kedrova (Zorba the Greek)	Bob Hope
38°	18 de abril 1966	The Sound of Music	R. Wise (The Sound of Music)	L. Marvin (Cat Ballou)	J. Christie (Darling)	M. Balsam (A Thousand Clowns)	S. Winters (A Patch of Blue)
39°	10 de abril 1967	A Man for All Seasons	F. Zinnemann (A Man for All Seasons)	P. Scofield (A Man for All Seasons)	E. Taylor (Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?)	W. Matthau (The Fortune Cookie)	S. Dennis (Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?)
40°	10 de abril de 1968	In the Heat of the Night	M. Nichols (The Graduate)	R. Steiger (In the Heat of the Night)	K. Hepburn (Guess Who's Coming to Dinner)	G. Kennedy (Cool Hand Luke)	E. Parsons (Bonnie and Clyde)
41°	14 de abril 1969	Oliver!	C. Reed (Oliver!)	C. Robertson (Charly)	K. Hepburn B. Streisand (The Lion in Winter)	J. Albertson (The Subject Was Roses)	R. Gordon (Rosemary's Baby)
42°	7 de abril 1970	Midnight Cowboy	J. Schlesinger (Midnight Cowboy)	John Wayne (True Grit)	M. Smith (The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie)	G. Young (They Shoot Horses, Don't They?)	G. Hawn (Cactus Flower)
43°	15 de abril 1971	Patton	F. Schaffner (Patton)	G. C. Scott (Patton)	G. Jackson (Women in Love)	J. Mills (Ryan's Daughter)	H. Hayes (Airport)
44°	10 de abril 1972	The French Connection	W. Friedkin (The French Connection)	G. Hackman (The French Connection)	J. Fonda (Klute)	B. Johnson (The Last Picture Show)	C. Leachman (The Last Picture Show)	Helen Hayes Alan King Sammy Davis, Jr. Jack Lemmon
45°	27 de marzo 1973	The Godfather	Bob Fosse (Cabaret)	M. Brando (The Godfather)	L. Minnelli (Cabaret)	J. Grey (Cabaret)	E. Heckart (Las mariposas son libres)	Carol Burnett Michael Caine Charlton Heston Rock Hudson
46°	2 de abril de 1974	The Sting	G. R. Hill (The Sting)	J. Lemmon (Save the Tiger)	G. Jackson (A Touch of Class)	J. Houseman (The Paper Chase)	T. O'Neal (Paper Moon)	John Huston Burt Reynolds David Niven Diana Ross
47°	8 de abril 1975	The Godfather Part II	F. F. Coppola (The Godfather Part II)	A. Carney (Harry and Tonto)	E. Burstyn (Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore)	R. De Niro (The Godfather Part II)	I. Bergman (Murder on the Orient Express)	Sammy Davis, Jr. Bob Hope Shirley MacLaine Frank Sinatra
48°	29 de marzo 1976	One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest	M. Forman (One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest)	J. Nicholson (One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest)	L. Fletcher (One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest)	G. Burns (The Sunshine Boys)	L. Grant (Shampoo)	Goldie Hawn Gene Kelly Walter Matthau George Segal Robert Shaw
49°	28 de marzo 1977	Rocky	J. G. Avildsen (Rocky)	P. Finch (Network)	F. Dunaway (Network)	J. Robards (All the President's Men)	B. Straight (Network)	Warren Beatty Ellen Burstyn Jane Fonda Richard Pryor
50°	3 de abril 1978	Annie Hall	W. Allen (Annie Hall)	R. Dreyfuss (The Goodbye Girl)	D. Keaton (Annie Hall)	J. Robards (Julia)	V. Redgrave (Julia)	Bob Hope	39 730 000
51°	9 de abril 1979	The Deer Hunter	M. Cimino (The Deer Hunter)	J. Voight (Coming Home)	J. Fonda (Coming Home)	C. Walken (The Deer Hunter)	M. Smith (California Suite)	Johnny Carson
52°	14 de abril de 1980	Kramer vs. Kramer	R. Benton (Kramer vs. Kramer)	D. Hoffman (Kramer vs. Kramer)	S. Field (Norma Rae)	M. Douglas (Being There)	M. Streep (Kramer vs. Kramer)		48 978 000
53°	31 de marzo 1981	Ordinary People	R. Redford (Ordinary People)	R. De Niro (Raging Bull)	S. Spacek (Coal Miner's Daughter)	T. Hutton (Ordinary People)	M. Steenburgen (Melvin and Howard)
54°	29 de marzo de 1982	Chariots of Fire	W. Beatty (Reds)	H. Fonda (On Golden Pond)	K. Hepburn (On Golden Pond)	J. Gielgud (Arthur)	M. Stapleton (Reds)
55°	11 de abril 1983	Gandhi	R. Attenborough (Gandhi)	B. Kingsley (Gandhi)	M. Streep (Sophie's Choice)	L. Gossett Jr. (An Officer and a Gentleman)	J. Lange (Tootsie)	Liza Minnelli Dudley Moore Richard Pryor Walter Matthau
56°	9 de abril de 1984	Terms of Endearment	J. L. Brooks (Terms of Endearment)	R. Duvall (Tender Mercies)	S. MacLaine (Terms of Endearment)	J. Nicholson (Terms of Endearment)	L. Hunt (The Year of Living Dangerously)	Johnny Carson
57°	25 de marzo 1985	Amadeus	M. Forman (Amadeus)	F. M. Abraham (Amadeus)	S. Field (Places in the Heart)	H. S. Ngor (The Killing Fields)	P. Ashcroft (Passage to India)	Jack Lemmon
58°	24 de marzo 1986	Out of Africa	S. Pollack (Out of Africa)	W. Hurt (Kiss of the Spider Woman)	G. Page (The Trip to Bountiful)	D. Ameche (Cocoon)	A. Huston (Prizzi's Honor)	Alan Alda Jane Fonda Robin Williams	38 650 000
59°	30 de marzo 1987	Platoon	O. Stone (Platoon)	P. Newman (The Colour of Money)	M. Matlin (Children of a Lesser God)	M. Caine (Hannah and Her Sisters)	D. Wiest (Hannah and Her Sisters)	Chevy Chase Goldie Hawn Paul Hogan	39 720 000
60°	11 de abril de 1988	The Last Emperor	B. Bertolucci (The Last Emperor)	M. Douglas (Wall Street)	Cher (Moonstruck)	S. Connery (The Untouchables)	O. Dukakis (Moonstruck)	Chevy Chase	42 040 000
61°	29 de marzo de 1989	Rain Man	B. Levinson (Rain Man)	D. Hoffman (Rain Man)	J. Foster (The Accused)	K. Kline (A Fish Called Wanda)	G. Davis (The Accidental Tourist)		42 770 000
62°	26 de abril de 1990	Driving Miss Daisy	O. Stone (Born on the Fourth of July)	D. Day-Lewis (My Left Foot)	J. Tandy (Driving Miss Daisy)	D. Washington (Glory)	B. Fricker (My Left Foot)	Billy Crystal	40 220 000
63°	25 de marzo de 1991	Dances with Wolves	K. Costner (Dances with Wolves)	J. Irons (Reversal of Fortune)	K. Bates (Misery)	J. Pesci (Goodfellas)	W. Goldberg (Ghost)		42 790 000
64°	30 de marzo de 1992	The Silence of the Lambs	J. Demme (The Silence of the Lambs)	A. Hopkins (The Silence of the Lambs)	J. Foster (The Silence of the Lambs)	J. Palance (City Slickers)	M. Ruehl (The Fisher King)		44 440 000
65°	29 de marzo de 1993	Unforgiven	C. Eastwood (Unforgiven)	A. Pacino (Scent of a Woman)	E. Thompson (Howards End)	G. Hackman (Unforgiven)	M. Tomei (My Cousin Vinny)		45 840 000
66°	21 de marzo de 1994	Schindler's List	S. Spielberg (Schindler's List)	T. Hanks (Philadelphia)	H. Hunter (The Piano)	T. L. Jones (The fugitive)	A. Paquin (The Piano)	Whoopi Goldberg	46 260 000
67°	27 de marzo de 1995	Forrest Gump	R. Zemeckis (Forrest Gump)	T. Hanks (Forrest Gump)	J. Lange (Blue Sky)	M. Landau (Ed Wood)	D. Wiest (Bullets Over Broadway)	David Letterman	48 870 000
68°	25 de marzo de 1996	Braveheart	M. Gibson (Braveheart)	N. Cage (Leaving Las Vegas)	S. Sarandon (Dead Man Walking)	K. Spacey (The Usual Suspects)	M. Sorvino (Mighty Aphrodite)	Whoopi Goldberg	44 610 000
69°	24 de marzo 1997	The English Patient	A. Minghella (The English Patient)	G. Rush (Shine)	F. McDormand (Fargo)	C. Gooding Jr. (Jerry Maguire)	J. Binoche (The English Patient)	Billy Crystal	40 830 000
70°	23 de marzo de 1998	Titanic	J. Cameron (Titanic)	J. Nicholson (As Good as It Gets)	H. Hunt (As Good as It Gets)	R. Williams (Good Will Hunting)	K. Basinger (L.A. Confidential)		57 250 000
71°	21 de marzo de 1999	Shakespeare in Love	S. Spielberg (Saving Private Ryan)	R. Benigni (La vita è bella)	G. Paltrow (Shakespeare in Love)	J. Coburn (Affliction)	J. Dench (Shakespeare in Love)	Whoopi Goldberg	46 530 000
72°	26 de marzo 2000	American Beauty	S. Mendes (American Beauty)	K. Spacey (American Beauty)	H. Swank (Boys don't cry)	M. Caine (The Cider House Rules)	A. Jolie (Girl, Interrupted)	Billy Crystal	46 530 000
73°	25 de marzo 2001	Gladiator	S. Soderbergh (Traffic)	R. Crowe (Gladiator)	J. Roberts (Erin Brockovich)	B. del Toro (Traffic)	M. G. Harden (Pollock (película))	Steve Martin	42 930 000
74°	24 de marzo de 2002	A Beautiful Mind	R. Howard (A Beautiful Mind)	D. Washington (Training Day)	H. Berry (Monster's Ball)	J. Broadbent (Iris)	J. Connelly (A Beautiful Mind)	Whoopi Goldberg	40 540 000
75°	23 de marzo de 2003	Chicago	R. Polanski (The Pianist)	A. Brody (The Pianist)	N. Kidman (The Hours)	C. Cooper (Adaptation)	C. Zeta-Jones (Chicago)	Steve Martin	33 040 000
76°	29 de febrero de 2004	The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King	P. Jackson (The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King)	S. Penn (Mystic River)	C. Theron (Monster)	T. Robbins (Mystic River)	R. Zellweger (Cold Mountain)	Billy Crystal	43 560 000
77°	27 de febrero de 2005	Million Dollar Baby	C. Eastwood (Million Dollar Baby)	J. Foxx (Ray)	H. Swank (Million Dollar Baby)	M. Freeman (Million Dollar Baby)	C. Blanchett (The Aviator)	Chris Rock	42 160 000
78°	5 de marzo de 2006	Crash	A. Lee (Brokeback Mountain)	P. S. Hoffman (Capote)	R. Witherspoon (Walk the Line)	G. Clooney (Syriana)	R. Weisz (The Constant Gardener)	Jon Stewart	38 640 000
79°	25 de febrero de 2007	The Departed	M. Scorsese (The Departed)	F. Whitaker (The Last King of Scotland)	H. Mirren (The Queen)	A. Arkin (Little Miss Sunshine)	J. Hudson (Dreamgirls)	Ellen DeGeneres	39 920 000
80°	24 de febrero de 2008	No Country for Old Men	Hermanos Coen (No Country for Old Men)	D. Day-Lewis (There Will Be Blood)	M. Cotillard (La Môme)	J. Bardem (No Country for Old Men)	T. Swinton (Michael Clayton)	Jon Stewart	31 760 000
81°	22 de febrero de 2009	Slumdog Millionaire	D. Boyle (Slumdog Millionaire)	S. Penn (Milk)	K. Winslet (The Reader)	H. Ledger (The Dark Knight)	P. Cruz (Vicky Cristina Barcelona)	Hugh Jackman	36 940 000
82°	7 de marzo de 2010	The Hurt Locker	K. Bigelow (The Hurt Locker)	J. Bridges (Crazy Heart)	S. Bullock (The Blind Side)	C. Waltz (Inglourious Basterds)	Mo'nique (Precious)	Steve Martin Alec Baldwin	41 620 000
83°	27 de febrero de 2011	The King's Speech	T. Hooper (The King's Speech)	C. Firth (The King's Speech)	N. Portman (Black Swan)	C. Bale (The Fighter)	M. Leo (The Fighter)	James Franco Anne Hathaway	37 600 000
84°	26 de febrero de 2012	The Artist	M. Hazanavicius (The Artist)	J. Dujardin (The Artist)	M. Streep (The Iron Lady)	C. Plummer (Beginners)	O. Spencer (The Help)	Billy Crystal	39 460 000
85°	24 de febrero de 2013	Argo	A. Lee (Life of Pi)	D. Day-Lewis (Lincoln)	J. Lawrence (Silver Linings Playbook)	C. Waltz (Django Unchained)	A. Hathaway (Les Misérables)	Seth MacFarlane	40 376 000
86°	2 de marzo de 2014	12 Years a Slave	A. Cuarón (Gravity)	M. McConaughey (Dallas Buyers Club)	C. Blanchett (Blue Jasmine)	J. Leto (Dallas Buyers Club)	L. Nyong'o (12 Years a Slave)	Ellen DeGeneres​
87°	22 de febrero de 2015	Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)	A. G. Iñárritu (Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance))	E. Redmayne (The Theory Of Everything)	J.Moore (Still Alice)	J. K. Simmons (Whiplash)	P. Arquette (Boyhood)	Neil Patrick Harris​
88°	28 de febrero de 2016	Spotlight	A. G. Iñárritu (The Revenant)	L. DiCaprio (The Revenant)	B. Larson (Room)	M. Rylance (Bridge of Spies)	A. Vikander (The Danish Girl)	Chris Rock​
89°	26 de febrero de 2017	Moonlight	D. Chazelle (La La Land)	C. Affleck (Manchester by the Sea)	E. Stone (La La Land)	M. Ali (Moonlight)	V. Davis (Fences)	Jimmy Kimmel​​	32 900 000
90°	4 de marzo de 2018	The Shape of Water	G. del Toro (The Shape of Water)	G. Oldman (Darkest Hour)	F. McDormand (Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri)	S. Rockwell (Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri)	A. Janney (I, Tonya)		40 376 000
91°	24 de febrero de 2019	Green Book	A. Cuarón (Roma)	R. Malek (Bohemian Rhapsody)	O. Colman (La favorita)	M. Ali (Green Book)	R. King (If Beale Street Could Talk)	No hubo​​	29 560 000
92°	9 de febrero de 2020	Parasite	B. Joon-ho (Parasite)	J. Phoenix (Joker)	R. Zellweger (Judy)	B. Pitt (Once Upon a Time in Hollywood)	L. Dern (Marriage Story)		23 640 000
93°	25 de abril de 2021	Nomadland	C. Zhao (Nomadland)	A. Hopkins (The Father)	F. McDormand (Nomadland)	D. Kaluuya (Judas and the Black Messiah)	Y. Yuh-jung (Minari)		10 500 000
94°	27 de marzo de 2022	CODA	J. Campion (The Power of the Dog)	W. Smith (King Richard)	J. Chastain (The Eyes of Tammy Faye)	T. Kotsur (CODA)	A. DeBose (West Side Story)	Amy Schumer Regina Hall Wanda Sykes	16 600 000
95°	12 de marzo de 2023	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	Jimmy Kimmel

Criticism

Accusations of commercialism

Because of the positive exposure and prestige of the Academy Awards, many studios spend millions of dollars and hire publicists specifically to promote their films during what is typically called "Oscar season". This has led to accusations that the Academy Awards are influenced more by marketing than quality. William Friedkin, an Academy Award-winning film director and former producer of the ceremony, expressed this sentiment at a conference in New York in 2009, describing it as "the biggest promotional scheme any industry has ever devised for itself." myself".

Tim Dirks, editor of AMC's filmsite.org, has written about the Academy Awards:

Unfortunately, the critical value, artistic vision, cultural influence and innovative qualities of many films do not have the same weight of vote. Especially since the 1980s, the successes of taquilla "made with formulas" with brilliant production values have often been pleasant titans for the public (and winners of the Best Film), but have not necessarily been great films with depth or critical acclaim in any way.

A recent technique said to have been used during Oscar season is the whispering campaign. These campaigns are intended to spread negative perceptions of other nominated films and are believed to have been perpetrated by those involved in the film's creation. Examples of whisper campaigns include the accusations against the Zero Dark Thirty suggesting that it justifies torture, and the claim that Lincoln distorts history.

Accusations of bias

The typical criticism of the Academy Awards for Best Picture is that among the winners and nominees there is an overrepresentation of romantic historical epics, biographical dramas, romantic dramas and family melodramas, most of which are released in the US. USA During the last three months of the calendar year. The Oscars have been infamously known for selecting specific genres of films to be awarded. This has led to the coining of the term 'Oscar bait', which describes such films. This has sometimes led to more specific criticism that the Academy is out of touch with the audience, for example by favoring 'Oscar bait'; on audience favorites, or favor historical melodramas over critically acclaimed films depicting issues of current life.[3]

Allegations of lack of diversity

The Academy Awards have long been criticized for their lack of diversity among the nominees. This critique is based on statistics from all Academy Awards since 1929, which shows us that only 6.4% of Academy Award nominees have not been white and since 1991, 11.2%. of the nominees have not been white, making the winning rate even more polarizing. More white actresses have won Oscars for portrayals of yellow-faced Asian characters than actual Asian actresses. The 88th awards ceremony became the target of a boycott, popularized on social media with the hashtag #OscarsSoWhite, based on critics' perception that its all-white acting nominee list reflected bias. In response, the Academy initiated "historic" in membership by the year 2020.

Symbolism or sentimentality

Acting awards in certain years have been criticized for not recognizing superior performances, but rather for being awarded for personal popularity, to make up for a 'snub' by others. for a performance/work that in time turned out to be more popular and/or recognized than actually awarded, or presented as a "professional honour" to recognize the entire body of work of a distinguished nominee.

Recognition of streaming media movies

Following the 91st Academy Awards in February 2019, at which the Netflix film Roma had been nominated for ten awards, including the Best Picture category, Steven Spielberg and other members from the Academy discussed changing the requirements through the Board of Governors for films that exclude those from Netflix and other streaming media services. Spielberg was concerned that Netflix, as a movie production and distribution studio, could spend much more than typical Oscar-winning movies and get much wider and earlier distribution than other Best Picture nominees, while continuing to being able to meet the minimum stage shooting status to qualify for an Oscar. The United States Department of Justice, upon learning of this potential rule change, wrote a letter to the Academy in March 2019, warning them that if additional restrictions are placed on films originating from streaming media services Without proper justification, antitrust concerns could be raised against the Academy. Following its April 2019 board meeting, the Academy's Board of Governors agreed to retain the current rules that allow streaming media films to be eligible for Oscars as long as they enjoy limited theatrical runs.

Award denials

Some winners critical of the Academy Awards boycotted the ceremonies and refused to accept their Oscars. The first to do so was screenwriter Dudley Nichols (Best Writing in 1935 for The Informer). Nichols boycotted the eighth Academy Awards ceremony due to conflicts between the Academy and the Writers Guild. Nichols finally accepted the 1935 award three years later, at the 1938 ceremony. Nichols was nominated for three other Academy Awards during his career.

George C. Scott became the second person to turn down his award (Best Actor in 1970 for Patton) at the 43rd Academy Awards. Scott described it as a "meat parade," saying, "I don't want any part of it."

The third person to turn down the award was Marlon Brando, who turned it down (Best Actor for 1972's The Godfather), citing discrimination and mistreatment of Native Americans by the film industry. At the 45th Academy Awards, Brando sent actress and civil rights activist Sacheen Littlefeather to read a 15-page speech, detailing criticism of her, which was booed by the audience.

Incidents

At the 89th Academy Awards, Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway mistakenly announced La La Land as the winner of the Best Picture award, instead of Moonlight, the actual winner. Beatty received the wrong envelope and, after hesitating during the announcement, handed the envelope to Dunaway, who listed Emma Stone as Best Actress for La La Land and caused the confusion. The appropriate winner was announced after acceptance speeches from La La Land producers Fred Berger, Jordan Horowitz and Marc Platt.

The following year, Beatty and Dunaway were invited again as presenters of the Best Picture award, which they achieved without error.

At the 94th annual awards ceremony, actor Will Smith slapped comedian Chris Rock after he made a joke about Will's wife Jada Pinkett Smith's alopecia. Such an assault, seen around the world on live television, resulted in Will's exclusion from Academy events for ten years, effective April 8, 2022. However, this does not deprive the actor of receiving nominations at future ceremonies.

Plagiarism disputes

• Zootopia: March 21, 2017, Esplanade Productions, a company owned by Gary L. Goldman, coguionist of Total Recall, filed a lawsuit for copyright infringement against Disney. The demand claimed that Goldman (in 2000 and 2009) had released a concept to Disney for a live action film entitled Looneywhich was about a socially uncomfortable animator who creates a TV cartoon inspired by itself called Zootopia. Disney twice rejected the release, but Goldman accused the company of copying the name, themes, configuration and tropos of the characters. The demand presented a graph of the first conceptual artworks of characters that appear to be similar to the main characters of the film, including Nick Wilde, Judy Hopps, Flash and Chief Bogo. A Disney spokesman described the lawsuit as "accused by evidently false accusations." District Federal Judge Michael W. Fitzgerald dismissed claims for violation on 8 November 2017.^{[chuckles]required]}
• The form of water: In February 2018, the patrimony of Paul Zindel filed a lawsuit at the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California against director Guillermo del Toro and associate producer Daniel Kraus, alleging that The Shape of Water "I blatantly copy the story, the elements, the characters and the themes "of the work of Zindel of 1969 Let Me Hear You Whisperwhich represents a cleaning woman who joins with a dolphin and tries to rescue her from the harmful uses of a secret research laboratory. In July 2018, Judge Percy Anderson dismissed the lawsuit.^{[chuckles]required]}
• Parasites: On February 6, 2020, the Indian film producer P. L. Thenappan threatened to take legal action against the creators of Parasite by "robo of stories" against his 1999 Tamil film Minsara Kanna. Thenappan and his lawyer had sent a letter of intimidation in search of an explanation for Bong Joon-ho and the production company he made Parasite. Easwar Kuppusamy, defender of the High Court of Madras that appears for Thenappan, said: "They cannot deny that they have raised the basic plot [of Minsara Kanna]. There are several films that have similar ideas, but an entire family goes to a rich family's house and cheating them is the plot of Minsara Kanna. The only difference is that Parasite It does not belong to the romantic genre." Some Tamil Internet users agreed that the film's plot is similar to Minsara Kanna.^{[chuckles]required]}

Disqualifications

Nine films have been disqualified before an official award ceremony because they violated regulations:

• The circus (1928) - The Academy voluntarily withdrew the film from the competitive categories to give Charlie Chaplin a special prize.
• Hondo (1953) - Eliminated from the Best History ballot after the producer's letters and the candidate questioned their inclusion in the category.
• High Society (1955) - Removed from the script writing ballot after being confused with the 1956 film of the same title.
• The godfather (1972) - Initially nominated for eleven awards, his nomination for Best original score was revoked after it was discovered that his main theme was very similar to the music that the composer of the score had written for an earlier film. None of his other nominations was revoked, and he received three Oscars, including the Best Film.
• A place in the world (1992) - Withdrawal of the Best Film of Foreign Language after it was discovered that the country that presented the film had insufficient artistic control.
• Tuba Atlantic (2012) - Removed from the Best Film Film of Live Action Short Film when it was discovered that the film was broadcast on television before its premiere in cinemas.
• Alone Yet Not Alone (2014) - The main song of the film, "Alone Yet Not Alone", was removed from the ballot of the Best Original Song after it was discovered that Bruce Broughton had inappropriately contacted other members of the musical branch of the academy. This was the first time that a film of a ballot was withdrawn for ethical reasons.

One film was disqualified after winning the award, and the winner returned the Oscar:

• Young Americans (1969) - He initially won the award for the Best Documentary Film, but then was revoked after it was revealed that he had premiered before the period of eligibility.