Organelle

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In cell biology, they are called organelles (or also organelles, organelles, organoids) to the different structures contained in the cytoplasm of cells, mainly eukaryotes, which have a certain shape.
The prokaryotic cell lacks most of the organelles.
The name organelles comes from the analogy between the function of these structures in cells, and the function of organs in the body.

Not all eukaryotic cells contain all the organelles at the same time, they appear in certain cells according to their functions.

Structure

Cytoplasmic current (organised movement of orgoulos) in onion bulb epidermal cells

The generic name of «organelles» (from the Latin organŭlum, diminutive of orgănum) or small organs, comes from the proposal of a biological analogy between the function of the organs in the body and the function of these microscopic structures within cells.
Each organelle has a structural unit and fulfills one or more specific functions.
Among the most important cell organelles are the nuclei, which store genetic information, and the mitochondria, which produce energy.

**Main eucaritic orgies**
Orgánulo	Function	Structure	Agencies	Notes
Cloroplast	Photosynthesis	It has a double membrane	Plants, protists	It has genetic material (DNA)
Endoplasmic Reticulous	Synthesis and packaging of proteins and certain lipids (package in vesicles)	Can be associated with ribosomes in your membrane	Eucariot	There are two types: Rugoso and Liso
Golgi's appartment	Transport and packaging of proteins, receives endoplasmic reticulous vesicles, glucolipid form, glucoproteins	Flattened sacs surrounded by cytoplasmic membrane	Most eukaryotes	On the plants are known as dictiosomas
Mitocondria	Cell breathing	Double membrane compartment, internal and external	Most eukaryotes	It has genetic material (DNA)
Vacuolas	Storage, transport and homeostasis	Vesicular membrane shields	Plants and fungi
Nucleus	DNA maintenance and genetic expression	Surrounded by double membrane, or nuclear membrane	All eukaryotes	Contains most of the DNA

Cellular structure of a procariot bacteria

Structure of a typical plant cell: 1. Nucleus, 2. Nucléolo, 3. Nuclear wrap, 4. Rugged Endoplasmic Reticle, 5. Leucoplasto, 6. Cytoplasm, 7. Golgi's apparel, 8. Cellular Pared, 9. Peroxisoma, 10. Plasmatic membrane, 11. Mitochondria, 12. Central vaccine, 13. Cloroplast, 14. Plasmodesmos, 15. Simple endoplasmic reticulous, 16. Cytoeskeleton, 17. Movie, 18. Ribosomas.

**Other eukaryotic orgánulos and cellular components**
Orgánulo/component	Function	Structure	Agencies
Acrosoma	Helps the sperm to merge with the egg	Simple membrane compartment	Many animals
Autophagosoma	A vesicle that stores cytoplasmic and oreganol material for degradation	Double membrane compartment	All eukaryotic cells
Centresoma	They intervene in cell division helping the chromosomal movement	Cylindrical structures formed by tubes and surrounded by dense protein material	Animals
Cilio	Movement	Protein microtubes	Animals, protists, some plants
Exosoma	Degradation of nucleic acids	Protenic Complex	Eucariots and archobacteria
Glioxisoma	Transformation of lipids into sugar	Simple membrane compartment	Plants
Hydrogenoma	Energy and hydrogen production	Double membrane compartment	Some unicellular eukaryotes
Inflamasoma	Falls of inflammation	Protenic Complex	Eucariot
Lisosoma	Breaking of large molecules	Simple membrane compartment	Most of the eucariot
Magnetosoma	Magnetic orientation	Magnetic crystals	Some procariot
Melanosoma	Storage of pigments	Simple membrane compartment	Animals
Mythoma	Similar to mitochondria but do not contain genes	Double membrane compartment	Some unicellular eukaryotes
Miofibrilla	Muscle contracting	Linked filaments	Animals
Parentosoma	No character	No character	Hong
Peroxisomas	Protein oxidation / cell detoxification	Simple membrane compartment	All eukaryotes
Proteasome	Protein degradation (previously marked with ubiquitin)	Protenic Complex	All eukaryotics and archeobacteria
Ribosomes	Amount of proteins from information transmitted by RNA	Rounded structures formed by two subunits	All living beings
Dress	Store, transport or digest cell products and waste	Simple membrane compartment	All eukaryotes

**Comparison of structures in animal and plant cells**
	Typical animal cell	Typical vegetable cell
Basic structures	Plasma membrane Cytoplasma Citoeskeleton	Plasma membrane Cytoplasma Citoeskeleton
Orgánulos	Nucleus (with nucleus) Rugged Endoplasmic Reticle Liso endoplasmic Ribosomes Golgi's appartment Mitocondria Movies Lisosomes Vacuolas Centresoma (centriolos)	Nucleus (with nucleus) Rugged Endoplasmic Reticle Liso endoplasmic Ribosomes Golgi's apparel (dictosomes) Mitocondria Movies Lisosomes Central Vacuum (with tonoplast) Plates (chloroplasts, leukoplasts, chromoplasts) Microbodies (peroxisomes, glioxisomes)
Additional structures	Flagelo(only in gametes) Cylios	Flagelo Cellular Pared Plasmodesmos

Classification according to its genesis

Based on their genesis, organelles are classified into two groups:

Orgánulos autogenetics, developed philosophically and ontitically from previous structures that become more complex.
Origin letters endosimbioticfrom symbiosis with other organisms.

Endosymbiotic Organelles

They are organelles incorporated into the eukaryotic cell initially as endosymbiont bacteria. Organelles of endosymbiotic origin have their own genome, their own protein synthesis machinery, including ribosomes, and they multiply by bipartition, so that if they are experimentally removed from a cell they cannot be re-formed.

Mitochondria. All known eukaryotants have mitochondria, orgoulos derived from them, such as hydrogenosomes, or at least traces of mitochondrial genes incorporated into the nuclear genome.
Plates. There are two kinds of plates, the primary ones derive from cyanobacteria by endosymbiosis and the secondary ones by endosymbiosis of eukaryotic cells already equipped with plasto. The latter are much more complex. Plates have often been designated with other names depending on their pigmentation or the group in which they are presented. Chloroplastic denomination is usually used as a generic name.

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