Nov. 16

November 16 is the 320th (three hundred and twentieth) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar and the 321st in leap years. There are 45 days left to end the year.

Events

• 534: In Rome, the emperor Justinian promulgated the revision of the Codex Justinianus.
• 1272: While traveling in the context of the Ninth Crusade, Prince Edward I became King of England after the death of Henry III of England, but will not return to England for almost two years to assume the throne.
• 1384: In Poland, Eduviges is crowned "king" from Poland (in spite of being a woman).
• 1403: In Syria and Turkey there is an earthquake of magnitude 6.8 in the seismological scale of Richter, and a tsunami in the Mediterranean Sea.
• 1491: In Ávila, Spain, two Jews and six convert Jews are burned alive in a car of faith, accused of the ritual murder of the so-called Holy Child of La Guardia.
• 1493: In the Caribbean Sea, Christopher Columbus arrives on the island of Puerto Rico.
• 1509: In Edirne, Turkey, 500 km northwest of Istanbul, and almost on the border with Bulgaria, an earthquake occurs.
• 1518: In Santiago de Cuba, the Spanish conqueror Hernán Cortés embarked on Mexico.
• 1519: In Cuba, Pánfilo de Narváez founded the village of San Cristóbal de La Habana (Havana, one of the oldest cities in America).
• 1532: In Cajamarca (Peru), Francisco Pizarro and his collaborators kidnap the Inca Atahualpa ruler. Six months later they'll get the ransom and kill him.
• 1618: In Hebei, China, there is an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 in the seismological scale of Richter (intensity VIII).
• 1632: in Lützen (Germany) — in the framework of the Thirty Years War — King Gustavo II Adolf of Sweden dies in the Battle of Lützen.
• 1665: in Oxford (England) the magazine is founded Oxford Gazettedean of the British press.
• 1668: the villa of Santiago de Cuba is looted by British corsairs.
• 1700: in Madrid (Spain) is proclaimed Felipe V.
• 1720: Jack Rackham, better known as Calico Jack or Jack the Calico, and his crew are judged in Saint Jago De La Vega in Jamaica, found guilty of piracy and hanged the next day.
• 1780: in Cuzco, Peru, the revolutionary leader inca Túpac Amaru II proclaims the abolition of slavery for the first time in America. May 18 of the following year will be executed by dismemberment and decapitation.
• 1810: In the province of Corrientes, Argentina, lawyer Manuel Belgrano founded the village of Curuzú Cuatiá.
• 1827: In Colombia, about 80 km south of Popayán, at 17:45 local time there is an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 at the scale of time, leaving a balance of 250 victims. The previous day there was a less intense earthquake about 150 km away.
• 1839: In the state of Andhra Pradesh (India), a cyclic mare (12 m high) caused by an immense cyclone hits the town of Coringa, destroys 2000 ships and kills 20 000 people. In 1789 the same had happened, with the same number of victims.
• 1855: English explorer David Livingstone, discovers the cascades of the Zambeze to which the natives called "humo que thunder" and Livingstone gave the name of Victoria Falls, in honor of Queen Victoria.
• 1870: In the Kingdom of Spain, the Courts elect Amadeo de Saboya to occupy the throne of that country.
• 1885: In the United States, George Eastman, founder of Kodak, invents the nitrocellulose film for image printing.
• 1901: The first car race takes place at the race in Buenos Aires.
• 1904: The United States buys Panama, for 40 million dollars, all rights on the Panama Canal.
• 1908: at the New York Metropolitan Opera Theatre (United States), the Italian orchestra director Arturo Toscanini is leading for the first time.
• 1914: the pitcher Emilio Palmero throwing in Havana, leaves the Fe without hits, but allows a race by combining base by balls, touch and a wild pitch, the game ends 7 races by 1.
• 1918: the republic is proclaimed in Hungary.
• 1920: In Russia the civil war started in 1918 ends.
• 1923: first flight on the Antarctica.
• 1923: Transjordan and Palestine are separated.
• 1923: Interpol is created in the United States.
• 1923: France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr.
• 1933: The United States officially recognizes the Soviet Union (established 16 years earlier).
• 1938: In Spain, in the framework of the Spanish civil war, the decisive Battle of the Ebro, the longest and most stark of all the war, in which the republican army left 10 000 dead and 20 000 prisoners.
• 1938: in the Sandoz laboratories of Basel (Switzerland), the Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann (1906-2008), while studying the alkaloids produced by the cornezuelo of the rye, synthesizes the lysergic acid diethylamid (LSD). It will unintentionally discover its psychotropic effects four years later (April 16, 1943).
• 1940: In Nazi Germany the 1.o and 2.o Panzer Group is created.
• 1944: In the context of World War II, the German city of Düren is bombed by 474 English bombers, producing 3127 fatalities.
• 1944: In the framework of the Second World War, the German city of Jülich is bombarded by the allies resulting in the destruction of 97% of the city.
• 1945: in London, United Kingdom, the representatives of 44 countries agree to create UNESCO.

Ivy King's atom range (1952), air view.

• 1946: In the United States, a courier pigeon is decorated by her courier services during World War II (1939-1945).
• 1949: In Belgium a group of students occupied the Castle of the Counts of Ghent to protest against the increase in the price of beer and the abolition of white helmets in the police.
• 1952: at the Enewetak atoll (Marshall Islands), at 11:30, local time (or 23:30, world time), the United States detonates at 450 metres altitude the 500 kiloton Ivy King atomic bomb.
• 1957: In the city of Havana, the Riviera Hotel was opened, American criminal Meyer Lansky and Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista attended.
• 1965: The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe towards Venus, which becomes the first probe to impact Venus, although it did not transmit scientific data.
• 1974: From the Arecibo Radiotelescope (Puerto Rico) the Arecibo Message is sent to the outer space.
• 1977: The Council of Europe unanimously approves the entry of Spain—the beginning of the Francoist dictatorship—in that body.
• 1978: In Colombo, Sri Lankan capital, an air accident causes the death of 200 people.
• 1979: Unesco proclaims World Heritage to Old Havana and the surrounding fortresses, celebrating the 460th anniversary of its foundation.
• 1982: Asia founded the Asian Olympic Council.
• 1982: In Cuba, Fidel Castro sends a letter to the Cuban internationalist teachers who are in Nicaragua on primary education missions.
• 1989: in El Salvador, the Armed Forces murder six Jesuit religious and two women.
• 1989: In Spain, Paraguayan writer Augusto Roa Bastos won the Cervantes de Literatura Award.
• 1990: The Church of Santa María de Altagracia de Jaraíz de la Vera is declared a Cultural Interest.
• 1996: From the Baikonur cosmodrome (in Kazakhstan), Russia launched the Mars 96 probe, which was to Mars ten months later. However, the ship will fail and fall four hours later, 150 km northwest of the city of Iquique (in northern Chile), near the border with Bolivia, with its 200 g plutonium 238 thermoelectric battery.
• 1998: The microprocessor K6-2 to 400 MHz of the AMD company appears in the United States.
• 1999: Presidents Fidel Castro and Hugo Chávez inaugurated an equestrian monument to Simón Bolívar in Havana.
• 2002: In Foshán, China begins the Epidemic of Serious Acute Respiratory Syndrome
• 2003: In Porto, Portugal, the Stadium of Dragão is inaugurated.
• 2007: comet 17P/Holmes, surpasses the Sun with its coma.
• 2007: In Antofagasta, Chile, an earthquake of 7.7 degrees on the Richter scale leaves 2 deaths and 15,000 victims.
• 2009: Historic Judgment of the Gonzalez Case and others (Campo Algodonero) of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, holding the State of Mexico a femicide for the first time.
• 2010: Flamenco is declared an Intangible World Heritage Site.

Births

• 42 a. C.: Tiberius, Roman emperor (f. 37).
• 1436: Leonardo Loredan, dux veneciano (f. 1521).
• 1538: Saint Toribio of Mogrovejo, holy Spanish (f. 1606).
• 1587: Joost van den Vondel, a Dutch poet and playwright (f. 1679).
• 1717: Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, French mathematician and philosopher (f. 1783).
• 1766: Rodolphe Kreutzer, violinist, director of French orchestra and composer (f. 1831).
• 1775: Joaquín Oliet Cruella, a Spanish painter (f. 1849).
• 1779: Miguel de Pombo, a procer and martyr of the Independence of Colombia (f. 1816).
• 1808: José Rufino Echenique, militar, politician and Peruvian president (f. 1887).
• 1810: Karel Hynek Mácha, Czech poet (f. 1836).
• 1822: Rafael Berenguer and Condé, a Spanish painter (f. 1890).
• 1835; Eugenio Beltrami, Italian mathematician (f. 1900).
• 1836: David Kalakaua, Hawaiian king (f. 1891).
• 1839: Louis-Honoré Fréchette, Franco-Canadian poet (f. 1908).
• 1841: Agustín Riancho, a Spanish painter (f. 1929).
• 1843: Odoardo Beccari, Italian botanist (f. 1920).
• 1844: Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor y Flores, militar e inventor española (f. 1912).
• 1850: Federico Errázuriz Echaurren, politician and Chilean president (f. 1901).
• 1861: Georgina Febres-Cordero, Venezuelan religious (f. 1925).
• 1873: W. C. Handy, American blues composer and musician (f. 1958).
• 1874: Aleksandr Kolchak, marine, military and Russian explorer (f. 1920).
• 1885: Joseph Kentenich, German priest, founder of the Apostolic Movement of Schoenstatt (f. 1968).
• 1888: Luis Cluzeau Mortet, composer of classical music and Uruguayan musician (f. 1957).
• 1890: Elpidio Quirino, Filipino president (f. 1956).
• 1892: Tazio Nuvolari, Italian racing pilot (f. 1953).
• 1895: Paul Hindemith, German composer (f. 1963).
• 1896: Oswald Mosley, British philosopher and politician (f. 1980).
• 1899: Warren McCulloch, American neurologist and cybernetic (f. 1969).
• 1904: Thorold Dickinson, British filmmaker
• 1904: Nnamdi Azikiwe, Nigerian President (f. 1996).
• 1905: Eddie Condon, American jazz musician (f. 1973).
• 1906: Papillón (Henrí Charrière), famous convict (f. 1973).
• 1907: Burgess Meredith, American actor (f. 1997).
• 1908: Nicolás Lindley López, militar, politician and Peruvian president (f. 1963).
• 1913: Ramón Sijé, writer, journalist and Spanish lawyer (f. 1935).
• 1915: Eduardo Simián, a Chilean engineer (f. 1995).
• 1916: Daws Butler, an American voice actor (f. 1988).
• 1916: Malvina Pastorino, an Argentine actress (f. 1994).
• 1917: Manuel Benítez Rufo, Spanish politician (f. 2004).
• 1917: Manuel Criado de Val, Spanish philologist (f. 2015).
• 1922: Gene Amdahl, Norwegian-American computer architect (f. 2015).
• 1922: José Saramago, writer, journalist and Portuguese playwright, Nobel Prize in Literature in 1998 (f. 2010).
• 1922: José-Augusto França, historian and critic of Portuguese art (f. 2021).
• 1924: Mel Patton, American athlete (f. 2014).
• 1927: Franz Jalics, priest, theologian and Hungarian-German writer (f. 2021).
• 1928: Alfonso Rangel Guerra, lawyer, humanist, thinker, writer, professor and Mexican academic (f. 2020).
• 1930: Chinua Achebe, a Nigerian writer (f. 2013).
• 1930: Salvatore Riina, an Italian mafia murderer and criminal (f. 2017).
• 1930: Alice Adams, American artist
• 1931: Luciano Bottaro, Italian hysterist (f. 2006).
• 1931: José Casas Gris, Spanish footballer (f. 2010).
• 1935: France-Albert René, president of Seychelles.
• 1935: Mohamed Husein Fadlalá, Iraqi Ayatollah (f. 2010).
• 1937: Gerardo Chávez, a Peruvian painter.
• 1938: Robert Nozick, American philosopher (f. 2002).
• 1939: Eduardo Bauzá, an Argentine politician (f. 2019).
• 1940: Jorge Roldán, footballer and Guatemalan coach.
• 1941: Angelo Gilardino, classical guitarist, composer and Italian musicologist (f. 2022).
• 1941: Ann McLaughlin Korologos, U.S. policy, Secretary of Labour between 1987 and 1989 (f. 2023).
• 1942: Joanna Pettet, Anglo-American actress.
• 1944: Maximum Valverde, Spanish actor.
• 1945: Juan Bautista Stagnaro, Argentine filmmaker.
• 1946: Terence McKenna, writer, philosopher, American ethnobotanist and psychonaut (f. 2000).
• 1947: Iñaki Anasagasti, Spanish politician.
• 1947: Enrique Carbajal (Sebastián), Mexican sculptor.
• 1948: Robert Lange, American musical producer.
• 1948: Norbert Lammert, German politician.
• 1949: Michel Daerden, Belgian politician (f. 2012).
• 1950: Amelia Valcárcel, Spanish philosopher and feminist.
• 1950: Harvey Martin, American football player (f. 2001).
• 1951: Sibila Camps, journalist, writer and teacher.
• 1951: Miguel Sandoval, American actor.
• 1952: Shigeru Miyamoto, Japanese video game designer.
• 1952: José Luis García Agraz, Mexican filmmaker.
• 1953: Jesús Caudevilla Pastor, a Spanish writer.
• 1955: Guillermo Lasso, Ecuadorian politician, president of Ecuador since 2021.
• 1955: Héctor Cúper, footballer and Argentine coach.
• 1955: Esteban Trapiello, Venezuelan businessman linked to Chavismo.
• 1958: Marg Helgenberger, American actress.
• 1960: Carlos Alberto Ceballos V., former mayor of Jericho, Antioquia.
• 1961: Corinne Hermès, French singer.
• 1961: Sabino Méndez, a Spanish musician, the band Loquillo and the Trogloditees.
• 1962: Gary Mounfield, British musician, of the Primal Scream band.
• 1962: Josh Silver, American musician, of the Type O Negative band.
• 1964: Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, Italian actress.
• 1964: Diana Krall, pianist and Canadian jazz singer.
• 1965: Dave Kushner, American guitarist, Velvet Revolver.
• 1965: Yamila Cafrune, Argentine singer.
• 1966: Christian Lorenz, German musician, of the Rammstein band.
• 1967: Lisa Bonet, American actress.
• 1970: Martha Plimpton, American actress.
• 1971: Sandra Guzmán, Colombian actress.
• 1971: Mustapha Hadji, Moroccan footballer.
• 1971: Aleksandr Popov, Russian swimmer.
• 1972: Missi Pyle, American actress.
• 1973: Christian Horner, British pilot, sports director of Formula 1 Red Bull Racing.
• 1974: Eric Judy, American bassist, of the Modest Mouse band.
• 1974: Paul Scholes, British footballer.
• 1975: Julio Lugo, Dominican baseball player (f. 2021).
• 1976: MC Babo, Mexican rapper, of the band Cartel de Santa.
• 1977: Maggie Gyllenhaal, American actress.
• 1978: Gary Naysmith, British footballer.
• 1981: Kate Miller-Heidke, Australian singer and actress.
• 1982: Amare Stoudemire, American basketball player.
• 1982: Caterin Escobar, Colombian actress.
• 1982: Pere Aragonès, Spanish politician.
• 1983: Britta Steffen, German swimmer.
• 1984: Kimberly J. Brown, American actress.
• 1986: Cezar Washington Alves Portela, Brazilian footballer.
• 1988: Siva Kaneswaran, Irish singer, The Wanted band.
• 1988: Vito Wormgoor, Dutch footballer.
• 1991: Park Hyung Sik, South Korean actor and singer.
• 1991: Nemanja Gudelj, Serbian footballer.
• 1992: Marcelo Brozović, Croatian footballer.
• 1993: Nélson Semedo, Portuguese footballer.
• 1993: Haris Duljević, Bosnian footballer.
• 1993: Pete Davidson, American comedian.
• 1993: Ousseynou Thioune, a Senegalese footballer.
• 1995: Noah Gray-Cabey, American actor.
• 1997: Bruno Guimarães, Brazilian footballer.
• 1998: Vladimir Loroña, Mexican footballer.
• 1999: Radosław Majecki, Polish footballer.
• 2005: Mariam Mamadashvili, Georgian singer.
• 2006: Mason Ramsey, American singer.

Deaths

• 1093: Margaret, Scottish queen, wife of Malcolm III, and holy Catholic and Anglican (n. 1045).
• 1272: Henry III, English king (n. 1207).
• 1302: Gertrudis de Helfta, nun cisterciense German, holy Catholic (n. 1256).
• 1613: Andrés Rey de Artieda, Spanish writer (n. 1549).
• 1632: Gustavo II Adolfo, Swedish king (n. 1594).
• 1724: Jack Sheppard, British thief (n. 1702).
• 1745: Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt, Austrian architect (n. 1668).
• 1797: Frederick William II, Prussian king (n. 1744).
• 1799: Pehr Kalm, botanist and Swedish explorer (n. 1716).
• 1831: Carl von Clausewitz, general and Prussian military theorist (n. 1780).
• 1836: Lorenzo de Zavala, politician and Mexican historian (n. 1788).
• 1878: Manuel Pardo and Lavalle, a Peruvian politician, president between 1872 and 1876 (n. 1834).
• 1885: Louis Riel, Canadian politician (n. 1844).
• 1891: Pedro Martínez, Mexican general (n. 1835).
• 1899: Vincas Kudirka, Lithuanian poet (n. 1858).
• 1920: Anna Kalmanovich, writer, feminist and Russian suffrageist (n. ?).
• 1931: Joshua Millner, Irish shooter (n. 1847).
• 1935: Artemio Zeno, doctor and surgeon of Argentina (n. 1884).
• 1942: Joseph Schmidt, Romanian tenor (n. 1904).
• 1947: Joaquín Gallegos Lara, Ecuadorian writer (n. 1911).
• 1959: Florencio Molina Campos, Argentine painter and painter (n. 1891).
• 1960: Clark Gable, American film actor (n. 1901).
• 1968: Vicente Lombardo Toledano, Mexican politician (n. 1894).
• 1970: Luis Jiménez de Asúa, a Spanish politician (n. 1889).
• 1971: Edie Sedgwick, American actress and model (n. 1943).
• 1973: Alan Watts, a British philosopher and writer (n. 1915).
• 1975: Wynn Bullock, American photographer (n. 1902).
• 1978: Alfonso Quiroz Cuarón, first Mexican criminologist (n. 1910).
• 1981: William Holden, American actor (n. 1918).
• 1985: Omayra Sánchez, a Colombian girl who died in the Tragedia of Armero (n. 1972).
• 1987: Zubir Said, Singaporean composer (n. 1907).
• 1987: Jean Maitron, French historian (n. 1910).
• 1988: Federico Méndez Tejeda, Mexican composer.
• 1989: Ignacio Ellacuría, Spanish theologian (n. 1930).
• 1989: Second Montes, philosopher and social scientist (n. 1933).
• 1989: Juan Ramón Moreno, Spanish Jesuit (n. 1933).
• 1991: Alberto Girri, Argentine poet and translator (n. 1919).
• 1993: Lorenzo Hierrezuelo, Cuban musician (n. 1907).
• 1993: Tomás Garcés, Spanish poet and journalist (n. 1901).
• 1993: Lucia Popp, Slovak soprano (n. 1939).
• 1993: Touhí, the first giant panda to be born in captivity outside China and to remain alive (n. 1981).
• 1997: Georges Marchais, a French politician (n. 1920).
• 1999: Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1978 (n. 1928).
• 2000: Joe C., American rapper (n. 1974).
• 2000: Eulalia Ruiz de Clavijo, Spanish prosecutor (n. 1904).
• 2001: Carlos Estrada, Argentine actor (n. 1927).
• 2001: Tommy Flanagan, American pianist (n. 1930).
• 2005: Edgardo Di Meola, Argentine footballer (n. 1950).
• 2005: Paul Noel, American basketball player (n. 1924).
• 2005: Henry Taube, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1983 (n. 1915).
• 2006: Milton Friedman, American economist, Alfred Nobel Prize in Economics in Memory in 1976 (n. 1912).
• 2006: Pablo Shilton, Argentine actor (n. 1968).
• 2007: Gene Golub, American mathematician (n. 1932).
• 2008: Luisín Landáez, Venezuelan singer (n. 1931).
• 2009: Antonio de Nigris, Mexican footballer (n. 1978).
• 2009: Edward Woodward, British actor (n. 1930).
• 2010: Claude Strebelle, Belgian architect (n. 1917).
• 2011: Armando Morales, a Nicaraguan painter (n. 1927).
• 2012: Fernando Casanova, Mexican actor (n. 1925).
• 2014: Héctor Arredondo, Mexican actor (n. 1970).
• 2014: Javier Azagra Labiano, Spanish bishop (n. 1923).
• 2014: Josep Maria Bachs, Spanish radio and television presenter (n. 1944).
• 2014: Antoni Badia i Margarit, Spanish philologist and linguist (n. 1920).
• 2014: Serge Moscovici, French social psychologist (n. 1925).
• 2014: José Luis Viejo, Spanish cyclist (n. 1949).
• 2015: Joan Bosch Palau, Spanish filmmaker (n. 1925).
• 2022: Carol Leigh, artist, prostitute and rights activist for American sex workers (n. 1951).

Celebrations

• International World Heritage Day
• International Day for Tolerance
• International Day of Flamenco
• IcelandIceland: Icelandic Language Day
• Mexico Mexico: Criminologist's Day
• Paraguay Paraguay: Infantry Day

Catholic saints list

• Our Lady of Ostra Brama
• San Edmundo Rich
• San Euquerio de Lyon
• San Fidencio
• Santa Gertrudis Magna
• Santa Inés de Asis
• Saint Margaret of Scotland
• San Otmaro de Switzerland
• Beato Eduardo Osbaldeston
• Beata Lucia de Narni
• Blessed Simeon of Cava