October 13

October 13 is the 286th (two hundred and eighty-sixth) day of the year—the 287th (two hundred and eighty-seventh) in leap years—in the Gregorian calendar. There are 79 days left to end the year.

Events

• 54: In Rome, Nero (aged 16) is proclaimed emperor, the same day that the emperor Claudius died.
• 824: In Brañosera, Spain, Count Nunio Núñez understands the need to organize the repopulation that, protected in the press, is unstable and ineffective to ensure progress. Thus, he calls free men to his subjects, giving them rights through the Oblate Charter.
• 1307 (Friday): in France the Knights Templars are betrayed to the Catholic Inquisition, and arrested simultaneously that same night. Seven years later, on March 18, 1314, the Order would end with the execution of its great master, Jacques de Molay.
• 1397: in Zaragoza, Spain, King Martin I of Aragon (Martin the Human) swears the beads established by his father Pedro the Ceremonious, and two years later (on 13 April 1399) is crowned in that city.
• 1582: in Spain, Italy, Poland and Portugal, this day is skipped – between Thursday, October 4, 1582 and Friday, October 15 – due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar.
• 1775: the United States Army is founded.
• 1780: In the Antilles Islands (Mar Caribe) it is the fourth day of the Great Hurricane of 1780, the first hurricane with the largest number of fatalities from which data are available (22 000 direct deaths, 27 000 total deaths). It will last until October 16.
• 1792: In Washington, United States, the works of the White House, residence of the presidents begin.
• 1830: In Mexico, the General Congress separates the Western state into two states, the state of Sonora and the state of Sinaloa.
• 1843: In Spain, Queen Isabel II establishes by decree the national flag, with the yellow and red colors of the War of the Navy.
• 1854: In the city of Valparaíso (Chile) is founded the 3rd Fire Company "Bomba Cousiño and Agustín Edwards".
• 1856: in Masaya (Nicaragua), the First Battle of Masaya ends with the withdrawal of the troops of the American filibuster William Walker from that city occupied by the Central American Allied Army, led by Salvadoran General Ramón Belloso, two days after the start of Walker's attack.
• 1877: the municipality of Ecatepec de Morelos is founded.
• 1879: Johann Palisa discovers the asteroid Martha (205).
• 1909: in Barcelona, Francisco Ferrer Guardia is shot as the alleged instigator of the tumults of the Tragic Week.
• 1910: The Five Day Cyclone arrives in Cuba. Kills a few people. In Havana, he breaks the trunk. It is considered one of the worst natural disasters in Cuban history. It was very controversial, because the United States Meteorological Service claimed that they were two separate cyclones, while the Cuban meteorologist José Carlos Millás Hernández (1889-1965) said it was only one, which could prove by taking the observations made by several ships. This type of loop was called “Millás Recurve”.
• 1917: At Fatima (Portugal), with 70,000 witnesses, the pastors Jacinta Marto, Francisco Marto and Lucía dos Santos affirm that they can see the Virgin of Fatima and hear her words. Eyewitnesses, although they cannot see the Virgin, are partakers of the “miracle of the Sun”.
• 1930: In the Cyampino airfield, the D'AT3 helicopter, designed by Corradino D'Ascanio, made its first flight.
• 1934: In the context of the Revolution of Asturias, Oviedo is fully occupied by government troops. The workers would retire to the mining basins, where they would form the third and last Provincial Revolutionary Committee.
• 1943: In the framework of the Second World War, the new Italian government joins the allies and declares war on Germany.
• 1945: Argentina day of Peronist loyalty; in the framework of the consolidation of General Juan Domingo Peron as leader of the working people, shortly before his first presidency. He was dismissed from his posts as a war minister and vice president and entrusted to him by the military government of the 43 revolution, which reigns in the country for those years, in the Martín García Islands, the same place in which the dictators of the coup of 1930 carried Hipólito Yrigoyen years ago. By divulging the news of Perón's incarceration, the working people absent themselves to the factories and marched spontaneously to the pink house demanding the release of Perón. The protests started on the 15th of that same month and came to its boom when more than 500,000 thousand people mobilized throughout the country for a period of only three days (Monday 15 to Wednesday 17). Although the bridges were ordered to rise so that the workers could not cross the city, they did not surrender and they also went swimming or in improvised boats. The military government had no choice but to yield to the pressure of the people who did not leave the May Square until they saw those years ago fighting for their rights. Finally, Perón is taken to the government house. They ask him to take the people out of the square. He agrees, but on the condition that free elections will be organized for the following year and he may run as a candidate. The military agrees and Perón goes to the box to give a heated speech to those who would then be baptized by his future wife, Eva Perón, how: "my Deamides". This day marks what would be the eternal affinity between the Argentine working class with Juan Perón and the final conciliation of the latter as the banner and leader of a movement that was soon to be called Peronist movement
• 1959: United States launches satellite Explorer VII.
• 1961: in Sancti Spíritus (Cuba), the band of El Artillero (Idael Rodríguez Lasval)—in the framework of the terrorist attacks organized by the US CIA, under the orders of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy—kill the Pipe Ramírez militia.
• 1972: in the Andes the plane that transports a Uruguayan rugby team crashes.
• 1982: Mexican diplomat Alfonso García Robles receives the Nobel Peace Prize for the promotion of nuclear weapons in Latin America.
• 1983: The first mobile phone system, AMPS, is operational.
• 1987: Costa Rican Oscar Arias receives the Nobel Peace Prize for his political negotiation skills for the signing of the Esquipulas Agreements based on the initiatives of the Contadora Group (1983-1985) and the "Schipules Process" promoted by Vinicio Cerezo.
• 1990: Lyudmila Karachkina and Gregor Kastel discovered the asteroid Sikorsky (10090).
• 2005: The Breezy Badger is released from the Linux Ubuntu 5.10 distribution in the United States.
• 2006: Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank receive the Nobel Peace Prize for the development and implementation of microcredits.
• 2010: in the San José mine, near Copiapó (Chile) successfully ends the rescue of the thirty-three miners trapped since sixty-nine days before.
• 2018: in San Pedro Sula (Honduras), a caravan of migrants begins to the United States, with more than five thousand people mostly Hondurans.
• 2022: Marcelo Gallardo announces his retirement from the River Plate Club after eight years as a coach.
• 2022: The representative of the U.S. company Pfizer Janine Small acknowledged to the European Parliament that the company launched its COVID-19 vaccine without making previous tests on the transmission of the virus. Despite the consequences of these statements (such as the inutility of measures such as the Covid passport), the news has little media impact, although it generates many criticisms on social networks. Born the known as Scandal Pfizergate.

Births

• 1161: Leonor de Plantagenet, queen consorte de Castilla (f. 1214).
• 1453: Edward of Westminster, Welsh Prince (f. 1471).
• 1474: Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (f. 1515).
• 1759: Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras, Mexican architect, painter and engraver (f. 1833).
• 1789: Manuel Eduardo de Gorostiza, playwright, journalist and Spanish-Mexican diplomat (f. 1851).
• 1792: Moritz Hauptmann, German composer, teacher and musical theorist (f. 1868).

Rudolf Virchow

• 1821: Rudolf Virchow, German physician and politician (f. 1902).
• 1825: Charles Frederick Worth, British fashion designer (f. 1895).
• 1827: Giuseppe Fanelli, Italian revolutionary and anarchist (f. 1877).
• 1835: Alphonse Milne-Edwards, French ornithologist and carcinologist (f. 1900).
• 1839: Eduardo Liceaga, Mexican doctor (f. 1920).
• 1858: Cleto González Víquez, a Costa Rican politician (f. 1937).

Mary Kingsley

• 1862: Mary Kingsley, British explorer (f. 1900).
• 1872: Víctor Manuel Román and Reyes, a Nicaraguan politician (f. 1950).
• 1883: José María Albiñana, doctor, writer and Spanish politician (f. 1936).
• 1889: José Maza Fernández, a Chilean lawyer and politician (f. 1964).
• 1897: Eduardo Blanco Fernández, Spanish politician (f. 1997).
• 1897: Darío Echandía, jurist, philosopher and Colombian politician (f. 1989).
• 1904: Graciela Rincón Calcaño, poetess, narrator, articulist and drama author from Venezuela (f. 1980).
• 1907: Yves Allégret, French filmmaker (f. 1987).
• 1907: Bobby Gurney, British footballer (f. 1994).
• 1908: Tania, singer of Argentine tangos (f. 1999).
• 1909: Art Tatum, American jazz pianist (f. 1956).
• 1915: Cornel Wilde, an American actor (f. 1989).
• 1917: Hugo Lindo, Salvadoran poet (f. 1985).
• 1918: Robert Hudson Walker, American actor (f. 1951).
• 1919: Delia Garcés, an Argentine actress (f. 2001).
• 1920: Laraine Day, American actress (f. 2007).
• 1921: Yves Montand, French actor and singer (f. 1991).
• 1921: Bernabé Ordaz, Cuban physician and politician (f. 2006).
• 1921: Anna Nikandrova, Soviet military (f. 1944).
• 1923: John Champion, American film producer and screenwriter (f. 1994).
• 1923: Faas Wilkes, a Dutch footballer (f. 2006).
• 1924: Roberto Eduardo Viola, a military and Argentine dictator (f. 1994).

Margaret Thatcher

• 1925:
  • Carlos Robles Piquer, Spanish politician (f. 2018).
  • Lenny Bruce, American comedian (f. 1966).
  • Margaret Thatcher, British politics (f. 2013).
• 1926: Wladek Kowalski, Canadian professional fighter (f. 2008).
• 1927: Lee Konitz, American jazz saxophoneist (f. 2020).
• 1929: Walasse Ting, Chinese American painter (f. 2010).
• 1931: Raymond Kopa, French footballer (f. 2017).
• 1932: Jack Colvin, American actor (f. 2005).
• 1932: Dušan Makavejev, Serbian filmmaker.

Nana Mouskouri

• 1934: Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer.
• 1936: Christine Nöstlinger, Austrian writer (f. 2018).
• 1938: Mario Grasso, documentaryist and Argentine filmmaker (f. 1999).
• 1939: Melinda Dillon, American actress.
• 1939: Eduardo Jozami, human rights activist, journalist and Argentine writer.
• 1940: Pharoah Sanders, American saxophoneist.

Paul Simon

• 1941: Paul Simon, American singer, musician and composer, of the duo Simon and Garfunkel.
• 1942: Neil Aspinall, road manager and personal assistant of the Beatles.
• 1943: María Angélica Cristi, a Chilean sociologist and politician.
• 1944: Robert Lamm, American musician, from the Chicago band.
• 1944: Enrique Arancibia Clavel, Chilean spy (f. 2011).
• 1945: Guillermo Perry Rubio, Colombian economist and politician (f. 2019).
• 1945: Dési Bouterse, a Surinamese politician.
• 1946: Diego Galán, critic and Spanish filmmaker (f. 2019).
• 1947: Sammy Hagar, American musician, Van Halen.
• 1948: Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Pakistani singer.
• 1948: Alan Bray, British gay historian and activist (f. 2001).
• 1949:
  • Phú Quang, Vietnamese composer (f. 2021).
  • Susana Lesgart, a guerrilla group in Argentina (f. 1972).
  • Sylvia Pasquel, Mexican actress.
• 1950: Pertur (Eduardo Moreno Bergaretxe), Spanish politician and member of ETA.
• 1950: Teresa Riera, Spanish politics and scientist.
• 1951: Phinij Jarusombat, Thai politician.
• 1951: Carlos Cruz Lorenzen, Chilean politician.
• 1952: José Luis Olivas, Spanish politician.
• 1953: Francisco Eduardo Cervantes Merino, Mexican bishop.
• 1954: Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, Sultan of Oman since 2020.
• 1954: Mordekhai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician.
• 1955: Joaquín Caparrós, Spanish football coach.
• 1955: Eduardo Ovando, Mexican politician.
• 1956: Chris Carter, American producer and screenwriter.
• 1956: Oliviero Diliberto, Italian politician.
• 1957: Miguel Galván, Mexican actor and comedian (f. 2008).
• 1958: Ana Bertha Espín, Mexican actress.
• 1959: Marie Osmond, American actress and singer.
• 1959: Massimo Bonini, a Sanmarinian footballer.
• 1960: Joey Belladonna, American musician, Anthrax.
• 1961: Doc Rivers, basketball player and American coach.
• 1962: Kelly Preston, American actress (f. 2020).
• 1962: Jerry Rice, American football player.
• 1964: Nie Haisheng, Chinese astronaut.
• 1964: Douglas Emhoff, American lawyer.
• 1964: Christopher Judge, American actor.
• 1965: Johan Museeuw, Belgian cyclist.
• 1967: Trevor Hoffman, American baseball player.
• 1967: Javier Sotomayor, Cuban athlete.
• 1967: Kate Walsh, American actress.
• 1968: Carlos Marín, lyric singer and Spanish producer (f. 2021).
• 1969: Federico Beligoy, Argentinian arbitrator.
• 1969: Horacio Cabak, Argentine television driver.

Sacha Baron Cohen

• 1971: Sacha Baron Cohen, British humorist.
• 1971: Luis Tosar, Spanish actor.
• 1971: Johanna Lind, Swedish television model and driver.
• 1973: Fernando Aboitiz, Mexican politician.
• 1974: Joseph Utsler, American rapper, of the Insane Clown Posse band.
• 1974: Alina Simone, American singer, songwriter and writer.
• 1977: Paul Pierce, American basketball player.
• 1977: Antonio Di Natale, Italian footballer.
• 1977: Kiele Sánchez, American actress.
• 1978: Jermaine O'Neal, American basketball player.
• 1979: Wes Brown, British footballer.
• 1980: Ashanti, American singer.
• 1980: David Haye, British boxer.
• 1980: Jon Micah Sumrall, American vocalist, of the Kutless band.
• 1981: Kele Okereke, vocalist and guitarist, from the Bloc Party band.
• 1982: Ian Thorpe, Australian swimmer.
• 1985: India Martínez, Spanish artist.
• 1986: Gabriel Agbonlahor, British footballer.
• 1989: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, American politics.
• 1990: Florian Munteanu, actor, model and German boxer.
• 1991: Diego Domínguez, Spanish actor and singer zaragozano.
• 1995: Park Ji-min, member of the South Korean band BTS.
• 2001: Caleb McLaughlin, American actor.

Deaths

• 54: Claudio, Roman emperor between 41 and 54 (n. 10 B.C.).
• 996: Abu Mansur Nizar al-Aziz Billah, califa fatimí (n. 955).
• 1282: Nichiren Daishōnin, Japanese Buddhist monk (n 1222).
• 1560: Luisa Sigea, Spanish poet and humanist (n. ca. 1522).
• 1688: Pedro de Mena, Spanish sculptor (n. 1628).
• 1715: Nicholas Malebranche, French philosopher and theologian (n. 1638).
• 1815: Joaquín Murat, French Marshal and King of Naples between 1808 and 1815 (n. 1767).
• 1822: Antonio Canova, Italian sculptor (n. 1757).
• 1825: Maximilian I, king Bavarian (n. 1756).
• 1828: Vincenzo Monti, Italian poet (n. 1754).
• 1852: John Lloyd Stephens, American explorer, writer and diplomat (n. 1805).
• 1853: Luis López Ballesteros, militar y política español (n. 1782).
• 1865: Amadeo Jacques, an Argentine educator (n. 1813).
• 1869: Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French critic and literate (n. 1804).
• 1909: Francisco Ferrer Guardia, Spanish anarchist pedagogue (n. 1859).
• 1912: Evaristo Carriego, writer and Argentine poet (n. 1883).
• 1914: Alfred Marsh, English anarchist (n. 1858).
• 1919: Carlos Coriolano Amador Fernández, attorney and businessman of Colombia (n. 1835).
• 1928: María Fiódorovna Románova, Russian Empress, mother of the Tsar Nicholas II, and grandmother of Anastasia (n. 1847).
• 1938: Elzie Crisler Segar, American hysterist, creator of Popeye (n. 1894).
• 1941: Isabel Lete Landa, a Spanish religious (n. 1913).
• 1945: Milton S. Hershey, American businessman (n. 1857).
• 1955: Manuel Ávila Camacho, Mexican politician, president between 1940 and 1946 (n. 1897).
• 1955: Alexandrina Maria da Costa, Portuguese Salesian mysticism (n. 1904).
• 1959: Xu Yun, Zen Buddhist teacher (n. 1840).
• 1961: Dun Karm Psaila, Maltese poet and priest, author of L-Innu Malti, a national anthem of Malta (n. 1871).
• 1961: Louis Rwagasore, nationalist leader and prime minister of Burundi (n. 1932).
• 1966: Clifton Webb, American actor (n. 1889).
• 1974: Josef Krips, director of Austrian orchestra and musician (n. 1902).
• 1974: Ed Sullivan, American TV presenter (n. 1901).
• 1980: Beto Fernán, Argentine singer (n. 1946).
• 1981: Antonio Berni, Argentine painter (n. 1905).
• 1983: Ignacio Núñez Soler, Paraguayan anarchist (n. 1891).
• 1985: Francesca Bertini, Italian actress (n. 1892).
• 1986: Andrew Bembel, Belarusian sculptor (n. 1905).
• 1987: Walter Brattain, American physicist (n. 1902).
• 1991: Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún, Spanish politician (n. 1932).
• 1991: Daniel Oduber Quirós, 37th president of Costa Rica (n. 1921).
• 1992: Carlos Parrilla, actor and Argentine humorist (n. 1962).
• 1993: Luis Alberto Solari, Uruguayan painter (n. 1918).
• 1996: Beryl Reid, British actress (n. 1919).
• 1996: Pavel Soloviev, Soviet engineer, aviation engine builder (n. 1917).
• 1997: Albert Dérozier, French hypnist (n. 1933).
• 1997: Joan Rafart i Roldán, author of Spanish comics (n. 1928).
• 1997: José María Aguirre Larraona, Ertzaina (n. 1962).
• 1999: Michael Hartnett, Irish poet (n. 1941).

Gus Hall (1910-2000) after his arrest in 1954.

• 2000: Gus Hall, an American communist politician (n. 1910).
• 2000: Jean Peters, American actress (n. 1926).
• 2001: Walter Hanisch, Jesuit and Chilean historian (n. 1916).
• 2001: José Capmany, Costa Rican musician (n. 1961).
• 2002: Stephen Ambrose, American historian (n. 1936).
• 2003: Bertram Neville Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics in 1994 (n. 1918).
• 2003: Carlos Olmos, Mexican writer and playwright (n. 1947).
• 2007: Bob Denard, French mercenary (n. 1929).
• 2007: Andrée de Jongh, a Belgian nurse and partisan during World War II (n. 1917).
• 2008: Guillaume Depardieu, French actor, son of Gérard Depardieu (n. 1971).
• 2009: Al Martino, American musician (n. 1927).
• 2010: Juan Carlos Arteche, Spanish footballer (n. 1957).
• 2010: Alberto Oliveras, presenter and Spanish television presenter (n. 1929).
• 2013: Olga Aróseva, Russian actress (n. 1925).
• 2013: George Herbig, American astronomer (n. 1920).
• 2014: Antonio Cafiero, Argentine politician (n. 1922).
• 2014: Pontus Segerström, Swedish footballer (n. 1981).
• 2014: Deborah Warren, an Argentine actress (n. 1959).

Bhumibol Adulyadej

• 2016: Bhumibol Adulyadej, king of Thailand between 1946 and 2016 (n. 1927).
• 2016: Darío Fo, Italian theatre writer, nobel literature award in 1997 (n. 1926).
• 2017: Albert Zafy, Malagasy politician, president of Madagascar between 1993 and 1996 (n. 1927).
• 2019: Charles Jencks, landscape architect and historian of American architecture (n. 1939).
• 2021: Viktor Briujánov, Ukrainian architect and designer (n. 1935)
• 2022: Lennart Söderberg, Swedish footballer (n. 1943).
• 2022: Stavros Sarafis, Greek footballer (n. 1950).
• 2022: Miguel Suárez Bosa, Spanish historian and researcher (n. 1952).

Celebrations

• International Day for Disaster Reduction
• World Trombosis Day
• Argentina:
  • Psychologist Day
• AzerbaijanAzerbaijan:
  • Azerbaijan Railway Day
• BoliviaBolivia:
  • Lawyer's Day
• BurundiBurundi: Rwagasore Day. Step to the immortality of the nationalist Louis Rwagasore
• CubaCuba:
  • Azucarero Worker Day
  • Day of the Banking Worker
• SpainSpain:
  • Tenerife (Canary Islands): Anniversary of the Canonical Coronation of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria (Patrona de Canarias), crowned canonically on October 13, 1889
• JapanJapan: Doi taikomatsuri, festival to wish good harvest (from 13 to 15 October)
• Peru Peru:
  • Day of the Lord Cautive of Ayabaca
• PolandPoland:
  • Paramedic Day
• Thailand:
  • National Police Day

Catholic saints list

• Santa Chelidonia de Abruzzo
• San Eduardo III the confessor
• San Florencio de Thessaloniki
• San Geraldo de Cierges
• San Leobono de Salagnac
• San Lubencio de Kobern
• San Rómulo de Genoa
• St. Simberto of Augsburg
• San Teófilo de Antioquía
• San Venancio de Tours
• Beata Alejandrina María da Costa
• Beata Magdalena Panattieri
• San Fausto Labrador